Lesson 3 : Newton's Second Law Of Motion
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Determine the accelerations that result when a 12-N net force is applied to a 3-kg object.
- A.
2 m/s/s.
- B.
4 m/s/s.
- C.
6 m/s/s.
Correct Answer
B. 4 m/s/s.Explanation
A 3-kg object experiences an acceleration of 4 m/s/s.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Determine the accelerations that result when a 12-N net force is applied to a 3-kg object.
- A.
4 m/s/s.
- B.
2 m/s/s.
- C.
6 m/s/s.
Correct Answer
B. 2 m/s/s.Explanation
A 6-kg object experiences an acceleration of 2 m/s/s.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A net force of 15 N is exerted on an encyclopedia to cause it to accelerate at a rate of 5 m/s2. Determine the mass of the encyclopedia.
Correct Answer
3 kg
3.0 kgExplanation
Use Fnet= m * a with Fnet = 15 N and a = 5 m/s/s.
So (15 N) = (m)*(5 m/s/s)
And m = 3.0 kgRate this question:
- 4.
Suppose that a sled is accelerating at a rate of 2 m/s2. If the net force is tripled and the mass is doubled, then what is the new acceleration of the sled?
Correct Answer
3 m/s/sExplanation
Answer: 3 m/s/s
The original value of 2 m/s/s must be multiplied by 3 (since a and F are directly proportional) and divided by 2 (since a and m are inversely proportional)Rate this question:
- 5.
Suppose that a sled is accelerating at a rate of 2 m/s2. If the net force is tripled and the mass is halved, then what is the new acceleration of the sled?
Correct Answer
12 m/s/sExplanation
Answer: 12 m/s/s
The original value of 2 m/s/s must be multiplied by 3 (since a and F are directly proportional) and divided by 1/2 (since a and m are inversely proportional)Rate this question:
- 6.
Edwardo applies a 4.25-N rightward force to a 0.765-kg book to accelerate it across a tabletop. The coefficient of friction between the book and the tabletop is 0.410. Determine the acceleration of the book.
Correct Answer
1.54 m/s/s.Explanation
Fgrav = 7.50 N; Fnorm = 7.50 N; Ffrict = 3.07 N; Fnet = 1.18 N, right; a = 1.54 m/s/s, right
The starting point for any problem such as this is the construction of a free-body diagram in which you show all the individual forces which are acting upon the book. There are two vertical forces - gravity and normal force. There are two horizontal forces - friction and the applied force.
Since there is no vertical acceleration, normal force = gravity force. Each of these forces can be determined using the equation Fgrav = m • g = (0.765 kg) • (9.8 m/s/s) = 7.497 N
The force of friction can be determined using the equation Ffrict = mu • Fnorm. So Ffrict = (0.410) • (7.497 N) = (3.0737 ... N)
The Fnet is the vector sum of all the forces: 4.25 N, right plus 3.0737 ... N, left = 1.176... N, right.
Finally, a = Fnet / m = (1.176... N) / (0.765 kg) = 1.54 m/s/s.Rate this question:
- 7.
In a physics lab, Kate and Rob use a hanging mass and pulley system to exert a 2.45 N rightward force on a 0.500-kg cart to accelerate it across a low-friction track. If the total resistance force to the motion of the cart is 0.72 N, then what is the cart's acceleration?
Correct Answer
3.46 m/s/s.Explanation
Fgrav = 4.90 N; Fnorm = 4.90 N; Fnet = 1.73 N, right; a = 3.46 m/s/s, right
The starting point for any problem such as this is the construction of a free-body diagram in which you show all the individual forces which are acting upon the book. There are two vertical forces - gravity and normal force. There are two horizontal forces - friction and the applied force.
Since there is no vertical acceleration, normal force = gravity force. Each of these forces could be determined using the equation Fgrav = m • g = (0.500 kg)•(9.8 m/s/s) = 4.90 N.
The Fnet is the vector sum of all the forces: 2.45 N, right plus 0.72 N, left = 1.73 N, right.
