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Side A ------ Side B Beethoven's roots were ------ Classical Beethoven was a student of ------ Haydn what is the symphony that goes DUN DUN DUN DUN ------ Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 in C Minor scherzo ------ fast, rushing movement in triple meter in the basic minuet-trio form ABA what did Beethoven replace the traditional minuet with ------ scherzo fragmentation ------ two middle pitches of the bridge theme are isolated and echoed between high wind instruments and lower strings Beethoven's years ------ 1770-1827 who named the Romantics ------ themselves what dominated the presentation of music in the 19th century ------ concert hall and opera house lieder ------ german song rubato ------ rhythm is handled flexibly; the meter itself may waver, or else the beat is maintained strictly in the accompaniment while the melody is played or sung slightly out of phase with it. improvised rhythmically describe romantic melody ------ more irregular in rhythm and phrase structure, more spontaneous, range more widely than the orderly, restrained tunes of the classical era, more emotional effusive and demonstrative describe romantic harmony ------ great technical advances, go hand in hand with melody to bring out emotionality chromaticism ------ style that liberally employs all twelve notes of the chromatic scale- expand the expressive range of both their melodies and their harmony describe Romantic tone color ------ new combinations of instruments, blended orchestra sound, instruments went through major technical developments what is program music ------ instrumental music written in association witha poem, a story, or some other literary source what's a nocturne ------ type of program music that attemps to capture the general flavor of a mood with an extramusical condition, concept, or personality miniatures ------ pieces lasting only a few minutes or less- convey a particularly pointed emotion, momentary and undeveloped what's an importnat general principle developed by Romantic composers ------ thematic unity, tendency to maintain some of the same thematic material throughough the work difference between classical variation form and romantic variation ------ theme is much more fragmentary than a tune and the new versions of the theme appear at irregular intervals thematic transformation ------ short themes are freely varied at relatively wide and unpredictable intervals of time lied ------ particular type of German song that evolved in the late 18th century and flourished in the 19th accompaniment of lied ------ a lied is nearly always accompanied by piano alone poetry of lied ------ text of a lied is usually a Romantic poem mood of lied ------ intimate... composers intended lieder for the intimacy of a living room earliest and great master of the lied ------ Franz Schubert who wrote the poem of the Erlking ------ Johann Wolfgag von Goethe through-composed ------ song with later stanzas with different or modified music. strophic ------ song that repeats the same music over and over for all its stanzas song cycle ------ group of songs associated by a common poetic theme or an actual story Name Schubert's two great song cycles ------ Die schone Mullerin (The Fair Maid of the Mill) and Winterreise (Winter Journey) advantage of song cycle ------ extended lied into larger impressive unit- individual songs can be sung separately as well as in sequence with the rest of the cycle Schumann's famous song cycle ------ Dichterliebe Whose wife was a great piano virtuoso ------ Robert Schumann- Clara Schumann name some simple genre titles for character pieces for piano that Chopin preferred ------ nocturne, waltz, scherzo, etude what's a character piece ------ short Romantic piano pieces what did Schubert prefer for his character pieces ------ descriptive titles concert overture ------ never intended to be followed by a stage play or an opera, not intended for the theater what did Hector Berlioz write ------ overtures to literary works of various kinds- plays, long poems, novels etc writer of best known and best loved concert overtures ------ Felix Mendelssohn program symphonies ------ entire symphonies with programs spelle dout movement by movement idee fixe ------ obsession- single theme recur in all the movements as a representation of the musician's beloved who was the greatest of Italian