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Side A ------ Side B
Urinary System ------ primary function is to regulate the volume and composition of fluids in the body and remove waste products from the blood.
Kidneys ------ rlie just above the waist on either side of the vertebral column, behind the posterior wall of the abdomen.  Embedded in adipose tissue as protection.  Play an important role in regulating blood pressure.
Nephron ------ help regulate blood composition and urine formation, located inside the kidneys, each kidney contains over 1 million of these blood processing units.
Renal Artery ------ takes blood into the kidney, branches into arterioles, and then into the nephrons.
Renal vein ------ takes blood out of the kidneys that has been processed by the nephrons.
Renal pelvis ------ enlarged funnel-shaped extension of the urteter that receives waste material from the nephrons and takes waste out through the ureter.
Gonads ------ primary sex organs for both men and women.
Testes ------ paired oval glands that descend into the scrotum, contain specialized structures that are responsible for producing the gametes (sperm).
Scrotum ------ Saclike structure holding testes.
Vas deferens ------ sperm transporting duct, long tube for transporting sperm.
Ejaculatory ducts ------ Duct that ejaculates sperm.
Prostate Gland ------ Located next to the ejaculatory ducts.
Penis ------ exerternal genital organ in males. Used for reproduction and urination.
Prepuce ------ foreskin
nephro/o, nephroma ------ kidney, tumor of the kidney
ren/o, renal ------ kidney, pertaining to the kidney
pyel/o, pyel/o/lith/o/tomy ------ renal pelvis, incision to remove renal calculi from the pelvis of the kidney.
cyst/o, cystoscope ------ bladder, instrument for examining and treating lesions of the urinary bladder, ureter, and kidney.
ureter/o, ureterocele ------ ureter, cystlike dilation or swelling of the ureter near its opening into the bladder.
urethr/o, urethr/o/dynia ------ urethra, pain in the urethra.
ur/o, ur/o/graphy ------ urinary tract,urine, process of recording x-ray images of the urinary tract (kidneys, ureter, or bladder) after introduction of a contrast medium.
ur/o, ur/emia ------ urine, urinary tract,  excessive amnts of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood.
urin/o, urin/o/meter ------ urine, urinary tract,  a device for determining the specific gravity of urine.
poly-, poly/uria ------ many, much,  excessive secretion and discharge of urine.
supra-, supra/ren/al ------ above, excessive,  located above the kidneys.
-kal-, hyper/kal/emia ------ potassium, excessive potassium in the blood.
-azot-, hypo/azot/uria ------ nitrogenous compounds,  excretion of abnormally small quantities of nitrogenous compounds.
-uria, an/uria ------ urine,  absence of urine formation.
orcho/o, orch/itis ------ testes, inflammation of one or both of the testes.
orchi/o, orchi/o/pexy ------ testes, surgical fixation of an undescended testicle by implanting it into the scrotum
orchid/o, orchid/ectomy ------ testes, excision of one or more testicles.
test/o, test/is ------ testes, one pair of male gonads that produce sperm and testosterone.
prostat/o,  prostat/o/megaly ------ prostate gland, enlargement of the prostate.
spermat/o, spermat/o/lysis ------ sperm, destruction of sperm
sperm/o, oligo/sperm/ia ------ sperm, a temp or permanent deficiency in the number of spermatozoa in the semen.
vas/o, vas/ectomy ------ vessel, vas deferens, duct,  procedure for male sterilization involving removal of a part of the vas deferens.
circum-, circum/cision ------ around,  removal of the foreskin of the penis.
para-, para/phim/osis ------ near, beside, beyond,  abnormal condition characterized by inability to replace foreskin in normal condition after retraction behing the glans penis (muzzle-phim).
anuria ------ complete suppression of urinary secretion by the kidneys.
diuresis ------ abnormal secretion of large amounts of urine.
dysuria ------ painful or difficult urination
end-stage renal disease ------ final phase of kidney disease process (ESRD)
enuresis ------ Involuntary discharge of urine after the age by which bladder should have been established. (Bedwetting at night)
Hematuria ------ blood in the urine.
Hydronephrosis ------ distention of the renal pelvis and calyces of a kidney caused by a urinary tract obstruction.  The pressure, which is due to accumulated urine, may eventually interrupt kidney function.
Nephrolithiasis ------ Condition characterized by the presence of Kidney stones.  (Renal Calculi).
Nocturia ------ excessive urination at night, genally due to a large prostate.
Oliguria ------ Diminished or scanty urination in relation to fluid intake.  
Polydipsia ------ excessive thirst.  A sign of diabetes.
