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Ecology Exam 1 Study Guide
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Side A ------ Side B The subalpine life zone in Colorado:A. occurs above 11,400 feet in elevationB. above the grasslands life zoneC. contains a greater number of species than the foothills life zoneD. has greater precipitation than the foothills life zoneE. b & d ------ E. b & dabove the grasslands life zone has greater precipitation than the foothills life zone Deciduous plants are more likely found in:A. DesertB. Tropical rainforestC. GrasslandD. Temperate ForestE. Boreal Forest ------ D. Temperate Forest Ecology is the study of how:A. atoms make up the environment.B. humans affect the environment.C. organisms interact with each other and their nonliving environment.D. societies pass laws to protect the environment.E. evolution affects nature ------ C. organisms interact with each other and their nonliving environment. What is the correct sequence of these ecological areas from largest to smallest?Ecosystem, Population, Biome, Landscape, CommunityA. Ecosystem, Biome, Community, Landscape, PopulationB. Biome, Ecosystem, Landscape, Population, CommunityC. Biome, Landscape, Ecosystem, Community, PopulationD. Biome, Ecosystem, Community, Landscape, PopulationE. C & D ------ E. C & DBiome, Landscape, Ecosystem, Community, Population Biome, Ecosystem, Community, Landscape, Population Precipitation and temperature are generally the limiting factor that controls the vegetative character of:A. BiomesB. Ecosystem.C. HabitatD. A, B & CE. A & B ------ D. A, B & CBiomesEcosystemsHabitat imageThe soil horizon that contains mineral soil and little organic matter is:A. A.B. B.C. C.D. D.E. O. ------ B The process of desertification is increased by:A. poor agricultural practicesB. overgrazingC. economic conditionsD. A & BE. all of the above ------ all of the above poor agricultural practicesovergrazingeconomic conditions Carrying capacityA. measures stream flow and the ability to move sedimentB. how much air pollution the atmosphere in Denver can carry before acid rain begins to dropC. how many individuals an ecosystem can contain without negatively impacting the environmentD. how many individuals an ecosystem can contain during a time of environmental stressE. how many deer can survive in the city of Boulder eating neighborhood gardens and flowers. ------ C. how many individuals an ecosystem can contain without negatively impacting the environment Exponential growth graphically represents:A. rapidly increasing populationsB. carrying capacityC. populations approaching sustainabilityD. A & BE. all of the above ------ A. rapidly increasing populations Tragedy of the commons refers to:A. common resources are used up the fastestB. rare resources are used up the fastestC. common resources are abused because they occur everywhereD. rare resources are more expensiveE. B & C. ------ C. common resources are abused because they occur everywhere El Nino can effect weather in Colorado becauseA. it reverses current flow in the South PacificB. it reverses current flow in the Gulf of MexicoC. changes the pattern of weather in IndiaD. results from unusual rainy conditions in AustraliaE. A & E ------ A. it reverses current flow in the South Pacific Ecosystems function through the interaction of:A. Producers, consumers and abiotic elementsB. Nutrients, water and erosionC. Nutrients, sunlight and animalsD. Producers, consumers and biotic elementsE. Animals, plants and populations ------ A. Producers, consumers and abiotic elements Alpine Tundra versus Arctic TundraA. has abundant available moistureB. has deep permafrostC. has shallow soilsD. has limited daylight in winterE. B and D ------ C. has shallow soils The most permeable soil will be:A. ClayB. LoamC. SandD. DustE. a mix of sand with loam ------ C. Sand The majority of deserts in the world occur:A. near the tropic of CancerB along the equatorC. in the southern hemisphereD. near the tropic of CapricornE. in the polar regions ------ A. near the tropic of Cancer There is more precipitation at higher elevations because:A. warm air risesB. water condenses from cooler air more than from warm airC. water is frozen at higher elevation for a longer periodD. A & BE. B and C ------ D. A & Bwarm air rises water condenses from cooler air more than from warm air Salinization such as found throughout the West is the result of:A. evaporationB. nitrates in the soilC. closed basinsD. A & CE. all of the above ------ D. A & Cevaporationclosed basins From the image choose the appropriate letter to answer the questions below.On the soil formation and generalized soil profile figure, choose the soil that consists of undecomposed leaves, twigs, crop waste, animal waste, fungi, and other materials. ------ C From the image choose the appropriate letter to answer the questions below. On the soil formation and generalized soil profile figure, choose the layer of the mature soil that contains root systems. ------ C From the image choose the appropriate letter to answer the questions below.On the soil formation and generalized soil profile figure, choose the soil that is porous and contains