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1. Which is the most widely used semiconductor?

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2. To produce a large forward current in a silicon diode, the applied voltage must be greater than

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3. How much voltage is there across the second approximation of a silicon diode when it is forward biased? 

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4. Definitions are

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5. Which of the following is approximately equal to room temperature? 

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6. If the base resistor is open, what is the collector current?

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7. In a step-down transformer, which is larger?

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8. Trivatent atoms have howmany valence electrons?

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9. What is the barrier potential of a silicon diode at room temperature?

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10. The flow of valence electrons to the left means that holes are flowing to the

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11. If the zener diode in a zener regulator is connected with the wrong polarity, the load voltage will be closest to

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12. The current gain of a transistor is defined as the ratio of the collector current to the

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13. With a half-wave rectified voltage across the load resistor, load current flows for what part of a cycle? 

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14. A cold-solder joint 

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15. To display the digit 8 ina seven-segment indicator, 

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16. What is one important thing transistors do?

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17. If N1/N2 = 2, and the primary voltage is 120 V, what is the secondary voltage? 

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18. Who invented the first junction transistor?

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19. When a diode is forward-biased, the recombination of free electrons and holes may produce 

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20. The device associated with voltage-controlled capacitance is a

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21. A circuit with a fixed emitter current is called

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22. The barrier potential across each silicon depletion layer is 

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23. The base of an npn transistor is thin and

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24. An intrinsic semiconductor has some holes in it at room temperature. What causes these holes? 

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25. A zener diode 

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26. The diode with a forward voltage drop of approximately 0.25 V is the 

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27. The current gain of a transistor is the ratio of the 

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28. What is the peak load voltage in a full-wave rectifier if the secondary voltage is 20 V rms?

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29. The number of free electrons and holes in an intrinsic semiconductor increases when the temperature

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30. Derivations are 

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31. The valence electron of a conductor is also called a

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32. An external voltage source is applied to a p-type semiconductor. If the left end of the crystal is positive, which way do the majority carriers flow?

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33. What kind of device is a resistor?

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34. How is a nonconducting diode biased?

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35. Treating a connecting wire as a conductor with zero resistance is an example of the 

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36. A transistor has how many doped regions?

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37. The fact that only a few holes are in the base region means the base is 

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38. With a full-wave rectified voltage across the load resistor, load current flows for what part of a cycle? 

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39. When the diode current is large, the bias is 

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40. A conductor has how many types of flow?

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41. In a normally biased npn transistor, the electrons in the emitter have enough energy to overcome the barrier potential of the  

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42. The base-emitter voltage of the second approximation is 

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43. Which of the following doesn't fit in the group?

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44. Diffusion of free electrons across the junction of an unbiased diode produces 

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45. One way to short a device is 

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46. An open resistor has

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47. The second approximation works well when

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48. At room temperature an intrinsic silicon crystal acts approximately like 

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49. Holes act like

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50. The nucleus of a copper atom contains how many protons?

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51. What is the most important fact about the collector current?

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52. Three different Q points are shown on a load line. The upper Q point represents the

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53. Suppose an intrinsic semiconductor has 1 billion free electrons at room temperature. If the temperature changes to 75'C, how many holes are there?

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54. Assume the valence electron is removed from a copper atom. The net charge of the atom becomes 

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55. How many valence electrons does a silicon atom  have?

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56. The emitter diode is usually 

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57. If the filter capacitance is increased, the ripple will

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58. The Norton current is sometimes called the

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59. A blown-fuse indicator uses a 

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60. For typical operation, you need to use reverse bias with a

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61. The voltage out of a bridge rectifier is a

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62. Absolute zero temperature equals

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63. A solder bridge

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64. A semiconductor has how many types of flow? 

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65. With the same secondary voltage and filter, which has the most ripple?

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66. When the reverse voltage increases from 5 to 10 V, the depletion layer

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67. When the graph of current versus voltage is a straight line, the device is referred to as

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68. The voltage out of an ideal voltage source 

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69. If the line voltage is 115 V rms, a turns ratio of 5: 1 means the rms secondary voltage is closest to

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70. If the secondary voltage increases in a bridge rectifier with a capacitor-input filter, the load voltage will

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71. At room temperature an intrinsic semiconductor has 

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72. The current out of an ideal current source

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73. The varactor is usually 

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74. If the bulk resistance is zero, the graph above the knee becomes

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75. The valence electron of a copper atom experiences what kind of attraction toward the nucleus? 