opera composer and dominant figure in 19th century opera houses? ------ Giuseppe Verdi what was Verdi most committed to in his operas? ------ human voice what was Rossini's famous opera buffa ------ Barber of Seville bel canto opera ------ serious operas- glorification of beautiful singing who was the most refined of the three early bel canto composers ------ Vincenzo Bellini who was the founder of German Romantic opera ------ Carl Maria von Weber who dominated Italian bel canto opera after Rossini's sudden retirement? ------ Gaetano Donizetti Who wrote Rigoletto ------ Giuseppe Verdi Start of Romantic opera ------ 1820s what was the source of the Verdi's opera Rigoletto ------ a play by Victor Hugo (The King Amuses Himself) center of musical life in Italy ------ Milan's opera house, La Scala whose name became a patriotic acronym for the popular choice of king during the Italian revolution ------ VERDI what did Verdi do after he retire ------ fine country estate near his birthplace and spent his later years hunting and raising livestock when did Verdi retire ------ after the premiere of Aida in Cairo, Egypt when did Verdi write his two greatest operas- Othello and Falstaff ------ after his publisher coaxed him out of retirement who developed a special operative technique and what was it ------ Wagner; guiding motive- leitmotiv: musical motive associated with some person, thing, idea, or symbol in the drama what word did Wagner coin ------ gesamtkunstwek- total work of art who was the main italian opera composer after Verdi that is said to have brought an end to the great tradition of italian romantic opera ------ Giacomo Puccini what did Puccini specialize in ------ intimate portraits of helpless women in hopeless situations there was a move toward _____ in opera at the end of the 19th century ------ realism symphonic poems ------ one-movement orchestral composition with a program in a free musical form who composed the symphonic poems ------ Franz Liszt name some of Liszt's symphonic poems ------ Hamlet, Orpheus, Prometheus, Les Preludes Who wrote the overture-fantasy Romeo and Juliet ------ Tchaikovsky Was Tchaikovsky a nationalist? ------ no. although his peices may sometimes sound Russian, he was not as devoted a nationalist as other major Russian composers- he was a international composer- concert halls around the world who was Tchaikovsky's patron ------ wealthy reclusive widow named Nadezhda von Meck- never met What was the close group of five Russian nationalist composers ------ kuchka- Mighty Five which German composer turned back to the classicism of the Viennese masters ------ Johannes Brahms Did Brahms compose gradiose works ------ no- the only typical romantic genre he cultivated was the miniature- lied and charactersistic piano piece- never philosophical program symphonies or mythological operas who was the Romantic nostalgia- explain ------ Mahler- ambivalent about Romantic traiditon although he embraced all of it rather than Brahm, huge programs of symphonies- uneasy quality to his music that sets it apart from other late Romantic music- exaggerations were deliberate and self-conscious- distortion etc Theater an de Wein ------ new concert hall in center of city- The first public performance of Beethoven’s newest symphony Symphony No. 3 ------ The Eroica Symphony Went to Vienna to study with Haydn in 1793 ------ Beethoven When did Beethoven start losing his hearing ------ As early as 1800 near age of 30 What did Beethoven write during his retreat in 1802 ------ Heiligenstadt Testament What form is Symphony No.5 in C Minor in ------ - Double Variation Form - Double Variation Form ------ o second, non-varied theme is interpolated within the first theme’s variation - Beethoven’s Form ------ o Five sections followed by a coda o Each section contains at least one of the themes and possibly cadences and transitions as well Beethoven’s Form ------ o First two sections each contain all of the main materials Third movement of Symphony No.5 in C Minor ------ o A scherzo replaces the minuet of the earlier classical era Formally like a minuet, but emotionally much more intense fourth movement of Symphony No.5 in C Minor ------ o Standard sonata form with 4 themes Beethoven’s Third Period ------ - Music loses some of its heroic nature and urgency - Tends to be highly abstractive, introspective, and oddly fragmented Name of Beethoven's huge mass ------ Missa Solemnis Beethoven's focus ------ o Piano sonata and string quartets Beethoven's - String Quartet, Op. 135 ------ o One of his last compositions, o performed not during his lifetime but after his death o Scherzo movement - During _____ last years, Europe was changing from Classical era to Romanticism era ------ Beethoven Rossini, Wagner ------ opera composers Brahms ------ o instrumental music and lieder Chopin: Liszt ------ o piano music Schumann ------ piano music and lieder Berlioz ------ orchestral music Tchaikovsky ------ ballet and instrumental music PLURAL of lied ------ lieder o Erlkonig ------ - Franz Schubert o The Odeon ------ opera house where Harriet Smithson played Ophelia in Hamlet Hector Berlioz's loveeeee ------ Harriet Smithson Marie (Camille) Moke ------ Hector Berlioz's first wife Marie Recio Berlioz ------ Hector Berlioz's mistress when he was married to Harriet Smithson The Dies Irae ------ Gregorian Chant “Day of Wrath” Col Legno ------ using the wood of the bow instead of the hair Sul Ponticello ------ (bowing on the bridge of a string instrument) with bass trill Wind Glissando ------ overblowing · Developed many orchestral effects- found many weird sounds with instruments ------ Hector Berlioz former law student ------ Robert Schumann well established musical journalist -Particularly good about identifying promising new compositional talent ------ Robert Schumann who were the famous artists that Schumann discovered ------ Chopin and Brahms Schumann ruined his piano-playing career with a gizmo ------ o called a chiroplast § Wound up with a nearly useless left hand middle finger Composer that quit ------ Gioachino Rossini o Tended to recycle bits and pieces of failed shows into later ones- especially overtures ------ Gioachino Rossini o Bel canto opera ------ § Singing and singers were everything § Meant to be entertaining and had no message Bel canto opera- Arias ------ § Arias consisted of two parts n Cavatina- slow and lyric shows off singer’s ability to sustain a line n Cabaletta- showy and fast- shows off the singer’s virtuosity § Total failure at its premiere 1816 ------ o The Barber of Seville- Gioachino Rossini o Also retired from composing but went back to it later and produced two supreme masterpieces in his old page ------ - Giusepe Verdi · Specialty of Schumann ------ Character Piece for Piano Schumann's Carnaval:Three selections ------ Eusebius, Florestan, Chiarina Carnival Eusebius ------ The dreamy, poetic side Carnival Florestan ------ Impetuous and dynamic Carnival Chiarina ------ A portait of teenaged Clara Wieck sotto voce ------ under voice Schumann’s Dichterliebe ------ A Poet's Love -love to love lost -unrequited love :'[ Attempted suicide and stuff ------ Schumann’s bipolar disorder Saw himself as a classicist. His pieces were all abstract ------ Chopin Chopin’s Nocturnes form ------ The form is usually a simple A-B-A Blood vessel bursting in his brain from working too hard ------ Felix Mendelssohn A Midsummer Night’s Dream ------ Felix Mendelssohn Established the model of the supervirtuoso celebrity performer ------ Franz Liszt became a monk.. ------ Franz Liszt composer of extremes ------ Gustav Mahler Very bitterly criticized when it first came out Random- funeral march- happy dance music- art song- funeral march ------ Symphony No.1 Funeral March It was based on a children's song ------ Mahler's Symphony No.1 Funeral March first composer to talk to us ------ Brahms had all the techniques of different composers ------ Brahms everyone expected him to be the next Beethoven and wanted him to write a symphony ------ Brahms Sometimes said to be indifferent to the orchestra- indifferent to gratuitous effects ------ Brahms destroyed any second rate works and unfinished pieces cared about the quality of his published music ------ Brahms He really liked cymbals. ------ Tchaikovsky Tended to “recycle” bits and pieces of failed shows into later ones. ------ GIOACHINO ROSSINI Legendary for his laziness ------ GIOACHINO ROSSINI ACT I FINALE of THE BARBER OF SEVILLE ------ Typical opera buffa finale, with massive confusion and everybody onstage Who was Rigoletto ------ the court jester to the Duke of Mantua David Belasco ------ native San Franciscan who became one of the giants of the Broadway stage They wrote two operas together: Madama Butterfly and The Girl of the Golden West, ------ PUCCINI AND BELASCO