humus. ------ B From the image choose the appropriate letter to answer the questions below.On the soil formation and generalized soil profile figure, choose the layer we called the C Horizon in lecture ------ A All of the brown tree frogs and green tree frogs living in the same area would be part of the same populationA. TrueB. False ------ B. Falsethey are apart of the same community but they are not the same population because of the ditstinct species difference There is greater diversity in forests than in grasslands due to:a. seasonal differences.b. greater organic matter in the soil.c. runoff.d. vertical structure.e. reduced impact from wind and snow. ------ d. vertical structure. Soil textures with moderate physical and chemical properties includea. silt and loam.b. sand and loam.c. clay and loam.d. clay and silt.e. sand and clay ------ a. silt and loam. The dissolving of material from the upper layers of the soil and its movement to lower horizons is calleda. percolation.b. weathering.c. accumulation.d. leaching.e. humus ------ d. leaching. Topsoil contains all of the following excepta. plant roots.b. humus.c. freshly fallen leaves.d. some inorganic minerals.e. bacteria ------ c. freshly fallen leaves. Daily weather patterns in the Front Range of Colorado are strongly influenced by:a. cool air rising in the mountainsb. warm air sinking at night.c. warm air rising into the mountains.d. humidity levels in Denver.e. c and d ------ e. c and dwarm air rising into the mountains. humidity levels in Denver. The most important factor in determining which biome is found in a particular area isa. soil type.b. topography.c. magnetic fields.d. climate.e. longitude ------ d. climate. Which of the following statements is false?a. About one-third of the solar energy hitting the earth is immediately reflected back to space.b. A spectrum of electromagnetic radiation emanates from the sun.c. About one-third of the solar energy hitting the earth warms the land and lower atmosphere, runs cycles of matter, and generates winds.d. Less than 1% of sunlight is captured via photosynthesis.e. None of these answers. ------ c. About one-third of the solar energy hitting the earth warms the land and lower atmosphere, runs cycles of matter, and generates winds. A community of living organisms interacting with one another and the physical and chemical factors of their nonliving environment is calleda. a species.b. an ecosystem.c. a population.d. a lithosphere.e. a community ------ b. an ecosystem There is greater available water in the lower montane that in the subalpine due to?a. Greater precipitation.b. Less windc. Longer growing seasond. Less intense solar radiation.e. A & B ------ c. Longer growing season Which of the following microclimate effects is incorrectly described?a. The leeward sides of high mountains tend to show relatively dry conditions.b. Oceans and lakes modify temperature extremes.c. Forests have fewer temperature extremes and lower wind speeds than nearby open land.d. Cities tend to have lower temperatures and higher wind speeds than the surroundingcountryside.e. The windward sides of high mountains tend to show relatively wet conditions. ------ d. Cities tend to have lower temperatures and higher wind speeds than the surrounding countryside. Climate and vegetation primarily vary witha. latitude only.b. altitude only.c. latitude and altitude.d. latitude and longitude.e. altitude and longitude ------ c. latitude and altitude. Trees of wet tropical rain forests tend to bea. succulent plants.b. broad-leaf evergreen plants.c. broadleaf deciduous plants.d. coniferous evergreen plants.e. coniferous deciduous plants. ------ b. broad-leaf evergreen plants. You read the data records of a field ecologist who reports the following varieties of species: beetles, spiders, grasshoppers, many insects and invertebrates, earthworms, prairie dogs, rabbits, squirrels, meadowlarks, coyotes, foxes, hawks. You conclude that the field ecologist is located in aa. desert.b. tropical grassland.c. temperate grassland.d. arctic tundra.e. taiga ------ c. temperate grassland. Which of the following describes where a natural grassland would most likely be found?a. where annual precipitation exceeds 45 inchesb. where drought and fire are very rarec. in places that are suitable for forests but also experience grazingd. in the zone lying between forest and deserte. none of these answers ------ d. in the zone lying between forest and desert Most of the nutrients in the tropical rain forests are found in thea. living organisms.b. large rivers.c. deep, rich soil.d. thick atmosphere.e. shallow soil ------ a. living organisms. Mature temperate deciduous forests _____ than tropical rain forests.a. have more different tree speciesb. have more different animal speciesc. have more plant life at ground leveld. have less sunlight penetrating to lower levelse. have less plant life at ground level ------ c. have more plant life at ground level Deserts are primarily located in the hot, tropical equatorial regions.a. TRUEb. FALSE ------ b. FALSE At a population growth rate of 1.0% the worlds’ population will double in approximatelya. 10 yearsb. 20 yearsc. 50 yearsd. 70 yearse. 83 years ------ d. 70 years