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76. If line frequency is 60 Hz, the output frequency of a half-wave rectifier is 

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77. A donor atom has how many valence electrons?

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78. Silver is the best conductor. How many valence electrons do you think it has?

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79. The base current is 50 microamp. If the current gain is 125, the collector current is closest in value to

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80. If the base current is 100 mA and the current gain is 30, the collector current is 

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81. An ideal voltage source has

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82. The voltage where avalanche occurs is called the

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83. A photodiode is normally

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84. The merging of a free electron and a hole is called 

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85. A transformer has a turns ratio of 4: 1. What is the peak secondary voltage if 115 V rms is applied to the primary winding?

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86. If the current gain is 200 and the collector current is 100 mA, the base current is

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87. The base-emitter voltage is usually

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88. The collector current is 10 mA. If the current gain is 100, the base current is 

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89. In a loaded zener regulator, which is the largest current?

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90. Which of the following has a negative-resistance region?

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91. Holes are the minority carriers in which type of semiconductor?

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92. If line frequency is 60 Hz, the output frequency of a bridge rectifier is 

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93. The diodes in a bridge rectifier each have a maximum dc current rating of 2 A. This means the dc load current can have a maximum value of

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94. Breakdown does not destroy a zener diode provided the zener current is less than the 

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95. Norton's theorem replaces a complicated circuit facing a load by an

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96. Silicon atoms combine into an orderly pattern called a

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97. At absolute zero temperature an intrinsic semiconductor has 

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98. Positive ions are atoms that have

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99. The knee voltage of a diode is approximately equal to the

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100. If a transistor operates at the middle of the load line, an increase in the current gain will move the Q point 

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101. The bulk resistance of a 1N4001 is 

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102. What is the PIV across each diode of a bridge rectifier with a secondary voltage of 20 V rms?

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103. If you wanted to produce a p-type semiconductor, which of these would you use? 

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104. If the collector resistor decreases to zero in a base-biased circuit, the load line will become 

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105. In a silicon diode the reverse current is usually

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106. If the depletion layer gets wider, the capacitance

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107. To isolate an output circuit from an input circuit, which is the device to use? 

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108. We want a peak load voltage of 40 V out of a bridge rectifier. What is the approximate rms value of secondary voltage? 

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109. To get the Norton current, you have to

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110. When the light increases, the reverse minority carrier current in a photodiode 

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111. Most of the electrons in the base of an npn transistor flow 

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112. If the diode is open in Fig. 3-19, the load voltage is 

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113. If the base resistor is very small, the transistor will operate in the

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114. At high frequencies, ordinary diodes don't work properly because of 

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115. In an npn transistor, the majority carriers in the base are

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116. A small collector currentwith zero base current is caused by the leakage current of the

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117. How many free electrons does a p-type semiconductor contain?

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118. If the base supply voltage increases, the Q point moves

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119. Which of these is the best description of a zener diode?

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120. Which of the following cannot move?

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121. What kind of a device is a diode?

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122. To get the Thevenin voltage, you have to 

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123. If the collector resistor is open, the collector voltage is

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124. How much current is there through the second approximation of a silicon diode when it is reverse biased?

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125. An ideal voltage source and an internal resistance is an example of the 

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126. Most of the electrons that flow through the base will

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127. What is the peak load voltage out of a bridge rectifier for a secondary voltage of 15 V rms? (Use second approximation.)

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128. A real voltage source has 

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129. The device to use for rectifying a weak ac signal is a

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130. The amount of time between the creation of a hole and its disappearance is called

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131. What is true about the breakdown voltage in a zener diode?

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132. An ideal current source has

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133. The Thevenin voltage is the same as the 

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134. The reverse current consistsof minority-carrier current and

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135. Laws are proved by

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136. If you recalculate the collector-emitter voltage with the second approximation, the answer will usually be 

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137. Which of the following describes a p-type semiconductor? 

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138. For normal operation of the transistor, the collector diode has to be

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139. How much load current is there in Fig. 3-19 (see your textbook) with the second approximation? 

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140. In an intrinsic semiconductor, the number of free electrons

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141. The power dissipated bya transistor approximately equals the collector current times

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142. What causes the depletion layer?