Side A ------ Side B Beethoven's roots were ------ Classical Beethoven was a student of ------ Haydn what is the symphony that goes DUN DUN DUN DUN ------ Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 in C Minor scherzo ------ fast, rushing movement in triple meter in the basic minuet-trio form ABA what did Beethoven replace the traditional minuet with ------ scherzo fragmentation ------ two middle pitches of the bridge theme are isolated and echoed between high wind instruments and lower strings Beethoven's years ------ 1770-1827 who named the Romantics ------ themselves what dominated the presentation of music in the 19th century ------ concert hall and opera house lieder ------ german song rubato ------ rhythm is handled flexibly; the meter itself may waver, or else the beat is maintained strictly in the accompaniment while the melody is played or sung slightly out of phase with it. improvised rhythmically describe romantic melody ------ more irregular in rhythm and phrase structure, more spontaneous, range more widely than the orderly, restrained tunes of the classical era, more emotional effusive and demonstrative describe romantic harmony ------ great technical advances, go hand in hand with melody to bring out emotionality chromaticism ------ style that liberally employs all twelve notes of the chromatic scale- expand the expressive range of both their melodies and their harmony describe Romantic tone color ------ new combinations of instruments, blended orchestra sound, instruments went through major technical developments what is program music ------ instrumental music written in association witha poem, a story, or some other literary source what's a nocturne ------ type of program music that attemps to capture the general flavor of a mood with an extramusical condition, concept, or personality miniatures ------ pieces lasting only a few minutes or less- convey a particularly pointed emotion, momentary and undeveloped what's an importnat general principle developed by Romantic composers ------ thematic unity, tendency to maintain some of the same thematic material throughough the work difference between classical variation form and romantic variation ------ theme is much more fragmentary than a tune and the new versions of the theme appear at irregular intervals thematic transformation ------ short themes are freely varied at relatively wide and unpredictable intervals of time lied ------ particular type of German song that evolved in the late 18th century and flourished in the 19th accompaniment of lied ------ a lied is nearly always accompanied by piano alone poetry of lied ------ text of a lied is usually a Romantic poem mood of lied ------ intimate... composers intended lieder for the intimacy of a living room earliest and great master of the lied ------ Franz Schubert who wrote the poem of the Erlking ------ Johann Wolfgag von Goethe through-composed ------ song with later stanzas with different or modified music. strophic ------ song that repeats the same music over and over for all its stanzas song cycle ------ group of songs associated by a common poetic theme or an actual story Name Schubert's two great song cycles ------ Die schone Mullerin (The Fair Maid of the Mill) and Winterreise (Winter Journey) advantage of song cycle ------ extended lied into larger impressive unit- individual songs can be sung separately as well as in sequence with the rest of the cycle Schumann's famous song cycle ------ Dichterliebe Whose wife was a great piano virtuoso ------ Robert Schumann- Clara Schumann name some simple genre titles for character pieces for piano that Chopin preferred ------ nocturne, waltz, scherzo, etude what's a character piece ------ short Romantic piano pieces what did Schubert prefer for his character pieces ------ descriptive titles concert overture ------ never intended to be followed by a stage play or an opera, not intended for the theater what did Hector Berlioz write ------ overtures to literary works of various kinds- plays, long poems, novels etc writer of best known and best loved concert overtures ------ Felix Mendelssohn program symphonies ------ entire symphonies with programs spelle dout movement by movement idee fixe ------ obsession- single theme recur in all the movements as a representation of the musician's beloved who was the greatest of Italian opera composer and dominant figure in 19th century opera