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  • 1/12 Questions

    If a parent domain has a grid spacing of 12 km, a possible value for the grid spacing of one of its nests is:

    • Any value less than 12 km
    • 4 km
    • 5 km
    • None of the above
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  • 2. 

    It is possible to have more than one nested domain, with all sharing the same parent.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Multiple child nests do not have to be embedded in each other. It is possible to have several side-by-side within a parent domain.

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  • 3. 

    The terms "one way" and "two way" nesting  refer to:

    • The total number of nests in a domain

    • The number of input domains for WRF (coarse-grid only, or an input file for each domain)

    • Whether the fine-grid domain is feeding information back to the parent domain

    • Smoothing options

    Correct Answer
    A. Whether the fine-grid domain is feeding information back to the parent domain
  • 4. 

    How does the model determine the nest domain's time step?

    • Through the namelist option 'parent_grid_ratio'

    • Through the namelist option 'parent_time_step_ratio'

    • The nest domain uses the same time step as the parent domain

    Correct Answer
    A. Through the namelist option 'parent_time_step_ratio'
  • 5. 

    What is the suggested appropriate integer ratio for a nest domain to use for a real-data application?

    • Any odd number

    • Any even number

    • Odd number less than 7

    Correct Answer
    A. Odd number less than 7
    Explanation
    Odd numbered nest ratios make feedback more accurate (because of the coincident grids). When the nest ratio is too large, it could make model solutions jump too much between the domains.

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  • 6. 

    Which of these is NOT calculated by a land surface model?

    • Heat flux

    • Moisture flux

    • Friction effect

    • Soil-layer temperatures

    • Snow cover

    Correct Answer
    A. Friction effect
    Explanation
    An LSM only computes heat and moisture fluxes, not momentum flux, which is related to frictional effects.

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  • 7. 

    Above which model top level does ozone become an important factor to consider in your radiation scheme?

    • 100 hPa

    • 50 hPa

    • 10 hPa

    Correct Answer
    A. 50 hPa
    Explanation
    Ozone becomes important for model tops above 20km or 50 hPa.

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  • 8. 

    Which one of these grid sizes would be better for LES schemes than PBL schemes?

    • 100 m

    • 1 km

    • 10 km

    Correct Answer
    A. 100 m
    Explanation
    LES is suitable for grid sizes up to about 100 m.

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  • 9. 

    Regarding running long simulations for regional climate, which of these is a FALSE statement?

    • You need to use sst_update to have a time-varying sea-surface temperature and sea ice cover

    • You do not need to use sst_update to have a time-varying vegetation fraction

    • You need to use an LSM that has evolving soil moisture and snow cover

    • You need a wrflowinp file

    Correct Answer
    A. You do not need to use sst_update to have a time-varying vegetation fraction
    Explanation
    Since most of the LSM's do not have a dynamic vegetation (----), the model needs to include vegetation cover from the wrlowinp file so that fluxes from LSM's can be computed.

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  • 10. 

    Which of these options is designed to prevent reflection at the model top?

    • Diff_opt

    • Diff_6th_opt

    • W_damping

    • Damp_opt

    Correct Answer
    A. Damp_opt
    Explanation
    damp_opt is used to prevent unrealistic reflections of waves from the model top. This can be important over high topography.

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  • 11. 

    In a simulation with a PBL scheme, which km_opt is most appropriate?

    • Constant K: km_opt = 1

    • TKE-calculated K: km_opt = 2

    • 3D Smagorinsky K: km_opt = 3

    • 2D horizontal Smagorinsky K: km_opt = 4

    Correct Answer
    A. 2D horizontal Smagorinsky K: km_opt = 4
    Explanation
    This is because vertical mixing is considered in a PBL.

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  • 12. 

    When running in LES mode, diff_opt = 2 should be combined with which K option?

    • Any km_opt

    • 2D Smagorinsky: km_opt = 4

    • TKE or 3D Smagorinsky: km_opt = 2 or 3

    • Constant K: km_opt = 1

    Correct Answer
    A. TKE or 3D Smagorinsky: km_opt = 2 or 3
    Explanation
    See "Physics" slides

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  • Jul 22, 2016
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Jan 21, 2016
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