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143. The Thevenin resistance is equal in value to the

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144. Ignoring the bulk resistance of the collector diode, the collector-emitter saturation voltage is

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145. If a load resistance is 1 kohm, a stiff current source has a resistance of

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146. The net charge of a neutral copper atom is

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147. The collector-emitter voltage is usually

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148. Suppose the base resistor is open. The Q point will be

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149. If the base supply voltage is disconnected, the collector-emitter voltage will equal

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150. The voltage across the zener resistance is usually 

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151. A real current source has 

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152. The load voltage is approximately constant when a zener diode is

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153. If the emitter resistor isopen, the collector voltage is

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154. When the source voltage increases in a zener regulator, which of these currents remains approximately constant?

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155. How much load current is there in Fig. 3-19 with the third approximation?

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156. Line voltage may be from 105 V rms to 125 rms in a half-wave rectifier. With a 5:1 step-down transformer, the maximum peak load voltage is closest to 

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157. A conductor has how many holes?

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158. If the load current is 5 mAand the filter capacitance is 1000uF, what is the peak-to-peak ripple out of a bridge rectifier?

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159. A transistor acts like a diode and a 

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160. Thevenin's theorem replaces a complicated circuit facing a load by an

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161. When the reverse voltage increases, the capacitance

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162. Most of the electrons inthe base of an npn transistor do not recombine because they

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163. How many protons does the nucleus of a silicon atom contain?

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164. Each valence electron in an intrinsic semiconductor establishes a

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165. In the active region, the collector current is not changed significantly by

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166. If a load resistance is 1 kohm, a stiff voltage source has a resistance of 

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167. If the resistor is ungrounded in Fig. 3-19, the voltage measured with a DMM between the top of the resistor and ground is closest to

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168. Which of the following describes an n-type semiconductor?

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169. If the series resistance decreases in an unloaded zener regulator, the zener current 

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170. When there is no base current in a transistor switch, the output voltage from the transistor is 

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171. The ideal diode is usually adequate when

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172. Surface-leakage current is part of the 

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173. The only time you have to use the third approximation is when

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174. If the filtered load currentis 10 mA, which of the following has a diode current of 10 mA?

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175. If the emitter resistance decreases, the

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176. When a free electron recombines with a hole in the base region, the free electron becomes

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177. A p-type semiconductor contains holes and

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178. If the base resistor isshorted, the transistor will probably be

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179. How much load current is there in Fig. 3-19 (see your textbook) with the ideal diode?

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180. When the base resistor decreases, the collector voltage will probably

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181. How many electrons are there in the valence orbit of a silicon atom within a crystal? 

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182. When the current gain increases from 50 to 300 in an emitter-biased circuit, the collector current 

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183. When a voltage is applied to a semiconductor, holes will flow

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184. The graph of current gain versus collector-current indicates that the current gain

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185. In the second approximation, the total voltage across the zener diode is the sum of-the breakdown voltage and the voltage across the 

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186. When the Q point moves along the load line, the voltage increases when the collector current 

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187. A shorted resistor has 

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188. The capacitance of a varactor diode increases when the reverse voltage across it

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189. Increasing the collector supply voltage will increase 

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190. The load voltage measures zero in Fig. 3-19. The trouble may be 

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191. If a transistor operates at the middle of the load line, an increase in the base resistance will move the Q point 

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192. With the same secondary voltage and filter, which produces the least load voltage?

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193. How much forward diode voltage is there with the ideal-diode approximation? 

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194. The first step in analyzing emitter-based circuits is to find the   

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195. If the load resistance decreases in a zener regulator, the series current 

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196. If the emitter resistance decreases, the collector voltage

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197. The base-emitter voltage ofan ideal transistor is

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198. If the load resistance decreases in a zener regulator, the zener current 

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199. As the temperature increases, the current gain

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200. When the collector current increases, what does the current gain do?

