The atmosphere
Lakes and rivers
Groundwater
Rocks & minerals
Calcite
Quartz
Feldspars
Clay minerals
Constant temperature year round
Rarely contains dissolved constituents
Rarely contains suspended sediment
Supply is independent of short droughts
The channel is above the local water table year round
The local water table is above the channel bottom year round
The channel bottom and the water table are constantly at the exact same level
Precipitation is such that the water table remains constant throughout the year
A boundary between unsaturated bedrock and an underground river
A boundary between unsaturated bedrock below and saturated bedrock above
An underground mass of partly saturated rock
A boundary between saturated rock below and unsaturated rock above
Potability
Portability
Permeosity
Permeability
High porosity and high permeability
Low permeability and high potability
High potability and high portability
Low porosity and low permeability
A horizontal aquitard above the regional water table lies below an aquifer
An aquifer above the regional water table is overlain by a horizontal aquitard
An aquifer below the regional water table is underlain by a horizontal aquitard
An aquitard below the regional water table lies above a horizontal aquifer D) a
The water is warm, fairly saline, and recharged by an affluent stream
Pressurized groundwater rises from a deep, unsaturated aquifer
Water rises above the top of the aquifer without any pumping
The well is horizontal and the water table is perched
The water table in the recharge area is at a higher elevation than the top of the aquifer in the subsurface.
Upward flow from a permeable aquitard is prevented by a confining aquifer.
The pressure at any point in the aquifer is considerably less than the weight of the water column between the point and the top of the aquifer.
In deep, stream-cut valleys, many springs are fed from artesian aquifers.
The water table to drop or decline in elevation
An influent stream to become an effluent stream
Expansion of the dewatered aquifer
Porosity in the aquifer to increase as the water is removed
Unconsolidated medium-grained sand; sand grains are coated with clay minerals
Sandstone; well-cemented with a few, widely spaced vertical fractures
Lakebeds; unconsolidated very fine-grained sand and silt
Limestone; numerous solution channels and fractures widened by dissolution
The caves formed and later the water table rose.
A nearby, downcutting stream lowered the water table after the caves had formed.
Streams formerly flowing on the surface were diverted into the groundwater system through sinkholes.
The main water table is perched above the cavern roofs, allowing air to enter.
Gasoline and kerosene would float on the watertable; ethyl alcohol would dissolve and disperse in the groundwater.
Gasoline and kerosene would float on the water table, but most pesticides break down chemically when they reach the water table.
Sulfuric and nitric acids would sink to the bottom of the aquifer; kerosene would accumulate as a layer just below the water table.
All of the above hazardous substances would dissolve into the groundwater.
Stalandite
Stalactite
Stalagmite
Slagdite
Streams flowing into depressions and continuing underground
Perched water table springs on hillsides
Numerous artesian wells in a given area
Perennial, influent streams fed by large springs
The cave roof was below the water table when the speleothems formed.
The cave floor was above the water table and the roof was below the water table when the speleothems formed.
The cave roof was above the water table when the speleothems formed.
The cave roof was below the water table sometime after the speleothems had formed.
Water for livestock and poultry
Domestic and municipal supplies
Industrial uses
Agriculture and irrigation
The drawdown is the diameter of the cone of depression measured at the elevation of the original water table.
The drawdown is the percentage of available water in the aquifer that has already been used.
Drawdown is the distance between the original water table and the water level in the well.
There is no relationship between drawdown and the cone of depression.
Shale
Rhyolite
Limestone
Quartzite
Wells drilled below sea level will produce only saline water.
The water table must be 40 feet above sea level to keep the salty water in the aquifer below sea level.
Any salty water in the aquifer will rise if the water table is lowered by pumping.
Pumping freshwater from one, large capacity well is much less likely to cause salty water to rise in the aquifer than pumping from several, widely spaced, smaller capacity wells.
Lies above the water table
Pore spaces are filled with water
Is a well-oxygenated, shallow aquifer
Lies below the capillary fringe zone
Porosity head
Hydro competency
Affluent decline
Hydraulic gradient
The porous and permeable, saturated cone of depression in an aquitard
A layer or stratum in which groundwater flows downward to the water table
A saturated, porous, and permeable layer or stratum
An unsaturated, influent-flow bed or stratum below a spring
10 feet
30 meters
20 meters
40 feet
Fractured granite
Well-sorted, coarse gravel
Slightly clayey sand
Limestone with solution channels and caverns
Integrated saturation impulse
Permeability steepness
Pressure gradient or hydraulic gradient
Seepage affluence actor
Depressional withdrawal
Upside-down siphon
Cone of depression
Inverted cone head
An influent stream in a karst area
A stream that downcuts below the water table
A creek that originates as a large spring flowing from a cave
A small creek flowing downslope to the top of a perched water table
Stalactites are deposited from water dripping from the ceiling of an aerated cavern.
Both are composed of calcium carbonate.
Both are forms of dripstone; stalactites hang from the ceiling, stalagmites grow upward from the cavern floor.
Stalagmites form on the floors of caves below the water table.
The well penetrates an aquifer overlain by an aquitard.
The well penetrates an aquifer underlain by an impermeable bed.
The aquifer is generally inclined, and it is saturated to an elevation above the point where the well penetrates the aquifer.
When the well penetrates the aquifer, the water rises to the bottom of the aquitard above the aquifer.
Permeability
Space yield
Porosity
Saturation index
The Republic of Slovenia, a province of the former Yugoslavia
Eastern Canada in areas of fractured igneous and metamorphic rocks
India near the southern foothills of the Himalayan Mountains
Australia for the extremely dry interior area near Ayres Rock and Alice Springs
Geyserite
Dripstone
Stalactite
Stalagmite
Boundary between the saturated zone above and partly saturated zone below
Bottom boundary surface of the saturated zone above an aquitard
Boundary between the aerated zone above and saturated zone below
Boundary between the aerated and unsaturated zones
Water suddenly boils in disconnected voids and cracks above the water table, causing the aquifer to explosively fragment.
Water slowly boils in a network of vertical cracks above the water table, sending up a plume of steam and hot water.
Water below the water table slowly boils in a vertical crack or natural conduit, causing a plume of condensed water vapor to rise above the vent.
With a slight reduction in pressure, water in a saturated, natural conduit suddenly boils, sending a plume of steam and hot water into the air above the vent.
Yosemite National Park, U. S.
Geysers Artesian Park, Japan
Iceland's Groundwater Preserve
Yellowstone National Park, U. S.
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