Napoleon's Buttons Chapter 5
Napoleon's Buttons is a novel by Jay Burreson and Le Couteur on the origin of all the groups of molecules that have shaped the Science world to date. Chapter 5 talks about the Nitro compounds and is tested below.
- 1.
Although the structures of explosive molecules vary widely most often they contain a(n)
- A.
Carbon dioxide molecule
- B.
Oxide compound
- C.
Nitro group
- D.
Water vapor molecule
Correct Answer
C. Nitro groupExplanation
Explosive molecules are known to have a high potential for rapid decomposition, resulting in the release of large amounts of energy. One common feature found in many explosive molecules is the presence of a nitro group (NO2). This group consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two oxygen atoms and is highly reactive, making it prone to undergo explosive reactions. Therefore, the presence of a nitro group in an explosive molecule is a characteristic feature that contributes to its explosive properties.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following is NOT a component of gunpowder?
- A.
Potassium nitrate
- B.
Isopropyl alcohol
- C.
Carbon
- D.
Sulfur
Correct Answer
B. Isopropyl alcoholExplanation
Isopropyl alcohol is not a component of gunpowder. Gunpowder is typically made up of potassium nitrate, carbon, and sulfur. Isopropyl alcohol, also known as rubbing alcohol, is not used in the production of gunpowder.Rate this question:
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- 3.
All explosive reactions produce large amounts of heat. What type of reactions are these?
- A.
Combustion
- B.
Endothermic
- C.
Chemical
- D.
Exothermic
Correct Answer
D. ExothermicExplanation
Exothermic reactions release energy in the form of heat. Since explosive reactions produce large amounts of heat, they can be classified as exothermic reactions.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What gives the structure of a diatomic nitrogen molecule its stability?
- A.
Strength of the triple bond
- B.
Size of the molecule
- C.
Charge od the molecule
- D.
Length of the triple bond
Correct Answer
A. Strength of the triple bondExplanation
The strength of the triple bond in a diatomic nitrogen molecule provides its stability. The triple bond between the two nitrogen atoms is very strong, requiring a significant amount of energy to break. This strong bond prevents the molecule from easily dissociating into separate nitrogen atoms. Therefore, the stability of the diatomic nitrogen molecule is primarily due to the strength of its triple bond.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following is NOT a property of explosive reactions?
- A.
Production of heat
- B.
Production of gases
- C.
Absorption of energy
- D.
They are extremely rapid
Correct Answer
C. Absorption of energyExplanation
Explosive reactions are known for their ability to produce heat, gases, and occur rapidly. However, they are not characterized by the absorption of energy. In fact, explosive reactions release a significant amount of energy in a short period of time, resulting in an explosion. The release of energy is what distinguishes explosive reactions from other types of chemical reactions.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Of the four compunds listed, which one does NOT contain a nitro group
- A.
Dinitrotoluene
- B.
Toluene
- C.
TNT
- D.
Nitrotoluene
Correct Answer
B. TolueneExplanation
Toluene is the correct answer because it is the only compound listed that does not contain a nitro group. The other compounds, dinitrotoluene, TNT, and nitrotoluene, all contain nitro groups. A nitro group is a functional group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom, which is commonly found in explosives and other organic compounds. Toluene, on the other hand, is a simple aromatic hydrocarbon that does not contain any nitro groups.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Whose experiments with nitric acid led to the discovery of nitroglycerin, the explosive component in dynamite?
- A.
Roger Bacon
- B.
Emil Nobel
- C.
Ascanio Sobrero
- D.
Alfred Nobel
Correct Answer
C. Ascanio SobreroExplanation
Ascanio Sobrero is the correct answer because his experiments with nitric acid led to the discovery of nitroglycerin, the explosive component in dynamite.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following is a starting material for making nitric acid?
- A.
Carbon dioxide
- B.
Ammonia
- C.
Toluene
- D.
Picric acid
Correct Answer
B. AmmoniaExplanation
Ammonia is a starting material for making nitric acid because it is reacted with oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide gas. The nitrogen dioxide gas is then further reacted with water to form nitric acid. This process is known as the Ostwald process and is commonly used in the industrial production of nitric acid. Carbon dioxide, toluene, and picric acid are not starting materials for making nitric acid and do not undergo the necessary reactions to produce it.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Our atmosphere is composed of approximately ________% oxygen gas and __________% nitrogen gas.
