Operating Systems: General Concepts
A general introduction to the general topic of operating systems with emphasis on important concepts such as multiprogramming, time sharing, distributed system. . A part of the Operating Systems Course CIS 233 at Saint John's College Junior College Belize City.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
True or Flase: In a multiprogramming and time-sharing environment, several users share the system simultaneously.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
In a multiprogramming and time-sharing environment, several users are able to share the system simultaneously. This means that multiple users can access and utilize the system's resources, such as the CPU and memory, at the same time. This allows for efficient resource allocation and improved system utilization. Therefore, the statement "True" is correct.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following are the security problems that arise in a multiprogramming and time-sharing environment?
- A.
Stealing or copying one’s programs or data
- B.
Using system resources without permission.
- C.
Difficulty in accounting for printing costs
- D.
All of the above
- E.
B and C only
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
In a multiprogramming and time-sharing environment, there are several security problems that can arise. One of these problems is the stealing or copying of one's programs or data by unauthorized users. This can lead to a breach of privacy and potential misuse of sensitive information. Another security problem is the unauthorized use of system resources without permission. This can result in resource depletion and degradation of system performance. Additionally, there may be difficulty in accounting for printing costs, which can lead to financial losses for the organization. Therefore, all of the options mentioned in the question - stealing or copying one's programs or data, using system resources without permission, and difficulty in accounting for printing costs - are security problems that can occur in a multiprogramming and time-sharing environment.Rate this question:
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- 3.
True or False: We can ensure the same degree of security in a time-shared machineas in a dedicated machine?
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement "We can ensure the same degree of security in a time-shared machine as in a dedicated machine" is false. In a time-shared machine, multiple users share the same resources and have access to the same operating system. This increases the risk of unauthorized access and compromises the security of the system. In contrast, a dedicated machine is dedicated to a single user or task, allowing for better control and security measures. Therefore, it is not possible to ensure the same level of security in a time-shared machine as in a dedicated machine.Rate this question:
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- 4.
True or False: Any protection scheme devised by humans can inevitably be broken by a human, and the more complex the scheme, the more difficult it is to feel confident of its correct implementation.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because humans are the ones who create and implement protection schemes, and therefore they have the knowledge and capability to break them. Additionally, as the complexity of a scheme increases, the chances of errors or vulnerabilities also increase, making it even more difficult to have confidence in its correct implementation.Rate this question:
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- 5.
True or False:The issue of resource utilization shows up in different forms in differenttypes of operating systems.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Different types of operating systems have different methods and strategies for managing and allocating resources such as CPU, memory, and disk space. Regardless of the specific approach, all operating systems need to address the issue of resource utilization to ensure efficient and effective use of available resources. Therefore, it is true that the issue of resource utilization shows up in different forms in different types of operating systems.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The term resource utilization refers to which of the following:
- A.
Memory and CPU resources
- B.
Storage,
- C.
Network bandwidth
- D.
Power consumption
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the aboveExplanation
The term "resource utilization" refers to the measurement and management of various resources in a system. This includes memory and CPU resources, storage, network bandwidth, and power consumption. By considering all these factors, organizations can effectively allocate and optimize their resources to ensure efficient operation and performance of their systems.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The issue of resource utilization shows up in different forms in different types of operating systems. List what resources must be managed carefully in the case of a Handheld computer.
- A.
Power consumption, memory resources
- B.
Memory and CPU resources
- C.
Storage, network bandwidth
- D.
Memory and network bandwidth
- E.
CPU resources
Correct Answer
A. Power consumption, memory resourcesExplanation
In the case of a handheld computer, power consumption and memory resources must be managed carefully. Handheld computers typically have limited battery life, so managing power consumption is crucial to ensure longer usage without frequent recharging. Additionally, handheld computers often have limited memory capacity, so managing memory resources efficiently is important to optimize performance and storage capabilities.Rate this question:
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- 8.
True or False:A personal computer is best when the job is small enough to be executed reasonably on it and when performance is sufficient to execute the program to the user’s satisfaction.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
A personal computer is considered to be the best option when the task at hand is small enough to be efficiently performed on it and the performance of the computer is good enough to meet the user's expectations. This implies that for smaller tasks, a personal computer can provide satisfactory results in terms of execution and performance.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Read the following carefully and state under what circumstances would a user be better off using a timesharing system rather than a PC or a single-user workstation?
- A.
- When there are few other users, the task is large - When the hardware is fast lots of other users need resources at the same time. - when lots of other users need resources at the same time.
- B.
- When the full power of the system can be brought to bear on the user’s problem. - When the problem can be solved faster than on a personal computer.
- C.
A and B
- D.
- when the job is small enough to be executed reasonably on it - when performance is sufficient to execute the program to the user’s satisfaction.
- E.
A and D
Correct Answer
C. A and BExplanation
A user would be better off using a timesharing system rather than a PC or a single-user workstation when there are few other users and the task is large, or when the hardware is fast and lots of other users need resources at the same time. In these circumstances, a timesharing system allows multiple users to share the resources of a single computer, resulting in better efficiency and utilization of the system. This is particularly beneficial when the task requires significant computing power or when there is a high demand for resources from multiple users simultaneously.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Identify which of the functionalities listed below need to be supported bythe operating system for real-time systems.
- A.
The operating system needs to support virtualmemory and time sharing in a fair manner
- B.
The operating system needs to provide virtual memory, but does not need to provide time-sharing
- C.
Batch programming is necessary in both settings.
