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1. Which is the most widely used semiconductor?

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2. To produce a large forward current in a silicon diode, the applied voltage must be greater than

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3. How much voltage is there across the second approximation of a silicon diode when it is forward biased? 

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4. Definitions are

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5. Which of the following is approximately equal to room temperature? 

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6. If the base resistor is open, what is the collector current?

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7. Trivatent atoms have howmany valence electrons?

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8. In a step-down transformer, which is larger?

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9. The flow of valence electrons to the left means that holes are flowing to the

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10. What is the barrier potential of a silicon diode at room temperature?

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11. If the zener diode in a zener regulator is connected with the wrong polarity, the load voltage will be closest to

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12. The current gain of a transistor is defined as the ratio of the collector current to the

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13. With a half-wave rectified voltage across the load resistor, load current flows for what part of a cycle? 

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14. A cold-solder joint 

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15. If N1/N2 = 2, and the primary voltage is 120 V, what is the secondary voltage? 

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16. To display the digit 8 ina seven-segment indicator, 

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17. What is one important thing transistors do?

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18. Who invented the first junction transistor?

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19. When a diode is forward-biased, the recombination of free electrons and holes may produce 

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20. The device associated with voltage-controlled capacitance is a

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21. An intrinsic semiconductor has some holes in it at room temperature. What causes these holes? 

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22. The barrier potential across each silicon depletion layer is 

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23. The base of an npn transistor is thin and

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24. A circuit with a fixed emitter current is called

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25. The number of free electrons and holes in an intrinsic semiconductor increases when the temperature

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26. What is the peak load voltage in a full-wave rectifier if the secondary voltage is 20 V rms?

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27. A zener diode 

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28. The diode with a forward voltage drop of approximately 0.25 V is the 

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29. The current gain of a transistor is the ratio of the 

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30. Derivations are 

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31. The valence electron of a conductor is also called a

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32. Treating a connecting wire as a conductor with zero resistance is an example of the 

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33. An external voltage source is applied to a p-type semiconductor. If the left end of the crystal is positive, which way do the majority carriers flow?

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34. What kind of device is a resistor?

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35. How is a nonconducting diode biased?

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36. With a full-wave rectified voltage across the load resistor, load current flows for what part of a cycle? 

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37. A transistor has how many doped regions?

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38. The fact that only a few holes are in the base region means the base is 

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39. A conductor has how many types of flow?

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40. When the diode current is large, the bias is 

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41. In a normally biased npn transistor, the electrons in the emitter have enough energy to overcome the barrier potential of the  

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42. The base-emitter voltage of the second approximation is 

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43. One way to short a device is 

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44. Which of the following doesn't fit in the group?

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45. Diffusion of free electrons across the junction of an unbiased diode produces 

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46. An open resistor has

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47. At room temperature an intrinsic silicon crystal acts approximately like 

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48. Holes act like

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49. The second approximation works well when

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50. The nucleus of a copper atom contains how many protons?

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51. What is the most important fact about the collector current?

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52. Assume the valence electron is removed from a copper atom. The net charge of the atom becomes 

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53. How many valence electrons does a silicon atom  have?

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54. Suppose an intrinsic semiconductor has 1 billion free electrons at room temperature. If the temperature changes to 75'C, how many holes are there?

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55. If the filter capacitance is increased, the ripple will

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56. The emitter diode is usually 

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57. Three different Q points are shown on a load line. The upper Q point represents the

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58. The Norton current is sometimes called the

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59. Absolute zero temperature equals

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60. The voltage out of a bridge rectifier is a

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61. A blown-fuse indicator uses a 

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62. For typical operation, you need to use reverse bias with a

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63. A solder bridge

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64. A semiconductor has how many types of flow? 

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65. With the same secondary voltage and filter, which has the most ripple?

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66. The voltage out of an ideal voltage source 

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67. At room temperature an intrinsic semiconductor has 

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68. When the reverse voltage increases from 5 to 10 V, the depletion layer

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69. When the graph of current versus voltage is a straight line, the device is referred to as

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70. If the line voltage is 115 V rms, a turns ratio of 5: 1 means the rms secondary voltage is closest to

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71. If the secondary voltage increases in a bridge rectifier with a capacitor-input filter, the load voltage will

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72. The current out of an ideal current source

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73. The valence electron of a copper atom experiences what kind of attraction toward the nucleus? 

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74. A donor atom has how many valence electrons?

