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Side A ------ Side B
v ------ Mid-Sagittal Brain
A thin mantle of gray matter about the size of a formal dinner napkin covering the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. The cerebral cortex is crumpled and folded, forming numerous convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci). It is made up of six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them. The cerebral cortex is responsible for the processes of thought, perception and memory and serves as the seat of advanced motor function, social abilities, language, and problem solving. ------ Cerebral Cortex
is a structure of the mammalian brain in the longitudinal fissure that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres. It facilitates communication between the two hemispheres. It is the largest white matter structure in the brain, consisting of 200-250 millioncontralateral axonal projections. It is a wide, flat bundle of axons beneath the cortex. Much of the inter-hemispheric communication in the brain is conducted across the corpus callosum ------ Corpus Callosum
is between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain, both in terms of its location and its neurological connections. Its function includes relaying sensation, special sense and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, along with the regulation of consciousness, sleep and alertness. The thalamus surrounds the third ventricle. It is the main product of the embryonic diencephalon. ------ Thalamus
The medulla oblongata is the lower half of the brainstem. In discussions of neurology and similar contexts where no ambiguity will result, it is often referred to as simply the medulla. The medulla contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centers and deals withautonomic functions, such as breathing, heart rate and blood pressure. ------ Medulla
s a region of the brain that plays an important role in the integration of sensory perception, coordination and motor control. In order to coordinate motor control, there are many neural pathways linking the cerebellum with the cerebralmotor cortex (which sends information to the muscles causing them to move) and the spinocerebellar tract (which provides proprioceptivefeedback on the position of the body in space). The cerebellum integrates these pathways using the constant feedback to fine-tune motor activity.[1] ------ Cerebellum
1 ------ 2
3 ------ 4
is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the brain. ------ Spinal Chord
is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain, and rests in a small, bony cavity (sella turcica) covered by a dural fold (diaphragma sellae). The pituitary fossa, in which the pituitary gland sits, is situated in the sphenoid bone in the middle cranial fossa at the base of thebrain.The pituitary gland secretes hormones regulating homeostasis, including tropic hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands. It is functionally connected to the hypothalamus by the median eminence. ------ Pituitary
is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis). is located below the thalamus, just above the brain stem. In the terminology of neuroanatomy, it forms the ventral part of the diencephalon. All vertebrate brains contain a hypothalamus. In humans, it is roughly the size of an almond. is responsible for certain metabolic processes and other activities of the Autonomic Nervous System. It synthesizes and secretes neurohormones, often called hypothalamic-releasing hormones, and these in turn stimulate or inhibit the secretion of pituitaryhormones. The hypothalamus controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, [1] fatigue, and circadian cycles. ------ Hypothalamus
 is the part of the brain where the optic nerves (CN II) partially cross. The optic chiasm is located at the bottom of the brain immediately below the hypothalamus.  Specifically, in the optic chiasm, the nerves connected to the right eye that attend to the left temporal visual field (located in the right retina) remain on the right (ipsilateral) side of the brain, and the nerves from the left eye that attend to the right temporal visual field (located in the left retina) remain on the left (ipsilateral) half of the brain ------ Optic chiasm
The Anterior Commissure (precommissure) is a bundle of nerve fibers (white matter), connecting the two cerebral hemispheres across the midline, and placed in front of the columns of the fornix. In a sagittal section, the anterior commissure is oval in shape, having a long vertical axis that measures about 5 mm. ------ Anterior Commissure
is a rounded band of white fibers crossing the middle line on the dorsal aspect of the upper end of the cerebral aqueduct. It is important in the bilateral pupillary light reflex. ------ Posterior Commissure
s a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain. It produces melatonin, a hormone that affects the modulation of wake/sleep patterns and photoperiodic (seasonal) functions.[1][2] It is shaped like a tiny pine cone (hence its name), and is located near to the center of the brain, between the twohemispheres, tucked in a groove where the two rounded thalamic bodies join. ------ Pineal Body
is a layered structure, with a number of layers that varies by species. The superficial layers are sensory-related, and receive input from the eyes as well as other sensory systems.[1] The deep layers are motor-related, capable of activating eye movements as well as other responses. There are also intermediate layers, with multi-sensory cells and motor properties.The general function of the tectal system is to direct behavioral responses toward specific points in egocentric ("body-centered") space. Each layer of the tectum contains a topographic map of the surrounding world in retinotopic coordinates ------ Superior Colliculus
lies caudal to its counterpart - the superior colliculus - above the trochlear nerve, and at the base of the projection of the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN).The inferior colliculus is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several more peripheral brainstem nuclei in the auditory pathway ------ Inferior Colliculus
is a thin, triangular, vertical membrane separating the lateral ventricles of thebrain. It separates the anterior horn of the left and right lateral ventricles. It runs as a sheet from the corpus callosum down to the fornix. When the hemispheres are cut apart, the septum remains on one hemisphere, usually the left. The septum pellucidum is implicated in pleasure, mood, rage, sexual gratification and more. Lesions of the septum lead to sham rage. Stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (primary efferent of the septum) restores normal behavior. ------ Septum Pellucidum
is a C-shaped bundle of fibres (axons) in the brain, and carries signals from the hippocampus to themammillary bodies and septal nuclei. ------ Fornix
exhibits a slight constriction or neck, where it joins the body of the axis ------ Odontoid Process of the Axis