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Which is the most widely used semiconductor?
To produce a large forward current in a silicon diode, the applied...
How much voltage is there across the second approximation of a silicon...
Definitions are
Which of the following is approximately equal to room...
If the base resistor is open, what is the collector current?
In a step-down transformer, which is larger?
Trivatent atoms have howmany valence electrons?
What is the barrier potential of a silicon diode at room temperature?
The flow of valence electrons to the left means that holes are flowing...
If the zener diode in a zener regulator is connected with the wrong...
The current gain of a transistor is defined as the ratio of the...
With a half-wave rectified voltage across the load resistor, load...
A cold-solder joint 
To display the digit 8 ina seven-segment indicator, 
What is one important thing transistors do?
If N1/N2 = 2, and the primary voltage is 120 V, what is the secondary...
Who invented the first junction transistor?
When a diode is forward-biased, the recombination of free electrons...
The device associated with voltage-controlled capacitance is a
A circuit with a fixed emitter current is called
The barrier potential across each silicon depletion layer is 
The base of an npn transistor is thin and
An intrinsic semiconductor has some holes in it at room temperature....
A zener diode 
The diode with a forward voltage drop of approximately 0.25 V is...
The current gain of a transistor is the ratio of the 
What is the peak load voltage in a full-wave rectifier if the...
The number of free electrons and holes in an intrinsic semiconductor...
Derivations are 
The valence electron of a conductor is also called a
An external voltage source is applied to a p-type semiconductor. If...
What kind of device is a resistor?
How is a nonconducting diode biased?
Treating a connecting wire as a conductor with zero resistance is an...
A transistor has how many doped regions?
The fact that only a few holes are in the base region means the base...
With a full-wave rectified voltage across the load resistor, load...
When the diode current is large, the bias is 
A conductor has how many types of flow?
In a normally biased npn transistor, the electrons in the emitter have...
The base-emitter voltage of the second approximation is 
Which of the following doesn't fit in the group?
Diffusion of free electrons across the junction of an unbiased diode...
One way to short a device is 
An open resistor has
The second approximation works well when
At room temperature an intrinsic silicon crystal acts approximately...
Holes act like
The nucleus of a copper atom contains how many protons?
What is the most important fact about the collector current?
Three different Q points are shown on a load line. The upper Q point...
Suppose an intrinsic semiconductor has 1 billion free electrons at...
Assume the valence electron is removed from a copper atom. The net...
How many valence electrons does a silicon atom  have?
The emitter diode is usually 
If the filter capacitance is increased, the ripple will
The Norton current is sometimes called the
A blown-fuse indicator uses a 
For typical operation, you need to use reverse bias with a
The voltage out of a bridge rectifier is a
Absolute zero temperature equals
A solder bridge
A semiconductor has how many types of flow? 
With the same secondary voltage and filter, which has the most ripple?
When the reverse voltage increases from 5 to 10 V, the depletion layer
When the graph of current versus voltage is a straight line, the...
The voltage out of an ideal voltage source 
If the line voltage is 115 V rms, a turns ratio of 5: 1 means the rms...
If the secondary voltage increases in a bridge rectifier with a...
At room temperature an intrinsic semiconductor has 
The current out of an ideal current source
The varactor is usually 
If the bulk resistance is zero, the graph above the knee becomes
The valence electron of a copper atom experiences what kind of...
If line frequency is 60 Hz, the output frequency of a half-wave...
A donor atom has how many valence electrons?
Silver is the best conductor. How many valence electrons do you think...
The base current is 50 microamp. If the current gain is 125, the...
If the base current is 100 mA and the current gain is 30, the...
An ideal voltage source has
The voltage where avalanche occurs is called the
A photodiode is normally
The merging of a free electron and a hole is called 
A transformer has a turns ratio of 4: 1. What is the peak secondary...
If the current gain is 200 and the collector current is 100 mA, the...
The base-emitter voltage is usually
The collector current is 10 mA. If the current gain is 100, the base...
In a loaded zener regulator, which is the largest current?
Which of the following has a negative-resistance region?
Holes are the minority carriers in which type of semiconductor?
If line frequency is 60 Hz, the output frequency of a bridge rectifier...
The diodes in a bridge rectifier each have a maximum dc current rating...
Breakdown does not destroy a zener diode provided the zener current is...
Norton's theorem replaces a complicated circuit facing a load by an
Silicon atoms combine into an orderly pattern called a
At absolute zero temperature an intrinsic semiconductor has 
Positive ions are atoms that have
The knee voltage of a diode is approximately equal to the
If a transistor operates at the middle of the load line, an increase...
The bulk resistance of a 1N4001 is 
What is the PIV across each diode of a bridge rectifier with a...
If you wanted to produce a p-type semiconductor, which of these would...