Pyelonephritis ------ a bacterial infection of the renal pelvis and renal medulla of one or both kidneys.  Bladder infection backed up into the kidneys, very serious condition.
Pyuria ------ the presence of white blood cells in the urine.  Pus in urine.
Renal Hypertension ------ high blood pressure resulting from a kidney disease.
Urinary incontinence ------ Intermittent or complete absence of ability to control the release of urine from the bladder.
Benign prostatic hyperplastia  ------ A nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate due to excessive growth of prostatic tissue. (BPH) 
Transurethral Prostatectomy ------ To control BPH that isn't controllable with medications.  (TURP)
Phimosis ------ Stenosis of preputial orifice in which the foreskin cannot be pushed back over the glans penis. 
Prostatic cancer ------ A malignant neoplasm of the prostate tissue, creating pressure on the upper part of the urethra.
Catheterization ------ insertion of a catheter (hollow flexible tube) into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove a fluid.
Cystoscopy ------ Visual examination of the urinary bladder by inserting a cystoscope into the urethra.
Circumcision ------ Surgical removal of the foreskin or the prepuce of the penis.
Kidney transplantation ------ surgical implantation of a kidney from a compatible donor or recipient.
Extracorporeal Shock-wave lithotripsy ------ A noninvasive procedure to break up kidney stones.  The shock waves are focused on the stones.  (ESWL)
Stent Placement ------ use of a device to hold open vessels, tubes, or an obstructed ureter.
Vasectomy ------ Removal of all or a segment of the vas deferens.
Dialysis ------ Process of diffusing blood across semipermeable membrane to remove toxic materials to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balances in cases of impaired kidney function or absence of the kidneys.
hemodialysis ------ method of providing fuction of the kidneys by circulating tubes made of semipermeable membranes
Peritoneal dialysis ------ dialysis in which lining of the peritoneal cavity is used a s the dialyzing membrane.
ARF ------ Acute Renal Failure
BPH ------ Benign prostatic hyperplasia,  Benign prostatic hypertrophy
cath ------ Catheterization, catheter
CRF ------ chronic renal failure
cysto ------ cystoscopy
ESRD ------ end-stage renal disease
ESWL ------ extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
TURP ------ transurethral resection of prostate (for prostatectomy)
UA ------ urinalysis
UTI ------ urinary tract infection

Side A ------ Side B
Urinary System ------ primary function is to regulate the volume and composition of fluids in the body and remove waste products from the blood.
Kidneys ------ rlie just above the waist on either side of the vertebral column, behind the posterior wall of the abdomen.  Embedded in adipose tissue as protection.  Play an important role in regulating blood pressure.
Nephron ------ help regulate blood composition and urine formation, located inside the kidneys, each kidney contains over 1 million of these blood processing units.
Renal Artery ------ takes blood into the kidney, branches into arterioles, and then into the nephrons.
Renal vein ------ takes blood out of the kidneys that has been processed by the nephrons.
Renal pelvis ------ enlarged funnel-shaped extension of the urteter that receives waste material from the nephrons and takes waste out through the ureter.
Gonads ------ primary sex organs for both men and women.
Testes ------ paired oval glands that descend into the scrotum, contain specialized structures that are responsible for producing the gametes (sperm).
Scrotum ------ Saclike structure holding testes.
Vas deferens ------ sperm transporting duct, long tube for transporting sperm.
Ejaculatory ducts ------ Duct that ejaculates sperm.
Prostate Gland ------ Located next to the ejaculatory ducts.
Penis ------ exerternal genital organ in males. Used for reproduction and urination.
Prepuce ------ foreskin
nephro/o, nephroma ------ kidney, tumor of the kidney
ren/o, renal ------ kidney, pertaining to the kidney
pyel/o, pyel/o/lith/o/tomy ------ renal pelvis, incision to remove renal calculi from the pelvis of the kidney.
cyst/o, cystoscope ------ bladder, instrument for examining and treating lesions of the urinary bladder, ureter, and kidney.
ureter/o, ureterocele ------ ureter, cystlike dilation or swelling of the ureter near its opening into the bladder.
urethr/o, urethr/o/dynia ------ urethra, pain in the urethra.
ur/o, ur/o/graphy ------ urinary tract,urine, process of recording x-ray images of the urinary tract (kidneys, ureter, or bladder) after introduction of a contrast medium.
ur/o, ur/emia ------ urine, urinary tract,  excessive amnts of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood.
urin/o, urin/o/meter ------ urine, urinary tract,  a device for determining the specific gravity of urine.
poly-, poly/uria ------ many, much,  excessive secretion and discharge of urine.
supra-, supra/ren/al ------ above, excessive,  located above the kidneys.