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75. Silver is the best conductor. How many valence electrons do you think it has?

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76. If the bulk resistance is zero, the graph above the knee becomes

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77. If line frequency is 60 Hz, the output frequency of a half-wave rectifier is 

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78. The varactor is usually 

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79. If the base current is 100 mA and the current gain is 30, the collector current is 

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80. The base current is 50 microamp. If the current gain is 125, the collector current is closest in value to

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81. An ideal voltage source has

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82. The merging of a free electron and a hole is called 

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83. The voltage where avalanche occurs is called the

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84. A transformer has a turns ratio of 4: 1. What is the peak secondary voltage if 115 V rms is applied to the primary winding?

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85. A photodiode is normally

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86. If the current gain is 200 and the collector current is 100 mA, the base current is

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87. The base-emitter voltage is usually

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88. Holes are the minority carriers in which type of semiconductor?

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89. In a loaded zener regulator, which is the largest current?

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90. Which of the following has a negative-resistance region?

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91. The collector current is 10 mA. If the current gain is 100, the base current is 

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92. If line frequency is 60 Hz, the output frequency of a bridge rectifier is 

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93. The diodes in a bridge rectifier each have a maximum dc current rating of 2 A. This means the dc load current can have a maximum value of

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94. Norton's theorem replaces a complicated circuit facing a load by an

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95. Silicon atoms combine into an orderly pattern called a

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96. At absolute zero temperature an intrinsic semiconductor has 

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97. Breakdown does not destroy a zener diode provided the zener current is less than the 

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98. Positive ions are atoms that have

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99. The knee voltage of a diode is approximately equal to the

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100. If you wanted to produce a p-type semiconductor, which of these would you use? 

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101. The bulk resistance of a 1N4001 is 

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102. What is the PIV across each diode of a bridge rectifier with a secondary voltage of 20 V rms?

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103. If a transistor operates at the middle of the load line, an increase in the current gain will move the Q point 

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104. In a silicon diode the reverse current is usually

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105. We want a peak load voltage of 40 V out of a bridge rectifier. What is the approximate rms value of secondary voltage? 

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106. If the depletion layer gets wider, the capacitance

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107. To isolate an output circuit from an input circuit, which is the device to use? 

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108. If the collector resistor decreases to zero in a base-biased circuit, the load line will become 

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109. To get the Norton current, you have to

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110. If the diode is open in Fig. 3-19, the load voltage is 

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111. When the light increases, the reverse minority carrier current in a photodiode 

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112. Most of the electrons in the base of an npn transistor flow 

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113. If the base resistor is very small, the transistor will operate in the

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114. How many free electrons does a p-type semiconductor contain?

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115. At high frequencies, ordinary diodes don't work properly because of 

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116. In an npn transistor, the majority carriers in the base are

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117. A small collector currentwith zero base current is caused by the leakage current of the

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118. To get the Thevenin voltage, you have to 

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119. An ideal voltage source and an internal resistance is an example of the 

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120. Which of the following cannot move?

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121. What kind of a device is a diode?

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122. How much current is there through the second approximation of a silicon diode when it is reverse biased?

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123. What is the peak load voltage out of a bridge rectifier for a secondary voltage of 15 V rms? (Use second approximation.)

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124. Which of these is the best description of a zener diode?

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125. Most of the electrons that flow through the base will

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126. If the base supply voltage increases, the Q point moves

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127. If the collector resistor is open, the collector voltage is

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128. A real voltage source has 

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129. The amount of time between the creation of a hole and its disappearance is called

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130. The device to use for rectifying a weak ac signal is a

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131. An ideal current source has

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132. The Thevenin voltage is the same as the 

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133. Laws are proved by

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134. The reverse current consistsof minority-carrier current and

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135. What is true about the breakdown voltage in a zener diode?

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136. If you recalculate the collector-emitter voltage with the second approximation, the answer will usually be 

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137. In an intrinsic semiconductor, the number of free electrons

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138. Which of the following describes a p-type semiconductor? 

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139. How much load current is there in Fig. 3-19 (see your textbook) with the second approximation? 

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140. For normal operation of the transistor, the collector diode has to be

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141. The power dissipated bya transistor approximately equals the collector current times

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142. What causes the depletion layer?