If the collector resistor decreases to zero in a base-biased circuit,...
In a silicon diode the reverse current is usually
If the depletion layer gets wider, the capacitance
To isolate an output circuit from an input circuit, which is the...
We want a peak load voltage of 40 V out of a bridge rectifier. What is...
To get the Norton current, you have to
When the light increases, the reverse minority carrier current in a...
Most of the electrons in the base of an npn transistor flow 
If the diode is open in Fig. 3-19, the load voltage is 
If the base resistor is very small, the transistor will operate in the
At high frequencies, ordinary diodes don't work properly because...
In an npn transistor, the majority carriers in the base are
A small collector currentwith zero base current is caused by the...
How many free electrons does a p-type semiconductor contain?
If the base supply voltage increases, the Q point moves
Which of these is the best description of a zener diode?
Which of the following cannot move?
What kind of a device is a diode?
To get the Thevenin voltage, you have to 
If the collector resistor is open, the collector voltage is
How much current is there through the second approximation of a...
An ideal voltage source and an internal resistance is an example of...
Most of the electrons that flow through the base will
What is the peak load voltage out of a bridge rectifier for a...
A real voltage source has 
The device to use for rectifying a weak ac signal is a
The amount of time between the creation of a hole and its...
What is true about the breakdown voltage in a zener diode?
An ideal current source has
The Thevenin voltage is the same as the 
The reverse current consistsof minority-carrier current and
Laws are proved by
If you recalculate the collector-emitter voltage with the second...
Which of the following describes a p-type semiconductor? 
For normal operation of the transistor, the collector diode has to be
How much load current is there in Fig. 3-19 (see your textbook) with...
In an intrinsic semiconductor, the number of free electrons
The power dissipated bya transistor approximately equals the collector...
What causes the depletion layer?
The Thevenin resistance is equal in value to the
Ignoring the bulk resistance of the collector diode, the...
If a load resistance is 1 kohm, a stiff current source has a...
The net charge of a neutral copper atom is
The collector-emitter voltage is usually
Suppose the base resistor is open. The Q point will be
If the base supply voltage is disconnected, the collector-emitter...
The voltage across the zener resistance is usually 
A real current source has 
The load voltage is approximately constant when a zener diode is
If the emitter resistor isopen, the collector voltage is
When the source voltage increases in a zener regulator, which of these...
How much load current is there in Fig. 3-19 with the third...
Line voltage may be from 105 V rms to 125 rms in a half-wave...
A conductor has how many holes?
If the load current is 5 mAand the filter capacitance is 1000uF, what...
A transistor acts like a diode and a 
Thevenin's theorem replaces a complicated circuit facing a load by an
When the reverse voltage increases, the capacitance
Most of the electrons inthe base of an npn transistor do not recombine...
How many protons does the nucleus of a silicon atom contain?
Each valence electron in an intrinsic semiconductor establishes a
In the active region, the collector current is not changed...
If a load resistance is 1 kohm, a stiff voltage source has a...
If the resistor is ungrounded in Fig. 3-19, the voltage measured with...
Which of the following describes an n-type semiconductor?
If the series resistance decreases in an unloaded zener regulator, the...
When there is no base current in a transistor switch, the output...
The ideal diode is usually adequate when
Surface-leakage current is part of the 
The only time you have to use the third approximation is when
If the filtered load currentis 10 mA, which of the following has a...
If the emitter resistance decreases, the
When a free electron recombines with a hole in the base region, the...
A p-type semiconductor contains holes and
If the base resistor isshorted, the transistor will probably be
How much load current is there in Fig. 3-19 (see your textbook) with...
When the base resistor decreases, the collector voltage will probably
How many electrons are there in the valence orbit of a silicon atom...
When the current gain increases from 50 to 300 in an emitter-biased...
When a voltage is applied to a semiconductor, holes will flow
The graph of current gain versus collector-current indicates that the...
In the second approximation, the total voltage across the zener diode...
When the Q point moves along the load line, the voltage increases when...
A shorted resistor has 
The capacitance of a varactor diode increases when the reverse voltage...
Increasing the collector supply voltage will increase 
The load voltage measures zero in Fig. 3-19. The trouble may be 
If a transistor operates at the middle of the load line, an increase...
With the same secondary voltage and filter, which produces the least...
How much forward diode voltage is there with the ideal-diode...
The first step in analyzing emitter-based circuits is to find...
If the load resistance decreases in a zener regulator, the series...
If the emitter resistance decreases, the collector voltage
The base-emitter voltage ofan ideal transistor is
If the load resistance decreases in a zener regulator, the zener...
As the temperature increases, the current gain
When the collector current increases, what does the current gain do?
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