houses? ------ Giuseppe Verdi what was Verdi most committed to in his operas? ------ human voice what was Rossini's famous opera buffa ------ Barber of Seville bel canto opera ------ serious operas- glorification of beautiful singing who was the most refined of the three early bel canto composers ------ Vincenzo Bellini who was the founder of German Romantic opera ------ Carl Maria von Weber who dominated Italian bel canto opera after Rossini's sudden retirement? ------ Gaetano Donizetti Who wrote Rigoletto ------ Giuseppe Verdi Start of Romantic opera ------ 1820s what was the source of the Verdi's opera Rigoletto ------ a play by Victor Hugo (The King Amuses Himself) center of musical life in Italy ------ Milan's opera house, La Scala whose name became a patriotic acronym for the popular choice of king during the Italian revolution ------ VERDI what did Verdi do after he retire ------ fine country estate near his birthplace and spent his later years hunting and raising livestock when did Verdi retire ------ after the premiere of Aida in Cairo, Egypt when did Verdi write his two greatest operas- Othello and Falstaff ------ after his publisher coaxed him out of retirement who developed a special operative technique and what was it ------ Wagner; guiding motive- leitmotiv: musical motive associated with some person, thing, idea, or symbol in the drama what word did Wagner coin ------ gesamtkunstwek- total work of art who was the main italian opera composer after Verdi that is said to have brought an end to the great tradition of italian romantic opera ------ Giacomo Puccini what did Puccini specialize in ------ intimate portraits of helpless women in hopeless situations there was a move toward _____ in opera at the end of the 19th century ------ realism symphonic poems ------ one-movement orchestral composition with a program in a free musical form who composed the symphonic poems ------ Franz Liszt name some of Liszt's symphonic poems ------ Hamlet, Orpheus, Prometheus, Les Preludes Who wrote the overture-fantasy Romeo and Juliet ------ Tchaikovsky Was Tchaikovsky a nationalist? ------ no. although his peices may sometimes sound Russian, he was not as devoted a nationalist as other major Russian composers- he was a international composer- concert halls around the world who was Tchaikovsky's patron ------ wealthy reclusive widow named Nadezhda von Meck- never met What was the close group of five Russian nationalist composers ------ kuchka- Mighty Five which German composer turned back to the classicism of the Viennese masters ------ Johannes Brahms Did Brahms compose gradiose works ------ no- the only typical romantic genre he cultivated was the miniature- lied and charactersistic piano piece- never philosophical program symphonies or mythological operas who was the Romantic nostalgia- explain ------ Mahler- ambivalent about Romantic traiditon although he embraced all of it rather than Brahm, huge programs of symphonies- uneasy quality to his music that sets it apart from other late Romantic music- exaggerations were deliberate and self-conscious- distortion etc Theater an de Wein ------ new concert hall in center of city- The first public performance of Beethoven’s newest symphony Symphony No. 3 ------ The Eroica Symphony Went to Vienna to study with Haydn in 1793 ------ Beethoven When did Beethoven start losing his hearing ------ As early as 1800 near age of 30 What did Beethoven write during his retreat in 1802 ------ Heiligenstadt Testament What form is Symphony No.5 in C Minor in ------ - Double Variation Form - Double Variation Form ------ o second, non-varied theme is interpolated within the first theme’s variation - Beethoven’s Form ------ o Five sections followed by a coda o Each section contains at least one of the themes and possibly cadences and transitions as well Beethoven’s Form ------ o First two sections each contain all of the main materials Third movement of Symphony No.5 in C Minor ------ o A scherzo replaces the minuet of the earlier classical era Formally like a minuet, but emotionally much more intense fourth movement of Symphony No.5 in C Minor ------ o Standard sonata form with 4 themes Beethoven’s Third Period ------ - Music loses some of its heroic nature and urgency - Tends to be highly abstractive, introspective, and oddly fragmented Name of Beethoven's huge mass ------ Missa Solemnis Beethoven's focus ------ o Piano