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143. The Thevenin resistance is equal in value to the

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144. Ignoring the bulk resistance of the collector diode, the collector-emitter saturation voltage is

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145. If a load resistance is 1 kohm, a stiff current source has a resistance of

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146. The net charge of a neutral copper atom is

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147. The collector-emitter voltage is usually

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148. A real current source has 

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149. A conductor has how many holes?

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150. How much load current is there in Fig. 3-19 with the third approximation?

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151. Line voltage may be from 105 V rms to 125 rms in a half-wave rectifier. With a 5:1 step-down transformer, the maximum peak load voltage is closest to 

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152. If the load current is 5 mAand the filter capacitance is 1000uF, what is the peak-to-peak ripple out of a bridge rectifier?

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153. The voltage across the zener resistance is usually 

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154. The load voltage is approximately constant when a zener diode is

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155. When the source voltage increases in a zener regulator, which of these currents remains approximately constant?

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156. A transistor acts like a diode and a 

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157. Suppose the base resistor is open. The Q point will be

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158. If the base supply voltage is disconnected, the collector-emitter voltage will equal

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159. If the emitter resistor isopen, the collector voltage is

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160. Thevenin's theorem replaces a complicated circuit facing a load by an

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161. How many protons does the nucleus of a silicon atom contain?

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162. Each valence electron in an intrinsic semiconductor establishes a

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163. When the reverse voltage increases, the capacitance

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164. Most of the electrons inthe base of an npn transistor do not recombine because they

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165. In the active region, the collector current is not changed significantly by

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166. If a load resistance is 1 kohm, a stiff voltage source has a resistance of 

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167. If the resistor is ungrounded in Fig. 3-19, the voltage measured with a DMM between the top of the resistor and ground is closest to

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168. Which of the following describes an n-type semiconductor?

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169. The ideal diode is usually adequate when

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170. If the series resistance decreases in an unloaded zener regulator, the zener current 

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171. When there is no base current in a transistor switch, the output voltage from the transistor is 

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172. Surface-leakage current is part of the 

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173. The only time you have to use the third approximation is when

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174. If the filtered load currentis 10 mA, which of the following has a diode current of 10 mA?

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175. When a free electron recombines with a hole in the base region, the free electron becomes

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176. If the emitter resistance decreases, the

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177. A p-type semiconductor contains holes and

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178. How much load current is there in Fig. 3-19 (see your textbook) with the ideal diode?

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179. When the base resistor decreases, the collector voltage will probably

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180. If the base resistor isshorted, the transistor will probably be

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181. How many electrons are there in the valence orbit of a silicon atom within a crystal? 

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182. When a voltage is applied to a semiconductor, holes will flow

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183. The graph of current gain versus collector-current indicates that the current gain

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184. When the current gain increases from 50 to 300 in an emitter-biased circuit, the collector current 

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185. A shorted resistor has 

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186. In the second approximation, the total voltage across the zener diode is the sum of-the breakdown voltage and the voltage across the 

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187. When the Q point moves along the load line, the voltage increases when the collector current 

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188. The load voltage measures zero in Fig. 3-19. The trouble may be 

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189. The capacitance of a varactor diode increases when the reverse voltage across it

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190. Increasing the collector supply voltage will increase 

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191. With the same secondary voltage and filter, which produces the least load voltage?

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192. If a transistor operates at the middle of the load line, an increase in the base resistance will move the Q point 

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193. How much forward diode voltage is there with the ideal-diode approximation? 

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194. The first step in analyzing emitter-based circuits is to find the   

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195. If the load resistance decreases in a zener regulator, the series current 

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196. If the emitter resistance decreases, the collector voltage

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197. The base-emitter voltage ofan ideal transistor is

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198. If the load resistance decreases in a zener regulator, the zener current 

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199. As the temperature increases, the current gain

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200. When the collector current increases, what does the current gain do?