Finally, a = Fnet / m = (1.73. N) / (0.500 kg) = 3.46 m/s/s.Rate this question:
- 8.
If mass (m) and acceleration (a) are known, then the net force (Fnet) can be determined by use of the equation. Fnet = m • a
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because according to Newton's second law of motion, the net force acting on an object is equal to the product of its mass and acceleration. Therefore, if the values of mass and acceleration are known, the net force can be determined using the equation Fnet = m * a.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The process of determining the value of the individual forces acting upon an object involve an application of Newton's second law (Fnet=m•a) and an application of the meaning of the net force.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that determining the value of individual forces acting upon an object indeed involves applying Newton's second law (Fnet=m*a) and understanding the concept of net force. Newton's second law states that the net force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration. By considering the net force and applying this equation, one can determine the value of individual forces acting on the object. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Lee Mealone is sledding with his friends when he becomes disgruntled by one of his friend's comments. He exerts a rightward force of 9.13 N on his 4.68-kg sled to accelerate it across the snow. If the acceleration of the sled is 0.815 m/s/s, then what is the coefficient of friction between the sled and the snow?
- A.
0.125
- B.
0.145
- C.
0.116
- D.
None of the above.
Correct Answer
C. 0.116Explanation
Fgrav = 45.9 N; Fnorm = 45.9 N; Ffrict = 5.32 N; Fnet = 3.81 N, right; mu = 0.116
The starting point for any problem such as this is the construction of a free-body diagram in which you show all the individual forces which are acting upon the book. There are two vertical forces - gravity and normal force. There are two horizontal forces - friction and the applied force.
Since there is no vertical acceleration, normal force = gravity force. Each of these forces can be determined using the equation Fgrav = m • g = (4.68 kg) • (9.8 m/s/s) = 45.864 N
The net force can be determined from knowledge of the mass and acceleration of the sled. Fnet = m • a = (4.68 kg) • (0.815 m/s/s) = 3.8142 N, right.
Since the net force is to the right (in the direction of the applied force), then the applied force must be greater than the friction force. The friction force can be determined using an understanding of net force as the vector sum of all the forces. So 3.81 N, right = 9.13 N, right + Ffrict. Therefore, Ffrict = 5.32 N, left.
The coefficient of friction can now be determined as the ratio of friction force to normal force. "mu" = Ffrict / Fnorm = (5.32 N) / (45.864 N) = 0.116.Rate this question:
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- 11.
In a Physics lab, Ernesto and Amanda apply a 34.5 N rightward force to a 4.52-kg cart to accelerate it across a horizontal surface at a rate of 1.28 m/s/s. Determine the friction force acting upon the cart.
- A.
28.7 N, left
- B.
38.7 N, left
- C.
48.7 N, left
- D.
None of the above.
Correct Answer
A. 28.7 N, leftExplanation
Ffrict = 28.7 N, left
The starting point for any problem such as this is the construction of a free-body diagram in which you show all the individual forces which are acting upon the book. There are two vertical forces - gravity and normal force. There are two horizontal forces - friction and the applied force.
Since there is no vertical acceleration, normal force = gravity force. Each of these forces can be determined using the equation Fgrav = m • g = (4.525 kg) • (9.8 m/s/s) = 44.296 N
The net force can be determined from knowledge of the mass and acceleration of the sled. Fnet = m • a = (4.52 kg) • (1.28 m/s/s) = 5.7856 N, right.
Since the net force is to the right (in the direction of the applied force), then the applied force must be greater than the friction force. The friction force can be determined using an understanding of net force as the vector sum of all the forces. So 5.7856 N, right = 34.5 N, right + Ffrict. Therefore, Ffrict = 28.7 N, left.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Objects that are said to be undergoing free fall, are not encountering a significant force of air resistance; they are falling under the sole influence of gravity.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Objects that are undergoing free fall are not encountering a significant force of air resistance. This means that the only force acting on these objects is gravity, causing them to fall towards the ground. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The ratio (Fnet/m) is sometimes called the gravitational field strength and is expressed as 9.8 N/kg (for a location upon Earth's surface).
