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Integumentary System-Chapter 4
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Side A ------ Side B derm/o dermat/o cut/o cutane/o ------ SKIN trich/o pil/o ------ HAIR onych/o ungu/o ------ NAIL hidr/o sudor/i ------ SWEAT epi- =above derm/o =skin -is = structure ------ EPIDERMIS is "true skin" hypo- = under derm/o = skin -is = structure ------ HYPODERMIS sub- = under cutane/o = skin -ous = pertaining to ------ SUBCUTANEOUS adip/o ------ FAT squam/o ------ SCALY kerat/o = hard, horny -in = substance -cyte - cell ------ KERATINOCYTE a- = without vascul/o = vessel -ar = pertaining to ------ AVASCULAR bas/o ------ BASAL mela/o = black -cyte = cell ------ MELANOCYTES sudor/i = sweat -ferous = pertaining to carrying ------ SUDORIFEROUS sebac/o = oil -ous = pertaining to ------ SEBACEOUS seb/o ------ SEBUM follicul/o ------ FOLLICLE papill/o ------ PAPILLA epi- = above onych/o = nail -ium = structure ------ EPONYCHIUM par- = near onchy/o = nail -ium = structure ------ PARONYCHIUM cyst/o = sac, bladder ------ Nodule filled with a semisolid material such as a keratinous or sebaceous cyst (see Fig. 4-3, A) p 124 ecchymosis ec- = out (pl. ecchymoses) chym/o = juice -osis = abnormal condition ------ Hemorrhage or "out of the vesseal or leaking" of blood into the subcutaneous tissue. The resultant darkening is commonly described as a bruise. hematoma hemat/o = blood -oma = mass ------ Collection of extravasated blood trapped in the tissues and palpable to the examiner, such as the ear. macule macul/o = spot ------ Flat blemish or discoloration less than 1 cm, such as a freckle, port-wind stain, or tattoo (see Fig. 4-3, D) pg.124 patch ------ Large, flat, nonpalpable macule larger than 1 cm. nodule nod/o = knot -ule = small ------ Palpable solid lesion less than 2 cm, such as a very small lipoma. (see Figs) p124. papul/o = pimple ------ Raised solid skin lesion raised less than 1 cm, such as a pimple. pustule pustul/o ------ Superficial, elevated lesion containing pus that may be the result of an infection, such as acne. See pg 124. vesicul/o = blister or small sac ------ Circumscribed, elevated lesion containing fluid and smaller than 1/2 cm such as an insect bite. If larger than 1/2 cm it is termed a bulla or blister wheal wheel ------ Circumscribed, elevated papule caused by localized edema, which can result from a bug bite. Urticaria or hives results from an alergic reaction. atrophy a- = no, not, without troph/o = development -y = process ------ Paper-thin casted skin often occurring in the aged or as stretch marks from rapid weight gain. cicatrix ------ A scar. An area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after destruction of some of the dermis. See Figs p 124 fissure ------ Cracklike lesion of the skin, such as an anal fissure. see figs pg 124 ulcer ------ Circumscribed craterlike lesion of the skin or mucour membrane resulting from necrosis or tissue death. Decubitus ulcer is sometimes seen in bedridden patients. atopic dermatitus a- = no, not, without top/o = place, location -ic = pertaining to dermat/o = skin -itis = inflammation ------ Chronic, pruritic superficial inflammation of the skin usually associated with a family history of allergic disorders. contact dermatitis dermat/o = skin -itis = inflammation ------ Irritated or allergic response of the skin that can lead to an acute or chronic inflammation. eczema ------ Superficial inflammation of the skinm characterized by vesicles, weeping, and pruritus. Also called dermatitis. pruitis ------ Pruitis is severe itching. Can be resultant of chemicals, stress. folliculitis follicul/o = follicle -itis = inflammation ------ Inflammation of the hair follicles, which may be superficial or deep, acute, or chronic. impetigo is EXTREMELY CONTAGIOUS ------ EXTREMELY CONTAGIOUS. Superficial vesiculopustular skin infection normally seen in choldren but possible in adults. pilonidal cyst pil/o = hair nid/o = nest -al = pertaining to ------ Growth of a hair in a cyst in the sacral region. seborrheic dermatitis seb/o = sebum -rrheic = pertaining to discharge dermat/o = skin -itis = inflammation ------ Inflammatory scaling disease of the scalp (usually), and face. In newborns, this is called cradle cap dermatomycosis dermat/o = skin myc/o = fungus -osis = abnormal condition ------ Fungal infection of the skin. Also known as dermatophtosis tinea capitis capit/o = head -is = structure ------ Fungal infection of the scalp. Also known as ringworm tinea corporis corpor/o = body -is = structure ------ Ringworm of the body manifested by pink to red papulosquamous annular (ringlike) plaques with raised borders; AKA Ringworm tinea cruris crur/o = leg -is = structure ------ A fungal infection that occurs mainly on external genitalia and upper legs in males, particularly in warm weather; AKA Jock itch tinea pedis ped/o = foot -is = structure ------ Fungal infection of the foot; AKA athlete's foot. Fungus will grow where it is dark and moist pediculosis pedicul/o = lice ( singular- louse) -osis = abnormal condition ------ Parasitic infestation with lice, involving the head, body, or genital area scabies ------ Parasitic infestation caused by mites; characterized by pruritic papular rash herpes simplex virus (HSV) ------ Viral infection sharacterized by clusters of small vesicles filled with clear fluid on raised inflammatory bases on the skin or mucosa. HSV-1 ------ HSV-1 causes fever blisters (herpetic stomatitis) commonly known as genital herpes and keratitis, an inflammation of the cornea. HSV-2 ------ HSV-2 is commonly known as genital herpes herpes zoster (chicken pox) ------ herpes zoster Acute, painful rash caused by reactivation of the latent varicellazoster virus; AKA shingles verruca (pl. verrucae) ------ Common contagious epithelial growths usually appearing on the skin of the hands, feet, legs, and face; can be caused by any of the 60 types of the humanpapillomavirus (HPV). Also called warts alopecia ------ Baldness or hair loss resulting from genetic factors, aging, or disease psoriasis ------ Common chronic skin disorder characterized by circumscribed, salmon-red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery scales that are the result of excessive development of epithelial cells callus ------ Common painless thickening of the stratum corneum at locations of external pressure or friction corn ------ Horny mass of condensed epithelial cells overlying a bony prominence as the result of pressure or friction; aka clavus decubitus ulcer ------ Inflammation, ulcer, or sore in the skin over a bony prominence most often seen in aged, debilitated, cachectic (wasted) or immobilized patients. Pressure sores or ulcers are graded by stages of severity with the highest stage 6=muscles, fat, and bone. AKA bedsore, pressure ulcer, or pressure sore ichthyosis ichthy/o = fish -osis = abnormal condition ------ Category of dry skin that has the scaly appearance of a fish. It ranges from mild to severe. The mild form is known as xeroderma. Xer/o means "dry". Xer/o ------ Dry albinism albin/o = white -ism = condition ------ Complete lack of melanin production by existing melanocytes resulting in pale skin, white hair, and pink irdes (sing. iris). Albinos dyschromia dys- = abnormal chrom/o = color -ia = condition ------ Abnormality of skin pigmentation. Hyperchromia is abnormally increased pigmentation. Hypochromia is abnormally decreased pigmentation. vitiligo (Michael Jackson's condition) ------ Benign acquired disease of unknown origin consisting of irregular patches of various sizes lacking pigment. anhidrosis an- = no, not, without hidr/o = sweating -osis = abnormal condition ------ A condition in which a person produces little or no sweat hidradenitis hidraden/o = sweat gland -itis = inflammation ------ Inflammation of the sweat glands hyperhidrosis hyper- = excessive hidr/o = sweat -osis = abnormal condition ------ Excessive perspitation caused by heat, strong emotion, menopause, hyperthyroidism, or infection Partial-thickness burn ------ Burn in which only the first and second layers of the skin (epidermis and part of the dermis) are affected; sometimes called a second-degree burn superficial burn ------ burn in which only the first layer of the skin, the epidermis is damaged; aka first-degree burn characterized by redness (erythema), tenderness, and hyperesthesia with no scar development. full-thickness burn ------ burn that damages the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue; aka third degree burn. Patient will need a skin graft angioma angi/o = vessel -oma = tumor ------ Localized vascular lesion that includes hemangiomas, vasular nevi, and