-kal-, hyper/kal/emia ------ potassium, excessive potassium in the blood.
-azot-, hypo/azot/uria ------ nitrogenous compounds,  excretion of abnormally small quantities of nitrogenous compounds.
-uria, an/uria ------ urine,  absence of urine formation.
orcho/o, orch/itis ------ testes, inflammation of one or both of the testes.
orchi/o, orchi/o/pexy ------ testes, surgical fixation of an undescended testicle by implanting it into the scrotum
orchid/o, orchid/ectomy ------ testes, excision of one or more testicles.
test/o, test/is ------ testes, one pair of male gonads that produce sperm and testosterone.
prostat/o,  prostat/o/megaly ------ prostate gland, enlargement of the prostate.
spermat/o, spermat/o/lysis ------ sperm, destruction of sperm
sperm/o, oligo/sperm/ia ------ sperm, a temp or permanent deficiency in the number of spermatozoa in the semen.
vas/o, vas/ectomy ------ vessel, vas deferens, duct,  procedure for male sterilization involving removal of a part of the vas deferens.
circum-, circum/cision ------ around,  removal of the foreskin of the penis.
para-, para/phim/osis ------ near, beside, beyond,  abnormal condition characterized by inability to replace foreskin in normal condition after retraction behing the glans penis (muzzle-phim).
anuria ------ complete suppression of urinary secretion by the kidneys.
diuresis ------ abnormal secretion of large amounts of urine.
dysuria ------ painful or difficult urination
end-stage renal disease ------ final phase of kidney disease process (ESRD)
enuresis ------ Involuntary discharge of urine after the age by which bladder should have been established. (Bedwetting at night)
Hematuria ------ blood in the urine.
Hydronephrosis ------ distention of the renal pelvis and calyces of a kidney caused by a urinary tract obstruction.  The pressure, which is due to accumulated urine, may eventually interrupt kidney function.
Nephrolithiasis ------ Condition characterized by the presence of Kidney stones.  (Renal Calculi).
Nocturia ------ excessive urination at night, genally due to a large prostate.
Oliguria ------ Diminished or scanty urination in relation to fluid intake.  
Polydipsia ------ excessive thirst.  A sign of diabetes.
Pyelonephritis ------ a bacterial infection of the renal pelvis and renal medulla of one or both kidneys.  Bladder infection backed up into the kidneys, very serious condition.
Pyuria ------ the presence of white blood cells in the urine.  Pus in urine.
Renal Hypertension ------ high blood pressure resulting from a kidney disease.
Urinary incontinence ------ Intermittent or complete absence of ability to control the release of urine from the bladder.
Benign prostatic hyperplastia  ------ A nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate due to excessive growth of prostatic tissue. (BPH) 
Transurethral Prostatectomy ------ To control BPH that isn't controllable with medications.  (TURP)
Phimosis ------ Stenosis of preputial orifice in which the foreskin cannot be pushed back over the glans penis. 
Prostatic cancer ------ A malignant neoplasm of the prostate tissue, creating pressure on the upper part of the urethra.
Catheterization ------ insertion of a catheter (hollow flexible tube) into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove a fluid.
Cystoscopy ------ Visual examination of the urinary bladder by inserting a cystoscope into the urethra.
Circumcision ------ Surgical removal of the foreskin or the prepuce of the penis.
Kidney transplantation ------ surgical implantation of a kidney from a compatible donor or recipient.
Extracorporeal Shock-wave lithotripsy ------ A noninvasive procedure to break up kidney stones.  The shock waves are focused on the stones.  (ESWL)
Stent Placement ------ use of a device to hold open vessels, tubes, or an obstructed ureter.
Vasectomy ------ Removal of all or a segment of the vas deferens.
Dialysis ------ Process of diffusing blood across semipermeable membrane to remove toxic materials to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balances in cases of impaired kidney function or absence of the kidneys.
hemodialysis ------ method of providing fuction of the kidneys by circulating tubes made of semipermeable membranes
Peritoneal dialysis ------ dialysis in which lining of the peritoneal cavity is used a s the dialyzing membrane.
ARF ------ Acute Renal Failure
BPH ------ Benign prostatic hyperplasia,  Benign prostatic hypertrophy
cath ------ Catheterization, catheter
CRF ------ chronic renal failure
cysto ------ cystoscopy
ESRD ------ end-stage renal disease
ESWL ------ extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
TURP ------ transurethral resection of prostate (for prostatectomy)
UA ------ urinalysis
UTI ------ urinary tract infection