Adv. U.S. History II - Ch. 35 Test - Study And Printing

In 1936, Italy formed an alliance with Germany to create the Rome-Berlin axis. This alliance was a significant political and military partnership between the two countries, aimed at strengthening their cooperation and influence in Europe. The term "axis" refers to the imaginary line around which something rotates or revolves, and in this context, it symbolizes the central axis of power and cooperation between Italy and Germany during that time. The capitalization of "Axis" in the answer emphasizes the importance and significance of this alliance.

The correct answer is "London Economic Conference". In 1933, representatives from 66 nations gathered in London with the aim of coordinating a worldwide effort to combat the Great Depression. The conference was known as the London Economic Conference. The capitalization of the words in the answer does not affect the correctness of the answer.

In 1935, Mussolini invaded Ethiopia with the hope of creating an empire and restoring Italy to its ancient glory. This invasion was part of Mussolini's expansionist policies and desire to establish Italy as a major world power. Ethiopia, at the time, was one of the few remaining independent African nations, and its invasion was seen as an act of aggression and imperialism. Mussolini's invasion of Ethiopia ultimately led to Italy's occupation of the country until 1941, when it was liberated by Allied forces during World War II.

American isolationism refers to the foreign policy approach adopted by the United States in the early 20th century, particularly after World War I. This approach aimed to avoid involvement in international conflicts and focus on domestic issues. The experience of World War I, which resulted in significant loss of life and resources for the United States, played a crucial role in shaping this desire for isolation. The war had a profound impact on American society, and many Americans were determined to avoid similar entanglements in the future. Therefore, the statement that American isolationism was caused partly by the desire to avoid being dragged into a conflict like World War I is true.

The Neutrality Acts of 1935-1937 were a series of laws passed by the United States government to maintain neutrality in international conflicts. These acts prohibited Americans from selling weapons or providing loans to countries involved in war, as well as from traveling on their ships. This was done in an effort to avoid getting entangled in foreign conflicts and to prevent the United States from being seen as taking sides. Therefore, the statement that Americans could not sell weapons or lend money to belligerents nor sail on their ships is true.

The Lend-Lease Act, passed in 1941, allowed the United States to provide military aid to countries fighting against Germany in World War II. This act signaled a shift in U.S. policy from neutrality to active involvement in the war. As a result, the U.S. Navy began engaging in naval clashes with Germany in the Atlantic, as part of their efforts to support the Allied forces. Therefore, the statement that the Lend-Lease Act marked the abandonment of U.S. neutrality and the beginning of naval clashes with Germany in the Atlantic is true.

In the 1930s, Mussolini invaded Ethiopia, Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia, and Franco overthrew the republican government of Spain. These were all examples of fascist aggression during this time period.

The statement is true because Congress did vote in November 1941 to repeal the Neutrality Act of 1939. This repeal allowed merchant ships to be legally armed and enter the combat zone with munitions for Great Britain. This decision was made in support of Britain during World War II, as the United States sought to assist its ally in the conflict.

The United States declared war on Japan after its attack on Pearl Harbor, not the ship Panay. The Panay incident occurred in 1937, when Japanese aircraft bombed and sank the U.S. gunboat Panay in China. However, this incident did not lead to a declaration of war between the United States and Japan. The U.S. entered World War II after the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Therefore, the statement that the United States declared war on Japan after its attack on the ship Panay is false.

The correct answer is "still wanted to keep the United States out of the war". This can be inferred from the context provided in the question, which states that the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was about to happen. The fact that a large majority of Americans still wanted to keep the United States out of the war suggests that they were not yet fully prepared or willing to enter into the conflict.

The Tydings-McDuffie Act, passed in 1934, provided for the independence of the Philippines by 1946. This act set a timetable for the Philippines to transition from being a U.S. territory to a fully independent nation. It granted the Philippines the status of a Commonwealth, which allowed for self-government and the election of their own officials. The act also specified that the United States would retain certain military bases in the Philippines, but overall, it paved the way for the Philippines to become an independent country.

The correct answer is "the 'phony war'". This term refers to the period between the German invasion of Poland in September 1939 and the surrender of France in June 1940. During this time, there was a lack of major military operations on the Western Front, leading to a sense of calm and inaction. It was called the "phony war" because it gave a false sense of security and peace, as both sides were preparing for the upcoming conflict.

The Good Neighbor Policy emphasized the importance of the United States consulting with and refraining from intervening in the affairs of Latin American countries. This policy aimed to improve relations between the United States and its neighbors in the region by promoting mutual respect and cooperation. By stressing nonintervention, the policy sought to address the history of U.S. interference in Latin American affairs and establish a more equal and respectful relationship between the United States and its neighbors to the south.

During the 1930s, the American people responded to the aggressive actions of Germany, Italy, and Japan by retreating further into isolationism. This means that they chose to distance themselves from international conflicts and focus on their own domestic affairs. This response can be attributed to the lingering effects of World War I and the desire to avoid being dragged into another global conflict. The American people believed that by isolating themselves from the world, they could protect their own interests and maintain peace. This stance was reflected in policies such as the Neutrality Acts, which aimed to prevent the United States from becoming entangled in foreign conflicts.

The Neutrality Act of 1939 did not stipulate "cash and carry". In fact, it repealed the previous Neutrality Acts and allowed for the sale of munitions to belligerent nations on a "cash and carry" basis. This meant that countries could purchase weapons from the United States as long as they paid in full and transported the goods on their own ships.

The fall of France in 1940 did not make America more determined to stay neutral. In fact, it had the opposite effect. The fall of France was a significant event that showcased the power of Nazi Germany and the vulnerability of European democracies. It served as a wake-up call for the United States, highlighting the need to take a more active role in the conflict. Following the fall of France, public opinion in America shifted towards a more interventionist stance, and the country began to provide increased support to the Allied powers.

The 1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act increased America's foreign trade. This act allowed the President to negotiate bilateral trade agreements with other countries, reducing tariffs and barriers to trade. By doing so, it aimed to expand international trade and increase American exports. This was in line with FDR's broader economic policy of promoting recovery from the Great Depression and stimulating economic growth. The act was seen as a significant step towards liberalizing global trade and establishing a more open and interconnected global economy.

Choose all that apply

During the period from 1925 to 1940, the American policy on arms sales to warring nations followed a specific sequence. It began with an embargo, which means a complete ban on arms sales. After the embargo, the policy shifted to cash-and-carry, which allowed nations to purchase arms as long as they paid in cash and arranged for their own transportation. Finally, the policy transitioned to lend-lease, which involved the lending or leasing of arms to nations deemed vital to American security. Therefore, the correct sequence is embargo to cash-and-carry to lend-lease.

Germany invaded and took possession of Sudetenland, Austria, France, Poland, Belgium, and Czechoslovakia. These invasions were part of Germany's aggressive expansionist policies leading up to and during World War II. The Sudetenland was annexed by Germany in 1938 as a result of the Munich Agreement, while Austria was forcibly incorporated into Germany in 1938 in the Anschluss. France was invaded in 1940, Poland was invaded in 1939, Belgium was invaded in 1940, and Czechoslovakia was invaded in 1939. These invasions marked significant events in the lead-up to the war and the subsequent occupation of these territories by Nazi Germany.