lymphangiomas. lipoma lip/o = fat -oma = tumor ------ Fatty tumor that is a soft, movable, subcutaneous nodule basal cell carcinoma (BCC) bas/o = base -al = pertaining to carcinoma = cancer of epithelial origin ------ The most common form of skin cancer it originates in the basal layer of the epidermis. It usually occurs on the face as a result of sun exposure and rarely metastasizes (spreads to distant sites) malignant melanoma melan/o = black, dark -oma = tumor ------ This cancerous tumor arises from mutated melanocytes. This particular cancer is the leading cause of death from all skin diseases. squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) squam/o = scaly -ous = pertaining to carcinoma = cancer of epithelial origin ------ The second most common type of skin cancer, also caused by sun exposure, but developing from squamous cells What are the three most common malignant cancers of the skin? ------ 1. basal cell carcinoma (BCC) 2. malignant melanoma 3. squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) excisional biopsy ------ biopsy in which the entire tumor may be removed with borders as a means of diagnosis and treatment needle aspiration ------ Aspiration of fluid from lesions to obtain samples for culture and examination punch biopsy ------ biopsy in which a tubular punch is inserted through to the subcutaneous tissue, and the tissue is cut off at the base cauterization cauter/i = burn -zation = process of ------ Destruction of tissue by burning with heat cryosurgery cry/o = extreme cold or freezing ------ Destruction of tissue through the use of extreme cold, usually liquid nitrogen incision and drainage (I&D) ------ Cutting open and removing the contents of a wound, cyst, or other lesion dermabrasion derm/o = skin -abrasion = scraping of ------ Surgical procedure to resurface the skin; to remove acne scars, nevi, wrinkles, and tattoos. dermatoplasty dermat/o = skin -plasty = surgical repair ------ Transplant of living skin to correct effects of injury, operation, or disease lipectomy lip/o = fat -ectomy = removal ------ Removal of fatty tissue (usually surgical removal) liposuction lip/o = fat ------ Technique for removing adipose tissue with a suction pump device
Side A ------ Side B derm/o dermat/o cut/o cutane/o ------ SKIN trich/o pil/o ------ HAIR onych/o ungu/o ------ NAIL hidr/o sudor/i ------ SWEAT epi- =above derm/o =skin -is = structure ------ EPIDERMIS is "true skin" hypo- = under derm/o = skin -is = structure ------ HYPODERMIS sub- = under cutane/o = skin -ous = pertaining to ------ SUBCUTANEOUS adip/o ------ FAT squam/o ------ SCALY kerat/o = hard, horny -in = substance -cyte - cell ------ KERATINOCYTE a- = without vascul/o = vessel -ar = pertaining to ------ AVASCULAR bas/o ------ BASAL mela/o = black -cyte = cell ------ MELANOCYTES sudor/i = sweat -ferous = pertaining to carrying ------ SUDORIFEROUS sebac/o = oil -ous = pertaining to ------ SEBACEOUS seb/o ------ SEBUM follicul/o ------ FOLLICLE papill/o ------ PAPILLA epi- = above onych/o = nail -ium = structure ------ EPONYCHIUM par- = near onchy/o = nail -ium = structure ------ PARONYCHIUM cyst/o = sac, bladder ------ Nodule filled with a semisolid material such as a keratinous or sebaceous cyst (see Fig. 4-3, A) p 124 ecchymosis ec- = out (pl. ecchymoses) chym/o = juice -osis = abnormal condition ------ Hemorrhage or "out of the vesseal or leaking" of blood into the subcutaneous tissue. The resultant darkening is commonly described as a bruise. hematoma hemat/o = blood -oma = mass ------ Collection of extravasated blood trapped in the tissues and palpable to the examiner, such as the ear. macule macul/o = spot ------ Flat blemish or discoloration less than 1 cm, such as a freckle, port-wind stain, or tattoo (see Fig. 4-3, D) pg.124 patch ------ Large, flat, nonpalpable macule larger than 1 cm. nodule nod/o = knot -ule = small ------ Palpable solid lesion less than 2 cm, such as a very small lipoma. (see Figs) p124. papul/o = pimple ------ Raised solid skin lesion raised less than 1 cm, such as a pimple. pustule pustul/o ------ Superficial, elevated lesion containing pus that may be the result of an infection, such as acne. See pg 124. vesicul/o = blister or small sac ------ Circumscribed, elevated lesion containing fluid and smaller than 1/2 cm such as an insect bite. If larger than 1/2 cm it is