Correct Answer
A. The operating system needs to support virtualmemory and time sharing in a fair mannerExplanation
The correct answer is that the operating system needs to support virtual memory and time sharing in a fair manner. This means that in real-time systems, the operating system must be able to allocate and manage virtual memory efficiently, allowing multiple processes to run concurrently while ensuring fairness in the allocation of system resources. Time sharing is also necessary to allow different processes to share the CPU's time in a fair and equitable manner. Batch programming is necessary in both real-time and non-real-time systems, but it is not specifically related to the functionalities required for real-time systems.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Batch programming is not necessary in handheld devices nor is it necessary in real-time systems.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Batch programming refers to the execution of a series of commands or tasks without user interaction. Handheld devices, such as smartphones or tablets, typically rely on interactive and real-time applications, where user input is required and immediate responses are needed. Therefore, batch programming is not necessary in handheld devices. Similarly, real-time systems, which are designed to respond to events or data inputs within strict time constraints, do not typically use batch programming. Hence, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 12.
True or False:Symmetric multiprocessing treats all processors as equals, andI/O can be processed on any CPU.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) is a type of multiprocessing where all processors are treated as equals, meaning that they have equal access to the system's resources. In SMP, any CPU can handle I/O processing, as there is no specific designated processor for this task. Therefore, the statement that symmetric multiprocessing treats all processors as equals and allows I/O processing on any CPU is true.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Distinguish between the client–server and peer-to-peer models of distributedsystems.True or FalseThe client-server model firmly distinguishes the roles of theclient and server. Under this model, the client requests services that areprovided by the server.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The client-server model is a type of distributed system where the roles of the client and server are clearly defined. In this model, the client is responsible for requesting services or resources from the server, which is responsible for providing those services. This clear distinction between the client and server is a key characteristic of the client-server model, making the statement "True" accurate.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Distinguish between the client–server and peer-to-peer models of distributedsystems.True or FalseThe peer-to-peer model has strict roles. In fact, all nodes in the system are not considered peers and thus can not act as servers.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because in the peer-to-peer model of distributed systems, all nodes are considered peers and can act as both clients and servers. Unlike the client-server model, there is no strict division of roles where some nodes only act as servers and others only act as clients. In a peer-to-peer system, each node can initiate requests and provide resources to other nodes, making it a more decentralized and flexible model.Rate this question:
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- 15.
With ___________________________________, one host runsthe database application with the other host simply monitoring it.
- A.
Parallel clustering
- B.
Peer to peer
- C.
Asymmetric clustering
Correct Answer
C. Asymmetric clusteringExplanation
Asymmetric clustering refers to a type of clustering where one host runs the database application while the other host simply monitors it. In this setup, the primary host handles all the processing and workload, while the secondary host serves as a backup or observer. This configuration allows for a more efficient use of resources, as the monitoring host does not actively participate in running the application.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What network configuration would best suit SJC?
- A.
A LAN
- B.
A WAN
- C.
A CAN
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
All of the above would be the best network configuration for SJC. A LAN (Local Area Network) would be suitable for connecting devices within a limited area like an office or building. A WAN (Wide Area Network) would be ideal for connecting multiple LANs over a larger geographical area, such as connecting different branches of a company. A CAN (Campus Area Network) would be suitable for connecting multiple buildings within a campus or university. Having all three configurations would provide a comprehensive network infrastructure for SJC, catering to both local and wide area connectivity needs.Rate this question:
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- 17.
What network configuration would best suit American Airlines?
- A.
A LAN
- B.
A WAN
- C.
A CAN
- D.
A MAN
Correct Answer
B. A WANExplanation
American Airlines is a large airline company that operates globally. To efficiently connect its various offices, airports, and data centers across different locations, a wide area network (WAN) would be the best network configuration. A WAN allows for long-distance communication and enables the company to transmit data, voice, and video over a large geographical area. This would ensure seamless communication, data sharing, and collaboration between different branches of American Airlines, regardless of their physical location.Rate this question:
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- 18.
When a system uses CPU scheduling and multiprogrammingto provide economical interactive use of a system. TheCPU switches rapidly from one user to another. Instead of havinga job defined by spooled card images, each program reads its nextcontrol card from the terminal, and output is normally printedimmediately to the screen. This is referred to as __________________________.
- A.
Peer to Peer
- B.
Batch processing
- C.
CPU
- D.
Time sharing
Correct Answer
D. Time sharingExplanation
The given scenario describes a system that uses CPU scheduling and multiprogramming to allow multiple users to interact with the system simultaneously. In this system, the CPU rapidly switches between different users, allowing each program to read its control card from the terminal and immediately display output on the screen. This type of system is commonly known as "time sharing," where the CPU time is divided among multiple users to provide an interactive and economical use of the system.Rate this question:
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- 19.
A small computer system that performs simple taskssuch as calendars, email, and web browsing. ___________________ differ from traditional desktop systems with smaller memory and display screens and slower processors.
- A.
Personal Computer
- B.
Handheld systems
- C.
Network systems
- D.
Telephone
Correct Answer
B. Handheld systemsExplanation
Handheld systems are small computer systems that perform simple tasks such as calendars, email, and web browsing. They differ from traditional desktop systems with smaller memory and display screens and slower processors.Rate this question:
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- 20.
A system is said to be __________________________ when this system is composed of many short transactions where the results of the next transaction may be unpredictable.Response time needs to be short (seconds) since the user submitsand waits for the result. It is highly dependent on user input.
- A.
A handheld
- B.
Telephone
- C.
A personal computer
- D.
Interactive
Correct Answer
D. InteractiveExplanation
A system is said to be interactive when it is composed of many short transactions where the results of the next transaction may be unpredictable. Response time needs to be short (seconds) since the user submits and waits for the result. It is highly dependent on user input. An interactive system allows users to actively engage with it, providing input and receiving immediate feedback or results. This type of system is often found in handheld devices, telephones, and personal computers where users interact with various applications or software.Rate this question:
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