Qualifying Exam For Instructors - Part 1 - Language Proficiency - Synonyms

Explanation
The word "rural" best describes the given words "pastoral scenery," "clerical," "attractive," and "homely." "Rural" refers to the countryside or areas that are not urban or city-like. It implies a simple, natural, and peaceful environment, which aligns with the idea of pastoral scenery and a homely atmosphere. The word "clerical" seems out of place in this context, but it could suggest a rural area with a small church or religious presence. Overall, "rural" encompasses the essence of the given words.

Explanation
The term "deleterious effects" refers to harmful or damaging consequences. Therefore, the correct answer "bad" accurately reflects the negative nature of these effects.

Explanation
The term "lawlessness" refers to a state or condition where there is a lack of laws or disregard for existing laws. It suggests a situation where there is no order or structure, and people act without any legal constraints. This answer is the most fitting choice as it directly contrasts with the idea of "strict order" and implies a lack of control or regulation. "Hopefulness" and "female control" are unrelated to the concept of anarchy, and therefore, they can be eliminated as possible answers.

Explanation
The phrase "an ignominious defeat" suggests a defeat that is shameful and embarrassing. The word "humiliating" aligns with this meaning, as it implies a loss that causes humiliation and a loss of dignity. Therefore, "humiliating" is the correct answer that accurately describes the given phrase.

Explanation
The term "so-called" is used to indicate that something is commonly referred to by a certain name or label, but may not necessarily be accurate or true. In the context of the question, "the nominal head of the firm" refers to someone who is given the title or position of being the head of the firm, but may not actually hold much power or authority. Therefore, the use of "so-called" suggests that the person referred to as the nominal head may not have the expected level of importance or influence within the firm.

Explanation
A parsimonious shopper is someone who is careful with their money and spends it wisely. They are frugal and economical in their shopping habits, always looking for the best deals and avoiding unnecessary expenses. The word "thrifty" is synonymous with being parsimonious, as it describes someone who is resourceful and avoids wasting money. Therefore, "thrifty" is the correct answer.

Explanation
The term "a shameless sycophant" refers to someone who excessively flatters or ingratiates themselves to gain favor or advantage. Among the given options, "flatterer" best aligns with this definition. A flatterer is someone who compliments and praises others insincerely, often in an attempt to manipulate or gain favor. Therefore, "flatterer" is the correct answer.

Explanation
A mercurial disposition refers to someone who is unpredictable and constantly changing their mood or behavior. This person's emotions and actions are not steady or consistent, but rather erratic and unpredictable.

Explanation
The phrase "galvanize the crowd" means to excite or inspire a group of people into taking action. This is similar in meaning to "stir up," which also implies provoking a reaction or response from a group. The other options, "silence," "insult," and "bore," are all unrelated and do not convey the idea of exciting or inspiring a crowd. Therefore, the correct answer is "stir up."

Explanation
The word "veracious" means truthful or honest. Therefore, the correct answer "truthful" is the most appropriate choice as it directly relates to the meaning of "veracious remarks". The other options, "vivid", "vicious", and "windy", do not have the same meaning as "veracious" and are not suitable in the given context.