sonata and string quartets Beethoven's - String Quartet, Op. 135 ------ o One of his last compositions, o performed not during his lifetime but after his death o Scherzo movement - During _____ last years, Europe was changing from Classical era to Romanticism era ------ Beethoven Rossini, Wagner ------ opera composers Brahms ------ o instrumental music and lieder Chopin: Liszt ------ o piano music Schumann ------ piano music and lieder Berlioz ------ orchestral music Tchaikovsky ------ ballet and instrumental music PLURAL of lied ------ lieder o Erlkonig ------ - Franz Schubert o The Odeon ------ opera house where Harriet Smithson played Ophelia in Hamlet Hector Berlioz's loveeeee ------ Harriet Smithson Marie (Camille) Moke ------ Hector Berlioz's first wife Marie Recio Berlioz ------ Hector Berlioz's mistress when he was married to Harriet Smithson The Dies Irae ------ Gregorian Chant “Day of Wrath” Col Legno ------ using the wood of the bow instead of the hair Sul Ponticello ------ (bowing on the bridge of a string instrument) with bass trill Wind Glissando ------ overblowing · Developed many orchestral effects- found many weird sounds with instruments ------ Hector Berlioz former law student ------ Robert Schumann well established musical journalist -Particularly good about identifying promising new compositional talent ------ Robert Schumann who were the famous artists that Schumann discovered ------ Chopin and Brahms Schumann ruined his piano-playing career with a gizmo ------ o called a chiroplast § Wound up with a nearly useless left hand middle finger Composer that quit ------ Gioachino Rossini o Tended to recycle bits and pieces of failed shows into later ones- especially overtures ------ Gioachino Rossini o Bel canto opera ------ § Singing and singers were everything § Meant to be entertaining and had no message Bel canto opera- Arias ------ § Arias consisted of two parts n Cavatina- slow and lyric shows off singer’s ability to sustain a line n Cabaletta- showy and fast- shows off the singer’s virtuosity § Total failure at its premiere 1816 ------ o The Barber of Seville- Gioachino Rossini o Also retired from composing but went back to it later and produced two supreme masterpieces in his old page ------ - Giusepe Verdi · Specialty of Schumann ------ Character Piece for Piano Schumann's Carnaval:Three selections ------ Eusebius, Florestan, Chiarina Carnival Eusebius ------ The dreamy, poetic side Carnival Florestan ------ Impetuous and dynamic Carnival Chiarina ------ A portait of teenaged Clara Wieck sotto voce ------ under voice Schumann’s Dichterliebe ------ A Poet's Love -love to love lost -unrequited love :'[ Attempted suicide and stuff ------ Schumann’s bipolar disorder Saw himself as a classicist. His pieces were all abstract ------ Chopin Chopin’s Nocturnes form ------ The form is usually a simple A-B-A Blood vessel bursting in his brain from working too hard ------ Felix Mendelssohn A Midsummer Night’s Dream ------ Felix Mendelssohn Established the model of the supervirtuoso celebrity performer ------ Franz Liszt became a monk.. ------ Franz Liszt composer of extremes ------ Gustav Mahler Very bitterly criticized when it first came out Random- funeral march- happy dance music- art song- funeral march ------ Symphony No.1 Funeral March It was based on a children's song ------ Mahler's Symphony No.1 Funeral March first composer to talk to us ------ Brahms had all the techniques of different composers ------ Brahms everyone expected him to be the next Beethoven and wanted him to write a symphony ------ Brahms Sometimes said to be indifferent to the orchestra- indifferent to gratuitous effects ------ Brahms destroyed any second rate works and unfinished pieces cared about the quality of his published music ------ Brahms He really liked cymbals. ------ Tchaikovsky Tended to “recycle” bits and pieces of failed shows into later ones. ------ GIOACHINO ROSSINI Legendary for his laziness ------ GIOACHINO ROSSINI ACT I FINALE of THE BARBER OF SEVILLE ------ Typical opera buffa finale, with massive confusion and everybody onstage Who was Rigoletto ------ the court jester to the Duke of Mantua David Belasco ------ native San Franciscan who became one of the giants of the Broadway stage They wrote two operas together: Madama Butterfly and The Girl of the Golden West, ------ PUCCINI AND BELASCO
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