Diagnosis Quiz

Explanation
The incidence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in hemorrhagic strokes is 60%, while in ischemic strokes it is 34%. This means that CMBs are more commonly seen in hemorrhagic strokes compared to ischemic strokes.

Explanation
The recommended dosage of CYSCOLIN per day is between 500mg to 1000mg. This range allows for flexibility in dosing based on individual needs and response to the medication. It ensures that patients receive an adequate amount of the drug without exceeding the maximum safe dosage.

Explanation
The risk factors for cerebral microbleeds (CMB) include a history of hypertension, total cholesterol levels, smoking, and advancing age. These factors contribute to the development of CMB by affecting the blood vessels in the brain. Hypertension can lead to damage and weakening of blood vessels, making them more prone to bleeding. High levels of total cholesterol can promote the formation of fatty plaques in the blood vessels, increasing the risk of vessel rupture. Smoking can also damage blood vessels and impair blood flow. Advancing age is associated with natural degeneration of blood vessels, making them more susceptible to bleeding.

Explanation
The frontal lobe is responsible for motor activities and controls voluntary movements. It is located at the front of the brain and is involved in higher cognitive functions such as problem-solving, decision-making, and planning. This lobe also plays a crucial role in personality, emotions, and social behavior.

Explanation
The statement is true because a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) is a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain, which causes temporary neurological symptoms. These symptoms usually resolve within 24 hours, leaving no lasting clinical deficit. However, it is important to note that a TIA is often a warning sign of an impending stroke and should be taken seriously, as prompt medical attention and treatment can help prevent a future stroke.

Explanation
The clinical manifestations of a stroke include trouble walking, weakness on one side, trouble seeing, and trouble speaking. These symptoms occur due to a disruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to damage in specific areas. Trouble walking may be caused by a loss of coordination and balance, while weakness on one side is a result of damage to the motor areas of the brain. Trouble seeing can occur due to damage in the visual processing centers, and trouble speaking may be caused by damage to the language centers of the brain.

Explanation
Cyscolin is recommended in acute stroke, recurrent stroke, and TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury) because it is a medication that helps to prevent blood clots from forming or getting larger. Acute stroke and recurrent stroke are conditions where there is a risk of blood clot formation, and Cyscolin can help reduce this risk. TBI is a condition where there may be damage to blood vessels in the brain, and Cyscolin can help prevent further complications by preventing blood clots. Atrial fibrillation, however, is a condition where the heart beats irregularly, and Cyscolin is not typically recommended for this condition.

Explanation
The correct answer is 24 hours. A meta-analysis suggests that patients with moderate to severe stroke may benefit from medication if it is administered within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms. This indicates that there is a time window within which the medication can be effective in improving outcomes for these patients. Starting the medication within this timeframe may contribute to better recovery and reduced disability.

Explanation
Cyscolin acts by repairing the neuronal membrane through increased synthesis of phosphatidylcholine. This helps in maintaining the integrity and function of the neurons. Additionally, it also repairs damaged cholinergic neurons by enhancing the production of acetylcholine, an important neurotransmitter. It further reduces the build-up of free fatty acids at the site of stroke-induced nerve damage, which can contribute to inflammation and further neuronal damage. Therefore, the correct answer is a combination of all three options provided.

Explanation
The elimination half-life of Cyscolin for urinary excretion is 71 hours. This means that it takes approximately 71 hours for half of the drug to be eliminated from the body through urine. The longer the half-life, the slower the drug is eliminated, indicating that Cyscolin stays in the body for a longer duration.

Explanation
The statement is incorrect. Lacunar stroke is not a type of haemorrhagic stroke. Lacunar stroke is a type of ischemic stroke, which is caused by a blockage in the small blood vessels in the brain. Haemorrhagic stroke, on the other hand, is caused by bleeding in the brain. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

Explanation
30% of patients with stroke have a history of TIA. This means that out of all the patients who have experienced a stroke, 30% of them have previously had a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA). A TIA is a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain, often referred to as a "mini-stroke." This statistic suggests that there is a significant correlation between TIA and the occurrence of a full stroke, indicating that individuals who have had a TIA are at a higher risk of developing a stroke in the future.

Explanation
Atrial fibrillation is responsible for one-third of all strokes and is the leading cause of embolic stroke. Atrial fibrillation is a heart condition where the heart beats irregularly and often too fast, leading to the formation of blood clots in the heart. These blood clots can then travel to the brain and cause a stroke. Therefore, atrial fibrillation is a significant risk factor for strokes and is the leading cause of embolic stroke.

Explanation
"Prodromal symptoms" refer to self-reported symptoms that occur before the onset of a disease or condition. These symptoms are reported by the individual experiencing them and may serve as warning signs or early indicators of a potential illness. Unlike diagnosed symptoms, which are confirmed by medical professionals, prodromal symptoms are based on the individual's own perception and description of their experiences. This term is commonly used in the medical field to describe the early signs and symptoms that may precede the development of a specific condition.

Explanation
Post-stroke patients should be given at least 150mg of Aspirin immediately after brain imaging shows intracranial hemorrhage because Aspirin helps to prevent blood clot formation and reduce the risk of further complications. By administering Aspirin promptly, it can potentially improve the patient's outcome and prevent the formation of additional blood clots. However, it is important to note that this is a general recommendation and individual patient factors should also be considered before administering any medication.