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Which is the most widely used semiconductor?
To produce a large forward current in a silicon diode, the applied...
How much voltage is there across the second approximation of a silicon...
Definitions are
Which of the following is approximately equal to room...
If the base resistor is open, what is the collector current?
Trivatent atoms have howmany valence electrons?
In a step-down transformer, which is larger?
The flow of valence electrons to the left means that holes are flowing...
What is the barrier potential of a silicon diode at room temperature?
If the zener diode in a zener regulator is connected with the wrong...
The current gain of a transistor is defined as the ratio of the...
With a half-wave rectified voltage across the load resistor, load...
A cold-solder joint 
If N1/N2 = 2, and the primary voltage is 120 V, what is the secondary...
To display the digit 8 ina seven-segment indicator, 
What is one important thing transistors do?
Who invented the first junction transistor?
When a diode is forward-biased, the recombination of free electrons...
The device associated with voltage-controlled capacitance is a
An intrinsic semiconductor has some holes in it at room temperature....
The barrier potential across each silicon depletion layer is 
The base of an npn transistor is thin and
A circuit with a fixed emitter current is called
The number of free electrons and holes in an intrinsic semiconductor...
What is the peak load voltage in a full-wave rectifier if the...
A zener diode 
The diode with a forward voltage drop of approximately 0.25 V is...
The current gain of a transistor is the ratio of the 
Derivations are 
The valence electron of a conductor is also called a
Treating a connecting wire as a conductor with zero resistance is an...
An external voltage source is applied to a p-type semiconductor. If...
What kind of device is a resistor?
How is a nonconducting diode biased?
With a full-wave rectified voltage across the load resistor, load...
A transistor has how many doped regions?
The fact that only a few holes are in the base region means the base...
A conductor has how many types of flow?
When the diode current is large, the bias is 
In a normally biased npn transistor, the electrons in the emitter have...
The base-emitter voltage of the second approximation is 
One way to short a device is 
Which of the following doesn't fit in the group?
Diffusion of free electrons across the junction of an unbiased diode...
An open resistor has
At room temperature an intrinsic silicon crystal acts approximately...
Holes act like
The second approximation works well when
The nucleus of a copper atom contains how many protons?
What is the most important fact about the collector current?
Assume the valence electron is removed from a copper atom. The net...
How many valence electrons does a silicon atom  have?
Suppose an intrinsic semiconductor has 1 billion free electrons at...
If the filter capacitance is increased, the ripple will
The emitter diode is usually 
Three different Q points are shown on a load line. The upper Q point...
The Norton current is sometimes called the
Absolute zero temperature equals
The voltage out of a bridge rectifier is a
A blown-fuse indicator uses a 
For typical operation, you need to use reverse bias with a
A solder bridge
A semiconductor has how many types of flow? 
With the same secondary voltage and filter, which has the most ripple?
The voltage out of an ideal voltage source 
At room temperature an intrinsic semiconductor has 
When the reverse voltage increases from 5 to 10 V, the depletion layer
When the graph of current versus voltage is a straight line, the...
If the line voltage is 115 V rms, a turns ratio of 5: 1 means the rms...
If the secondary voltage increases in a bridge rectifier with a...
The current out of an ideal current source
The valence electron of a copper atom experiences what kind of...
A donor atom has how many valence electrons?
Silver is the best conductor. How many valence electrons do you think...
If the bulk resistance is zero, the graph above the knee becomes
If line frequency is 60 Hz, the output frequency of a half-wave...
The varactor is usually 
If the base current is 100 mA and the current gain is 30, the...
The base current is 50 microamp. If the current gain is 125, the...
An ideal voltage source has
The merging of a free electron and a hole is called 
The voltage where avalanche occurs is called the
A transformer has a turns ratio of 4: 1. What is the peak secondary...
A photodiode is normally
If the current gain is 200 and the collector current is 100 mA, the...
The base-emitter voltage is usually
Holes are the minority carriers in which type of semiconductor?
In a loaded zener regulator, which is the largest current?
Which of the following has a negative-resistance region?
The collector current is 10 mA. If the current gain is 100, the base...
If line frequency is 60 Hz, the output frequency of a bridge rectifier...
The diodes in a bridge rectifier each have a maximum dc current rating...
Norton's theorem replaces a complicated circuit facing a load by an
Silicon atoms combine into an orderly pattern called a
At absolute zero temperature an intrinsic semiconductor has 
Breakdown does not destroy a zener diode provided the zener current is...
Positive ions are atoms that have
The knee voltage of a diode is approximately equal to the
If you wanted to produce a p-type semiconductor, which of these would...
The bulk resistance of a 1N4001 is 
What is the PIV across each diode of a bridge rectifier with a...
If a transistor operates at the middle of the load line, an increase...
