Can You Pass This Clinical Biochemistry Test? Trivia Quiz

Explanation
Transferrin is a protein that transports iron in the blood. Each transferrin molecule has two binding sites for the ferric cation, allowing it to bind and transport two iron ions at a time. This enables efficient iron transport throughout the body.

Explanation
When the haptoglobin capacity to bind hemoglobin is exhausted, the remaining hemoglobin circulates in the plasma. Haptoglobin is a protein in the blood that binds to free hemoglobin released from red blood cells. It prevents the hemoglobin from causing damage to the kidneys and helps in its removal from the bloodstream. However, when the haptoglobin capacity is overwhelmed, the unbound hemoglobin remains in the plasma, potentially leading to kidney damage and other complications.

Explanation
Fibrinogen is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 340 kDa. Glycoproteins are proteins that have carbohydrates attached to them, and fibrinogen is one such example. It plays a crucial role in blood clotting, as it is converted into fibrin during the clotting process. Fibrinogen is produced by the liver and circulates in the blood, and its presence is necessary for the formation of stable blood clots. Therefore, among the given options, fibrinogen is the correct answer.

Explanation
There are three types of cryoglobulin.

Explanation
Acute Phase Reactants refer to proteins whose concentration in the plasma alters during acute inflammatory involvement. These proteins are synthesized by the liver in response to inflammation and play a crucial role in the body's immune response. They include C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and serum amyloid A, among others. Monitoring the levels of acute phase reactants can help in diagnosing and assessing the severity of inflammatory conditions.

Explanation
The correct answer is Serum Amyloid. Serum Amyloid has a total MW (molecular weight) that falls within the range of 220,000 - 235,000. Procalcitonin, Ferritin, and Cytokines do not have a total MW within this range.

Explanation
Sodium is the major extracellular cation because it is found in higher concentrations outside the cells compared to inside the cells. It plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, transmitting nerve impulses, and regulating muscle contractions. Sodium is also important for maintaining blood pressure and pH levels in the body.

Explanation
Sodium is primarily excreted through the kidneys. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance, including the levels of sodium. They filter the blood and remove excess sodium, which is then excreted in the urine. The skin also plays a minor role in sodium excretion through sweat, but the majority of sodium is eliminated through the kidneys. The anus is not involved in sodium excretion.

Explanation
Hypokalaemia is a condition characterized by low levels of potassium in the blood. Potassium is essential for proper muscle function, and when levels are low, it can lead to muscular weakness. This weakness can manifest as fatigue, cramps, and difficulty in performing physical activities. Therefore, hypokalaemia can cause muscular weakness.

Explanation
The distribution space of Chloride Anion corresponds to 20% of body weight. This means that approximately 20% of the body's total weight is made up of chloride anions.