termed a bulla or blister wheal wheel ------ Circumscribed, elevated papule caused by localized edema, which can result from a bug bite. Urticaria or hives results from an alergic reaction. atrophy a- = no, not, without troph/o = development -y = process ------ Paper-thin casted skin often occurring in the aged or as stretch marks from rapid weight gain. cicatrix ------ A scar. An area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after destruction of some of the dermis. See Figs p 124 fissure ------ Cracklike lesion of the skin, such as an anal fissure. see figs pg 124 ulcer ------ Circumscribed craterlike lesion of the skin or mucour membrane resulting from necrosis or tissue death. Decubitus ulcer is sometimes seen in bedridden patients. atopic dermatitus a- = no, not, without top/o = place, location -ic = pertaining to dermat/o = skin -itis = inflammation ------ Chronic, pruritic superficial inflammation of the skin usually associated with a family history of allergic disorders. contact dermatitis dermat/o = skin -itis = inflammation ------ Irritated or allergic response of the skin that can lead to an acute or chronic inflammation. eczema ------ Superficial inflammation of the skinm characterized by vesicles, weeping, and pruritus. Also called dermatitis. pruitis ------ Pruitis is severe itching. Can be resultant of chemicals, stress. folliculitis follicul/o = follicle -itis = inflammation ------ Inflammation of the hair follicles, which may be superficial or deep, acute, or chronic. impetigo is EXTREMELY CONTAGIOUS ------ EXTREMELY CONTAGIOUS. Superficial vesiculopustular skin infection normally seen in choldren but possible in adults. pilonidal cyst pil/o = hair nid/o = nest -al = pertaining to ------ Growth of a hair in a cyst in the sacral region. seborrheic dermatitis seb/o = sebum -rrheic = pertaining to discharge dermat/o = skin -itis = inflammation ------ Inflammatory scaling disease of the scalp (usually), and face. In newborns, this is called cradle cap dermatomycosis dermat/o = skin myc/o = fungus -osis = abnormal condition ------ Fungal infection of the skin. Also known as dermatophtosis tinea capitis capit/o = head -is = structure ------ Fungal infection of the scalp. Also known as ringworm tinea corporis corpor/o = body -is = structure ------ Ringworm of the body manifested by pink to red papulosquamous annular (ringlike) plaques with raised borders; AKA Ringworm tinea cruris crur/o = leg -is = structure ------ A fungal infection that occurs mainly on external genitalia and upper legs in males, particularly in warm weather; AKA Jock itch tinea pedis ped/o = foot -is = structure ------ Fungal infection of the foot; AKA athlete's foot. Fungus will grow where it is dark and moist pediculosis pedicul/o = lice ( singular- louse) -osis = abnormal condition ------ Parasitic infestation with lice, involving the head, body, or genital area scabies ------ Parasitic infestation caused by mites; characterized by pruritic papular rash herpes simplex virus (HSV) ------ Viral infection sharacterized by clusters of small vesicles filled with clear fluid on raised inflammatory bases on the skin or mucosa. HSV-1 ------ HSV-1 causes fever blisters (herpetic stomatitis) commonly known as genital herpes and keratitis, an inflammation of the cornea. HSV-2 ------ HSV-2 is commonly known as genital herpes herpes zoster (chicken pox) ------ herpes zoster Acute, painful rash caused by reactivation of the latent varicellazoster virus; AKA shingles verruca (pl. verrucae) ------ Common contagious epithelial growths usually appearing on the skin of the hands, feet, legs, and face; can be caused by any of the 60 types of the humanpapillomavirus (HPV). Also called warts alopecia ------ Baldness or hair loss resulting from genetic factors, aging, or disease psoriasis ------ Common chronic skin disorder characterized by circumscribed, salmon-red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery scales that are the result of excessive development of epithelial cells callus ------ Common painless thickening of the stratum corneum at locations of external pressure or friction corn ------ Horny mass of condensed epithelial cells overlying a bony prominence as the result of pressure or friction; aka clavus decubitus ulcer ------ Inflammation, ulcer, or sore in the skin over a bony prominence