In a silicon diode the reverse current is usually
We want a peak load voltage of 40 V out of a bridge rectifier. What is...
If the depletion layer gets wider, the capacitance
To isolate an output circuit from an input circuit, which is the...
If the collector resistor decreases to zero in a base-biased circuit,...
To get the Norton current, you have to
If the diode is open in Fig. 3-19, the load voltage is 
When the light increases, the reverse minority carrier current in a...
Most of the electrons in the base of an npn transistor flow 
If the base resistor is very small, the transistor will operate in the
How many free electrons does a p-type semiconductor contain?
At high frequencies, ordinary diodes don't work properly because...
In an npn transistor, the majority carriers in the base are
A small collector currentwith zero base current is caused by the...
To get the Thevenin voltage, you have to 
An ideal voltage source and an internal resistance is an example of...
Which of the following cannot move?
What kind of a device is a diode?
How much current is there through the second approximation of a...
What is the peak load voltage out of a bridge rectifier for a...
Which of these is the best description of a zener diode?
Most of the electrons that flow through the base will
If the base supply voltage increases, the Q point moves
If the collector resistor is open, the collector voltage is
A real voltage source has 
The amount of time between the creation of a hole and its...
The device to use for rectifying a weak ac signal is a
An ideal current source has
The Thevenin voltage is the same as the 
Laws are proved by
The reverse current consistsof minority-carrier current and
What is true about the breakdown voltage in a zener diode?
If you recalculate the collector-emitter voltage with the second...
In an intrinsic semiconductor, the number of free electrons
Which of the following describes a p-type semiconductor? 
How much load current is there in Fig. 3-19 (see your textbook) with...
For normal operation of the transistor, the collector diode has to be
The power dissipated bya transistor approximately equals the collector...
What causes the depletion layer?
The Thevenin resistance is equal in value to the
Ignoring the bulk resistance of the collector diode, the...
If a load resistance is 1 kohm, a stiff current source has a...
The net charge of a neutral copper atom is
The collector-emitter voltage is usually
A real current source has 
A conductor has how many holes?
How much load current is there in Fig. 3-19 with the third...
Line voltage may be from 105 V rms to 125 rms in a half-wave...
If the load current is 5 mAand the filter capacitance is 1000uF, what...
The voltage across the zener resistance is usually 
The load voltage is approximately constant when a zener diode is
When the source voltage increases in a zener regulator, which of these...
A transistor acts like a diode and a 
Suppose the base resistor is open. The Q point will be
If the base supply voltage is disconnected, the collector-emitter...
If the emitter resistor isopen, the collector voltage is
Thevenin's theorem replaces a complicated circuit facing a load by an
How many protons does the nucleus of a silicon atom contain?
Each valence electron in an intrinsic semiconductor establishes a
When the reverse voltage increases, the capacitance
Most of the electrons inthe base of an npn transistor do not recombine...
In the active region, the collector current is not changed...
If a load resistance is 1 kohm, a stiff voltage source has a...
If the resistor is ungrounded in Fig. 3-19, the voltage measured with...
Which of the following describes an n-type semiconductor?
The ideal diode is usually adequate when
If the series resistance decreases in an unloaded zener regulator, the...
When there is no base current in a transistor switch, the output...
Surface-leakage current is part of the 
The only time you have to use the third approximation is when
If the filtered load currentis 10 mA, which of the following has a...
When a free electron recombines with a hole in the base region, the...
If the emitter resistance decreases, the
A p-type semiconductor contains holes and
How much load current is there in Fig. 3-19 (see your textbook) with...
When the base resistor decreases, the collector voltage will probably
If the base resistor isshorted, the transistor will probably be
How many electrons are there in the valence orbit of a silicon atom...
When a voltage is applied to a semiconductor, holes will flow
The graph of current gain versus collector-current indicates that the...
When the current gain increases from 50 to 300 in an emitter-biased...
A shorted resistor has 
In the second approximation, the total voltage across the zener diode...
When the Q point moves along the load line, the voltage increases when...
The load voltage measures zero in Fig. 3-19. The trouble may be 
The capacitance of a varactor diode increases when the reverse voltage...
Increasing the collector supply voltage will increase 
With the same secondary voltage and filter, which produces the least...
If a transistor operates at the middle of the load line, an increase...
How much forward diode voltage is there with the ideal-diode...
The first step in analyzing emitter-based circuits is to find...
If the load resistance decreases in a zener regulator, the series...
If the emitter resistance decreases, the collector voltage
The base-emitter voltage ofan ideal transistor is
If the load resistance decreases in a zener regulator, the zener...
As the temperature increases, the current gain
When the collector current increases, what does the current gain do?
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