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Psychology Test 1- Basics Of Psychology
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Side A ------ Side B Psychology ------ The discipline concerned w/ behavior & mental processes & how they are affected by an organism's physical state, mental state, & external environment. Empirical ------ Relying on or derived from observation, experimentation, or measurement. Functionalism ------ An early psychological approach that emphasized the function or purpose of behavior and consciousness. Psychoanalysis ------ A theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy, originally formulated by Sigmund Freud, which emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts. Biological Perspective ------ A psychological approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions, feelings, and thoughts. Learning Perspective ------ A psych approach that emphasizes how the environment and experience affect a person's or animal's actions. Cognitive Perspective ------ A psych approach that emphasizes mental processes in perception, memory, language, problem solving, and other areas of behavior. Sociocultural Perspective ------ A psych approach that emphasizes social and cultural influences on behavior. Psychodynamic/Psychoanalysis ------ A psych approach that emphasizes unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner forces, conflicts, or the movement of instinctual energy. Applied Psychology ------ The study of psych issues that have direct practical significance; also, the application of psych findings. Basic/Research Psychology ------ The study of psych issues in order to seek knowledge for its own sake rather than for its practical application. Psychotherapist ------ Someone who does any kind of psychotherapy. Psychoanalyst ------ A person who practices one certain form of therapy. Psychiatrist ------ A medical doctor (M.D.) who has done a three-year residency is psychiatry to learn to diagnose and treat mental disorders. Critical Thinking ------ The ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence, rather than emotion. Principle of Falsifiability ------ A scientific theory must make prediction that are specific enough to expose theory to the possibility of disconfirmation. Predict what may not happen. Case Study ------ A detailed description of an individual being studied or treated. Observational Studies ------ A study in which the researcher observes & records behavior without interfering with the behavior; either naturalistic/laboratory observation. Standard ------ In test construction, to develop uniform procedures for giving and scoring a test. Norms ------ In test construction, established standards of performance. Reliable ------ In test construction, the consistency of scores derived from a test, from one time and place to another. Valid ------ The ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure. Correlation ------ A measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another. Variables ------ Characteristics of behavior or experience that can be measured or described by a numeric scale; manipulated and assessed in scientific studies. Independent Variable ------ A variable that an experimenter manipulates. Dependent Variable ------ A variable that an experimenter predicts will be affected by manipulations of the independent variable. Control Condition ------ In an experiment, a comparison condition in which subjects are not exposed to the same treatment as in the experimental condition. Random Assignment ------ A procedure assigning people to experimental & control groups where each individual has the same probability as any other of being assigned in either. Placebo ------ An inactive substance or fake treatment used as a control in an experiment or given by a medical practitioner to a patient. Single-bind study ------ An experiment in which subjects do not know whether they are in an experimental or a control group. Experimenter Effects ------ Unintended changes in subjects' behavior due to cues inadvertently given by the experimenter. Double-bind study ------ An experiment in which neither the subjects nor the individuals running the study know which subjects are in the control group and which are in experimental.
Side A ------ Side B Psychology ------ The discipline concerned w/ behavior & mental processes & how they are affected by an organism's physical state, mental state, & external environment. Empirical ------ Relying on or derived from observation, experimentation, or measurement. Functionalism ------ An early psychological approach that emphasized the function or purpose of behavior and consciousness. Psychoanalysis ------ A theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy, originally formulated by Sigmund Freud, which emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts. Biological Perspective ------ A psychological approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions, feelings, and thoughts. Learning Perspective ------ A psych approach that emphasizes how the environment and experience affect a person's or animal's actions. Cognitive Perspective ------ A psych approach that emphasizes mental processes in perception, memory, language, problem solving, and other areas of behavior. Sociocultural Perspective ------ A psych approach that emphasizes social and cultural influences on behavior. Psychodynamic/Psychoanalysis ------ A psych approach that emphasizes unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner forces, conflicts, or the movement of instinctual energy. Applied Psychology ------ The study of psych issues that have direct practical significance; also, the application of psych findings. Basic/Research Psychology ------ The study of psych issues in order to seek knowledge for its own sake rather than for its practical application. Psychotherapist ------ Someone who does any kind of psychotherapy. Psychoanalyst ------ A person who practices one certain form of therapy. Psychiatrist ------ A medical doctor (M.D.) who has done a three-year residency is psychiatry to learn to diagnose and treat mental disorders. Critical Thinking ------ The ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence, rather than emotion. Principle of Falsifiability ------ A scientific theory must make prediction that are specific enough to expose theory to the possibility of disconfirmation. Predict what may not happen. Case Study ------ A detailed description of an individual being studied or treated. Observational Studies ------ A study in which the researcher observes & records behavior without interfering with the behavior; either naturalistic/laboratory observation. Standard ------ In test construction, to develop uniform procedures for giving and scoring a test. Norms ------ In test construction, established standards of performance. Reliable ------ In test construction, the consistency of scores derived from a test, from one time and place to another. Valid ------ The ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure. Correlation ------ A measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another. Variables ------ Characteristics of behavior or experience that can be measured or described by a numeric scale; manipulated and assessed in scientific studies. Independent Variable ------ A variable that an experimenter manipulates. Dependent Variable ------ A variable that an experimenter predicts will be affected by manipulations of the independent variable. Control Condition ------ In an experiment, a comparison condition in which subjects are not exposed to the same treatment as in the experimental condition. Random Assignment ------ A procedure assigning people to experimental & control groups where each individual has the same probability as any other of being assigned in either. Placebo ------ An inactive substance or fake treatment used as a control in an experiment or given by a medical practitioner to a patient. Single-bind study ------ An experiment in which subjects do not know whether they are in an experimental or a control group. Experimenter Effects ------ Unintended changes in subjects' behavior due to cues inadvertently given by the experimenter. Double-bind study ------ An experiment in which neither the subjects nor the individuals running the study know which subjects are in the control group and which are in experimental.
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