Side A ------ Side B The subalpine life zone in Colorado:A. occurs above 11,400 feet in elevationB. above the grasslands life zoneC. contains a greater number of species than the foothills life zoneD. has greater precipitation than the foothills life zoneE. b & d ------ E. b & dabove the grasslands life zone has greater precipitation than the foothills life zone Deciduous plants are more likely found in:A. DesertB. Tropical rainforestC. GrasslandD. Temperate ForestE. Boreal Forest ------ D. Temperate Forest Ecology is the study of how:A. atoms make up the environment.B. humans affect the environment.C. organisms interact with each other and their nonliving environment.D. societies pass laws to protect the environment.E. evolution affects nature ------ C. organisms interact with each other and their nonliving environment. What is the correct sequence of these ecological areas from largest to smallest?Ecosystem, Population, Biome, Landscape, CommunityA. Ecosystem, Biome, Community, Landscape, PopulationB. Biome, Ecosystem, Landscape, Population, CommunityC. Biome, Landscape, Ecosystem, Community, PopulationD. Biome, Ecosystem, Community, Landscape, PopulationE. C & D ------ E. C & DBiome, Landscape, Ecosystem, Community, Population Biome, Ecosystem, Community, Landscape, Population Precipitation and temperature are generally the limiting factor that controls the vegetative character of:A. BiomesB. Ecosystem.C. HabitatD. A, B & CE. A & B ------ D. A, B & CBiomesEcosystemsHabitat imageThe soil horizon that contains mineral soil and little organic matter is:A. A.B. B.C. C.D. D.E. O. ------ B The process of desertification is increased by:A. poor agricultural practicesB. overgrazingC. economic conditionsD. A & BE. all of the above ------ all of the above poor agricultural practicesovergrazingeconomic conditions Carrying capacityA. measures stream flow and the ability to move sedimentB. how much air pollution the atmosphere in Denver can carry before acid rain begins to dropC. how many individuals an ecosystem can contain without negatively impacting the environmentD. how many individuals an ecosystem can contain during a time of environmental stressE. how many deer can survive in the city of Boulder eating neighborhood gardens and flowers. ------ C. how many individuals an ecosystem can contain without negatively impacting the environment Exponential growth graphically represents:A. rapidly increasing populationsB. carrying capacityC. populations approaching sustainabilityD. A & BE. all of the above ------ A. rapidly increasing populations Tragedy of the commons refers to:A. common resources are used up the fastestB. rare resources are used up the fastestC. common resources are abused because they occur everywhereD. rare resources are more expensiveE. B & C. ------ C. common resources are abused because they occur everywhere El Nino can effect weather in Colorado becauseA. it reverses current flow in the South PacificB. it reverses current flow in the Gulf of MexicoC. changes the pattern of weather in IndiaD. results from unusual rainy conditions in AustraliaE. A & E ------ A. it reverses current flow in the South Pacific Ecosystems function through the interaction of:A. Producers, consumers and abiotic elementsB. Nutrients, water and erosionC. Nutrients, sunlight and animalsD. Producers, consumers and biotic elementsE. Animals, plants and populations ------ A. Producers, consumers and abiotic elements Alpine Tundra versus Arctic TundraA. has abundant available moistureB. has deep permafrostC. has shallow soilsD. has limited daylight in winterE. B and D ------ C. has shallow soils The most permeable soil will be:A. ClayB. LoamC. SandD. DustE. a mix of sand with loam ------ C. Sand The majority of deserts in the world occur:A. near the tropic of CancerB along the equatorC. in the southern hemisphereD. near the tropic of CapricornE. in the polar regions ------ A. near the tropic of Cancer There is more precipitation at higher elevations because:A. warm air risesB. water condenses from cooler air more than from warm airC. water is frozen at higher elevation for a longer periodD. A & BE. B and C ------ D. A & Bwarm air rises water condenses from cooler air more than from warm air Salinization such as found throughout the West is the result of:A. evaporationB. nitrates in the soilC. closed basinsD. A & CE. all of the above ------ D. A & Cevaporationclosed basins From the image choose the appropriate letter to answer the questions below.On the soil formation and generalized soil profile figure, choose the soil that consists of undecomposed leaves, twigs, crop waste, animal waste, fungi, and other materials. ------ C From the image choose the appropriate letter to answer the questions below. On the soil formation and generalized soil profile figure, choose the layer of the mature soil that contains root systems. ------ C From the image choose the appropriate letter to answer the questions below.On the soil formation and generalized soil profile figure, choose the soil that is porous and contains humus. ------ B From the image choose the appropriate letter to answer the questions below.On