most often seen in aged, debilitated, cachectic (wasted) or immobilized patients. Pressure sores or ulcers are graded by stages of severity with the highest stage 6=muscles, fat, and bone. AKA bedsore, pressure ulcer, or pressure sore ichthyosis ichthy/o = fish -osis = abnormal condition ------ Category of dry skin that has the scaly appearance of a fish. It ranges from mild to severe. The mild form is known as xeroderma. Xer/o means "dry". Xer/o ------ Dry albinism albin/o = white -ism = condition ------ Complete lack of melanin production by existing melanocytes resulting in pale skin, white hair, and pink irdes (sing. iris). Albinos dyschromia dys- = abnormal chrom/o = color -ia = condition ------ Abnormality of skin pigmentation. Hyperchromia is abnormally increased pigmentation. Hypochromia is abnormally decreased pigmentation. vitiligo (Michael Jackson's condition) ------ Benign acquired disease of unknown origin consisting of irregular patches of various sizes lacking pigment. anhidrosis an- = no, not, without hidr/o = sweating -osis = abnormal condition ------ A condition in which a person produces little or no sweat hidradenitis hidraden/o = sweat gland -itis = inflammation ------ Inflammation of the sweat glands hyperhidrosis hyper- = excessive hidr/o = sweat -osis = abnormal condition ------ Excessive perspitation caused by heat, strong emotion, menopause, hyperthyroidism, or infection Partial-thickness burn ------ Burn in which only the first and second layers of the skin (epidermis and part of the dermis) are affected; sometimes called a second-degree burn superficial burn ------ burn in which only the first layer of the skin, the epidermis is damaged; aka first-degree burn characterized by redness (erythema), tenderness, and hyperesthesia with no scar development. full-thickness burn ------ burn that damages the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue; aka third degree burn. Patient will need a skin graft angioma angi/o = vessel -oma = tumor ------ Localized vascular lesion that includes hemangiomas, vasular nevi, and lymphangiomas. lipoma lip/o = fat -oma = tumor ------ Fatty tumor that is a soft, movable, subcutaneous nodule basal cell carcinoma (BCC) bas/o = base -al = pertaining to carcinoma = cancer of epithelial origin ------ The most common form of skin cancer it originates in the basal layer of the epidermis. It usually occurs on the face as a result of sun exposure and rarely metastasizes (spreads to distant sites) malignant melanoma melan/o = black, dark -oma = tumor ------ This cancerous tumor arises from mutated melanocytes. This particular cancer is the leading cause of death from all skin diseases. squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) squam/o = scaly -ous = pertaining to carcinoma = cancer of epithelial origin ------ The second most common type of skin cancer, also caused by sun exposure, but developing from squamous cells What are the three most common malignant cancers of the skin? ------ 1. basal cell carcinoma (BCC) 2. malignant melanoma 3. squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) excisional biopsy ------ biopsy in which the entire tumor may be removed with borders as a means of diagnosis and treatment needle aspiration ------ Aspiration of fluid from lesions to obtain samples for culture and examination punch biopsy ------ biopsy in which a tubular punch is inserted through to the subcutaneous tissue, and the tissue is cut off at the base cauterization cauter/i = burn -zation = process of ------ Destruction of tissue by burning with heat cryosurgery cry/o = extreme cold or freezing ------ Destruction of tissue through the use of extreme cold, usually liquid nitrogen incision and drainage (I&D) ------ Cutting open and removing the contents of a wound, cyst, or other lesion dermabrasion derm/o = skin -abrasion = scraping of ------ Surgical procedure to resurface the skin; to remove acne scars, nevi, wrinkles, and tattoos. dermatoplasty dermat/o = skin -plasty = surgical repair ------ Transplant of living skin to correct effects of injury, operation, or disease lipectomy lip/o = fat -ectomy = removal ------ Removal of fatty tissue (usually surgical removal) liposuction lip/o = fat ------ Technique for removing adipose tissue with a suction pump device
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