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because the ratio Fnet/m, which represents the force experienced by an object per unit mass, is indeed referred to as the gravitational field strength. On Earth's surface, this value is approximately 9.8 N/kg.Rate this question:
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- 14.
A free-body diagram is constructed and the individual forces acting upon the object are identified and calculated.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
A free-body diagram is a visual representation of an object showing all the forces acting on it. By constructing a free-body diagram, we can identify and calculate the individual forces acting on the object. This helps us analyze the motion and equilibrium of the object. Therefore, the statement that a free-body diagram is constructed and the individual forces acting upon the object are identified and calculated is true.Rate this question:
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- 15.
A truck hauls a car cross-country. The truck's mass is 4.00x103 kg and the car's mass is 1.60x103 kg. If the force of propulsion resulting from the truck's turning wheels is 2.50x104 N, then determine the acceleration of the car (or the truck)
- A.
2.46 m/s2
- B.
3.46 m/s2
- C.
4.46 m/s2
- D.
None of the above.
Correct Answer
C. 4.46 m/s2Explanation
a = 4.46 m/s2
The solution here will use the approach of a system analysis and an individual object analysis. The free-body diagrams for the system and for the car are shown below.
For the system: Fnet = 2.50x104 N and msystem = 5.60x103 kg. So
a = Fnet/m = (2.50x104 N) / (5.60x103 kg) = 4.4643 m/s2Rate this question:
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- 16.
A 7.00-kg box is attached to a 3.00-kg box by rope 1. The 7.00-kg box is pulled by rope 2 with a force of 25.0 N. Determine the acceleration of the boxes. The coefficient of friction between the ground and the boxes is 0.120.
- A.
1.32 m/s2
- B.
2.32 m/s2
- C.
6.32 m/s2
- D.
None of the above.
Correct Answer
A. 1.32 m/s2Explanation
a = 1.32 m/s2
The solution here will use the approach of a system analysis and an individual object analysis . The free-body diagrams for the system and for the 3-kg object are shown below.
For the system: Ffrict = μ•Fnorm = 0.120• 98.0 N = 11.76 N
Fnet = 25.0 N - 11.76 N = 13.24 N and msystem = 10.0 kg.
So a = Fnet/m = (13.24 N) / (10.0 kg) = 1.324 m/s2 (round to 1.32 m/s2)Rate this question:
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- 17.
Cognitive scientists (scientists who study how people learn) have shown that physics students come into physics class with a set of beliefs that they are unwilling (or not easily willing) to discard despite evidence to the contrary. These beliefs about motion (known as misconceptions) hinder further learning.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Cognitive scientists have found that physics students often hold onto certain beliefs about motion, known as misconceptions, even when presented with evidence that contradicts these beliefs. These misconceptions can impede their ability to learn and understand physics concepts. Therefore, the statement that cognitive scientists have shown that physics students come into class with these beliefs and that they hinder further learning is true.Rate this question:
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- 18.
To answer the above questions, Newton's second law of motion (Fnet = m•a) will be applied to analyze the motion of objects that are falling under the sole influence of gravity (free fall) and under the dual influence of gravity and air resistance.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that Newton's second law of motion (Fnet = m*a) can be applied to analyze the motion of objects falling under the influence of gravity. This law states that the net force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration. In the case of objects falling under gravity, the force of gravity is the net force acting on the object, and the acceleration is the acceleration due to gravity. Therefore, Newton's second law can be used to analyze the motion of objects falling under gravity. Additionally, the statement mentions that this law can also be applied to objects falling under the dual influence of gravity and air resistance.Rate this question:
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- 19.
According to Newton, an object will only accelerate if there is a net or unbalanced force acting upon it. The presence of an unbalanced force will accelerate an object - changing its speed, its direction, or both its speed and direction.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
According to Newton's first law of motion, an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Therefore, an object will only accelerate if there is a net or unbalanced force acting upon it. This means that the presence of an unbalanced force will cause a change in the object's speed, direction, or both, confirming that the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 20.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
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