- A.
80 and 20
- B.
50 and 50
- C.
20 and 80
- D.
30 and 70
Correct Answer
C. 20 and 80Explanation
The correct answer is 20 and 80. This is because the Earth's atmosphere is primarily made up of nitrogen gas, which accounts for approximately 78% of the atmosphere. Oxygen gas, on the other hand, makes up only about 21% of the atmosphere. Therefore, the approximate composition of oxygen gas and nitrogen gas in the atmosphere is 20% and 80% respectively.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What are the differneces between the structures of nitroglycerin and pentaerythritoltetranitrate (PETN)?
- A.
Nitroglycerin has 5 carbons instead of 3, and 1 more nitro group than PETN
- B.
Nitroglycerin has 7 carbons instead of 5, and 3 more nitro groups than PETN
- C.
PETN has 5 carbons instead of 3, and 1 more nitro group than nitroglycerin
- D.
PETN has 7 carbons instead of 5, and 3 more nitro groups than nitroglycerin
Correct Answer
C. PETN has 5 carbons instead of 3, and 1 more nitro group than nitroglycerinExplanation
The correct answer states that PETN has 5 carbons instead of 3, and 1 more nitro group than nitroglycerin. This means that the structure of PETN has a longer carbon chain compared to nitroglycerin, and it contains an additional nitro group.Rate this question:
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- 11.
As well as being a molecule found in explosivses, nitric oxide, (NO) ,has many physiological roles. Which of the following is NOT one of the physiological roles of NO?
- A.
Dilation of blood vessels
- B.
Aiding digestion
- C.
Treatment for a sore throat
- D.
Establishing long-term memory
Correct Answer
C. Treatment for a sore throatExplanation
Nitric oxide (NO) is known to have various physiological roles, including dilation of blood vessels, aiding digestion, and establishing long-term memory. However, it is not used as a treatment for a sore throat.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following coefficient groups correctly balances the equation for the chemical reaction for the explosion of gunpowder?
- A.
5, 5, 3, 1, 3, 5, 4, 13
- B.
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 12
- C.
7, 4, 1, 5, 8, 11, 7, 2
- D.
4, 7, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1
Correct Answer
D. 4, 7, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1 -
- 13.
Which of the following is responsible for the propulsion of a cannonball or bullet?
- A.
The explosive nature of sulfur
- B.
The hot expanding gases produced from the rapid burning of gunpowder
- C.
A mixture of alcohol and water
- D.
The urine from a clergyman
Correct Answer
B. The hot expanding gases produced from the rapid burning of gunpowderExplanation
The propulsion of a cannonball or bullet is caused by the hot expanding gases produced from the rapid burning of gunpowder. Gunpowder contains a mixture of chemicals that, when ignited, rapidly burn and release large amounts of gas. This gas expands rapidly, creating high pressure behind the projectile and pushing it forward with great force. The explosive nature of sulfur is not directly responsible for the propulsion, although sulfur is a component of gunpowder. The other options, a mixture of alcohol and water and the urine from a clergyman, are not relevant to the propulsion of a cannonball or bullet.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following was often to refered to as "Chinese snow"?
- A.
Potassium nitrate
- B.
Sulfur
- C.
Potassium sulfide
- D.
Potassium carbonate
Correct Answer
A. Potassium nitrateExplanation
Potassium nitrate was often referred to as "Chinese snow" because it has a crystalline appearance similar to snow and was historically used in China for various purposes, including as a component in fireworks and gunpowder. The nickname "Chinese snow" highlights the association of potassium nitrate with China and its use in cultural practices such as fireworks displays.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following is the definition of an isomer?
- A.
Compounds that contain one or more triple bonds
- B.
Compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structures
- C.
Compounds that contain a nitro group
- D.
Compounds that have the same chemical structures but different formulas
Correct Answer
B. Compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structuresExplanation
Isomers are compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structures. This means that they have the same number and type of atoms, but the arrangement of these atoms is different. Isomers can have different physical and chemical properties due to their different structural arrangements.Rate this question:
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Feb 10, 2010Quiz Created by
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