the soil formation and generalized soil profile figure, choose the layer we called the C Horizon in lecture ------ A All of the brown tree frogs and green tree frogs living in the same area would be part of the same populationA. TrueB. False ------ B. Falsethey are apart of the same community but they are not the same population because of the ditstinct species difference There is greater diversity in forests than in grasslands due to:a. seasonal differences.b. greater organic matter in the soil.c. runoff.d. vertical structure.e. reduced impact from wind and snow. ------ d. vertical structure. Soil textures with moderate physical and chemical properties includea. silt and loam.b. sand and loam.c. clay and loam.d. clay and silt.e. sand and clay ------ a. silt and loam. The dissolving of material from the upper layers of the soil and its movement to lower horizons is calleda. percolation.b. weathering.c. accumulation.d. leaching.e. humus ------ d. leaching. Topsoil contains all of the following excepta. plant roots.b. humus.c. freshly fallen leaves.d. some inorganic minerals.e. bacteria ------ c. freshly fallen leaves. Daily weather patterns in the Front Range of Colorado are strongly influenced by:a. cool air rising in the mountainsb. warm air sinking at night.c. warm air rising into the mountains.d. humidity levels in Denver.e. c and d ------ e. c and dwarm air rising into the mountains. humidity levels in Denver. The most important factor in determining which biome is found in a particular area isa. soil type.b. topography.c. magnetic fields.d. climate.e. longitude ------ d. climate. Which of the following statements is false?a. About one-third of the solar energy hitting the earth is immediately reflected back to space.b. A spectrum of electromagnetic radiation emanates from the sun.c. About one-third of the solar energy hitting the earth warms the land and lower atmosphere, runs cycles of matter, and generates winds.d. Less than 1% of sunlight is captured via photosynthesis.e. None of these answers. ------ c. About one-third of the solar energy hitting the earth warms the land and lower atmosphere, runs cycles of matter, and generates winds. A community of living organisms interacting with one another and the physical and chemical factors of their nonliving environment is calleda. a species.b. an ecosystem.c. a population.d. a lithosphere.e. a community ------ b. an ecosystem There is greater available water in the lower montane that in the subalpine due to?a. Greater precipitation.b. Less windc. Longer growing seasond. Less intense solar radiation.e. A & B ------ c. Longer growing season Which of the following microclimate effects is incorrectly described?a. The leeward sides of high mountains tend to show relatively dry conditions.b. Oceans and lakes modify temperature extremes.c. Forests have fewer temperature extremes and lower wind speeds than nearby open land.d. Cities tend to have lower temperatures and higher wind speeds than the surroundingcountryside.e. The windward sides of high mountains tend to show relatively wet conditions. ------ d. Cities tend to have lower temperatures and higher wind speeds than the surrounding countryside. Climate and vegetation primarily vary witha. latitude only.b. altitude only.c. latitude and altitude.d. latitude and longitude.e. altitude and longitude ------ c. latitude and altitude. Trees of wet tropical rain forests tend to bea. succulent plants.b. broad-leaf evergreen plants.c. broadleaf deciduous plants.d. coniferous evergreen plants.e. coniferous deciduous plants. ------ b. broad-leaf evergreen plants. You read the data records of a field ecologist who reports the following varieties of species: beetles, spiders, grasshoppers, many insects and invertebrates, earthworms, prairie dogs, rabbits, squirrels, meadowlarks, coyotes, foxes, hawks. You conclude that the field ecologist is located in aa. desert.b. tropical grassland.c. temperate grassland.d. arctic tundra.e. taiga ------ c. temperate grassland. Which of the following describes where a natural grassland would most likely be found?a. where annual precipitation exceeds 45 inchesb. where drought and fire are very rarec. in places that are suitable for forests but also experience grazingd. in the zone lying between forest and deserte. none of these answers ------ d. in the zone lying between forest and desert Most of the nutrients in the tropical rain forests are found in thea. living organisms.b. large rivers.c. deep, rich soil.d. thick atmosphere.e. shallow soil ------ a. living organisms. Mature temperate deciduous forests _____ than tropical rain forests.a. have more different tree speciesb. have more different animal speciesc. have more plant life at ground leveld. have less sunlight penetrating to lower levelse. have less plant life at ground level ------ c. have more plant life at ground level Deserts are primarily located in the hot, tropical equatorial regions.a. TRUEb. FALSE ------ b. FALSE At a population growth rate of 1.0% the worlds’ population will double in approximatelya. 10 yearsb. 20 yearsc. 50 yearsd. 70 yearse. 83 years ------ d. 70 years
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