Ear 111 Practice Final

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Questions: 57 | Attempts: 117 | Updated: Mar 28, 2024

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Mar 28, 2024

Quiz Edited by
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Dec 12, 2011

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Ear 111 Practice Final

­­_________best describes the process of understanding climate change

Warmer climate -> more evaporation -> more water vapor -> greenhouse effect; this process is a ___ feedback leading to ___ climate

Over 100 Myr time scale, the most important source of atmospheric C02 is _____

For deriving the temperature of the geologic past, there are four basic steps: i. Establish modern calibration ii. Calculate paleo-T iii. Collect fossil data iv. Cross checking between proxies What is the correct order for them _______

Temperature has been ____ in the last 50 Myr

______is not one of the main orbital cycles that affect glacial cycles.

Based on the 180 record, the transition between 41 kyr cycle and 100 kyr cycle happened roughly at ______ million years ago

Oxygen minimum zone refers to the water depth where organic matters are ____ and nutrients are _____

____is the correct order of deep water oxygen level from high to low

During glacial periods, part of atmospheric carbon was stored in____

LGM refers to a period of ____

LGM was approximately _____ kyr ago

Summer insolation during LGM is ____ today’s

According to CLIMAP reconstruction, global sea surface temperature (SST) during LGM was generally ____ than today’s SST in most ocean basins, except for large areas

Canada was covered by _____ ice sheet during LGM

In the figure on the left, darker color shows the temperature and precipitation range for higher spruce population. The figure on right indicates that this core likely recorded _____ conditions from 13 to 10 kyr.

Figure on the right shows that recent alkenone-based tropical sea surface temperature for LGM are lower than the CLIMAP estimates. It somewhat explains the debate of warm tropics by indicating that______

The history of N. American ice sheet retreat was revealed by radiocarbon dating of _

Sea level curve on the right shows that the speed of glacial melting was highest at ___ years ago among

Summer insolation was highest around 10ka (since LGM) but rapid sea level rise started before that time because ____

Two pulses were found for global-average ice-sheet melting rate based on____

_____value in foram is a convincing evidence of local meltwater event.

Paleoceanographer Wally Brocker proposed that meltwater from the N.American ice sheet drained into N. Atlantic and stopped the thermohaline circulation during ____

The leading hypothesis to explain millennial oscillations in high resolution ice-core records is ____

____hypothesis states that long-term drying of Africa turned rain forests into grass lands, influencing early human evolution. The evidence comes from C13 changes that were related to the shift from ____ vegetation.

The reversal in CO2 and CH4 trends around 8-5 ka is related to _____

The collapse of Tang Dynasty and Mongol empire in China coincided with ____

The disappearing of Mayan was suggested to be related to ____ by climatologist

Lichens on Canadian Baffin island were killed during Little Ice Age due to the lack of

This record of Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age was obtained____

Tree rings are very useful climate records for many reasons but ___ is not one of them

____does not describe typical El Nino conditions in tropical Pacific ocean

El nino was more frequent at ______, among the following time periods

____is not one of the effects of warming since 1800.

___signals of the air clearly indicate the rising CO2 is caused by fossil fuel burning

A comparison of temperature patterns within the atmosphere between the observation and the model calculations clearly indicate that ____ is the cause of most recent

Recent ocean acidification is caused by ____

pH of normal seawater is around_____

Due to chemical equilibrium, atmospheric CO2 dissolving in seawater first becomes:

On planet X, most conditions are similar to those on Earth, except that the pH of seawater is around 7. If there was a large scale methane release into the atmosphere, the proportion of carbonate ion would ___ and bicarbonate ion would___.

In a higher CO2 world, biological calcification becomes ____ and carbonate dissolution becomes _____

An example of severe ocean acidification due to rapid C release in geological history is____

Tolerance of low oxygen condition in marine animal is _____

____ocean has the largest volume of suboxic water

Oxygen utilization in seawater is mostly due to ____

Shallow hypoxic depth of N Pacific is largely due to ____

______is not one of the major control of O2 level beneath the surface ocean

Figure below shows human footprint correlate with recent hypoxic events because of ______pollution

Strong ocean deoxygenation events in the past left ___ in geological deposits

Glacial-interglacial CO2 fluctuations are roughly between 200 and 280 ppm. The current atmospheric CO2 level is about ___ ppm above the interglacial maximum value.

_________best describes the process of understanding climate change

Warmer climate -> more evaporation -> more water vapor -> greenhouse effect; this process is a _ feedback leading to _ climate

Oxygen minimum zone refers to the water depth where organic matters are and nutrients are _

hypothesis states that long-term drying of Africa turned rain forests into grass lands, influencing early human evolution. The evidence comes from C13 changes that were related to the shift from vegetation.

On planet X, most conditions are similar to those on Earth, except that the pH of seawater is around 7. If there was a large scale methane release into the atmosphere, the proportion of carbonate ion would _ and bicarbonate ion would_.

In a higher CO2 world, biological calcification becomes and carbonate dissolution becomes _