s the blood supply to the brain in a given time.[1] In an adult, CBF is typically 750 millitres per minute or 15% of the cardiac output. ------ Cerebral blood flow
is the largest artery in the body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and bringing oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation.[2] ------ Aorta
is an artery of the mediastinum that supplies blood to the right arm and the head and neck.It is the first branch of the aortic arch, and soon after it emerges, the brachiocephalic artery divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery.There is no brachiocephalic artery for the left side of the body. The left common carotid, and the left subclavian artery, come directly off the aortic arch. However, there are two brachiocephalic veins. ------ Brachiocephalic Artery
is a major artery of the upper thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms. It is located below the clavicle, hence the name. There is a left subclavian and a right subclavian.On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the arch of aorta.On the right side of the body, the subclavian arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. ------ Subclavian artery
is an artery that supplies the head and neck with oxygenated blood; it divides in the neck to form the external and internal carotid arteries.[1] ------ common carotid artery
is a major artery of the head and neck. It arises from the common carotid artery when it bifurcates into an internal and external branch. Providing oxygenated blood to the facial region. ------ external carotid artery
is a major artery of the head and neck that helps supply blood to the brain. ------ Internal carotid artery
posterior part of circle of Willis and anastomoses with blood supplied to the anterior part of the circle of Willis from the carotid arteries. Inside the skull, the two vertebral arteries join up to form the basilar artery at the base of the medulla oblongata. ------ vertebral artery
 arises from the confluence of the two vertebral arteries at the junction between the medulla oblongata and the pons.It ascends in the central gutter (sulcus basilaris) inferior to the pons and divides into the posterior cerebral arteries and thesuperior cerebellar artery just inferior to the pituitary stalk.From the basilar artery arises the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (supplying the superior and inferior aspects of thecerebellum), as well as smaller branches for the supply of the pons (the pontine branches). ------ basilar artery
(ACA) are a pair of arteries on the brain that supply oxygen to most medial portions of frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes. The 2 anterior cerebral arteries arise from the internal carotid artery and are part of the Circle of Willis. ------ anterior cerebral artery
 is classified as a flat bone that makes up part of the shoulder girdle (pectoral girdle). It receives its name from the Latin clavicula ("little key") because the bone rotates along its axis like a key when the shoulder is abducted. This movement is palpable. In some people, particularly females who may have less fat in this region, the location of the bone is clearly visible as it creates a bulge in the skin. ------ Clavicle
 (PCA) is one of a pair of blood vessels that supplies oxygenated blood to the posterior aspect of the brain (occipital lobe) in human anatomy]. It arises near the intersection of the posterior communicating artery and thebasilar artery and connects with the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) and internal carotid artery via the posterior communicating artery (PCommA). ------ posterior cerebral artery
(SCA) arises near the termination of the basilar artery.[1]It passes lateralward, immediately below the oculomotor nerve, which separates it from the posterior cerebral artery, winds around the cerebral peduncle, close to the trochlear nerve, and, arriving at the upper surface of the cerebellum, divides into branches which ramify in the pia mater and anastomose with those of the inferior cerebellar arteries.Several branches are given to the pineal body, the anterior medullary velum, and the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle. ------ superior cerebellar artery
 passes backward to be distributed to the anterior part of the under surface of thecerebellum, anastomosing with the posterior inferior cerebellar branch of the vertebral. It supplies the anterior inferior quarter of the cerebellum. ------ anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
(PICA), the largest branch of the vertebral, is one of the three main arterial bloodsupplies for the cerebellum. ------ Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
connects the two anterior cerebral arteries across the commencement of the longitudinal fissure. Sometimes this vessel is wanting, the two arteries joining together to form a single trunk, which afterward divides; or it may be wholly, or partially, divided into two.  ------ Anterior communication artery
is a one of a pair of right-sided and left-sided blood vessels in the circle of Willis. It connects the three cerebral arteries of the same side. Anteriorly, it is one portion of the terminal trifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery are the other two branches of the trifurcation. Posteriorly, it communicates with the posterior cerebral artery. ------ Posterior  communicating artery

Side A ------ Side B
v ------ Mid-Sagittal Brain
A thin mantle of gray matter about the size of a formal dinner napkin covering the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. The cerebral cortex is crumpled and folded, forming numerous convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci). It is made up of six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them. The cerebral cortex is responsible for the processes of thought, perception and memory and serves as the seat of advanced motor function, social abilities, language, and problem solving. ------ Cerebral Cortex
is a structure of the mammalian brain in the longitudinal fissure that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres. It facilitates communication between the two hemispheres. It is the largest white matter structure in the brain, consisting of 200-250 millioncontralateral axonal projections. It is a wide, flat bundle of axons beneath the cortex. Much of the inter-hemispheric communication in the brain is conducted across the corpus callosum ------ Corpus Callosum
is between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain, both in terms of its location and its neurological connections. Its function includes relaying sensation, special sense and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, along with the regulation of consciousness, sleep and alertness. The thalamus surrounds the third ventricle. It is the main product of the embryonic diencephalon. ------ Thalamus
The medulla oblongata is the lower half of the brainstem. In discussions of neurology and similar contexts where no ambiguity will result, it is often referred to as simply the medulla. The medulla contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centers and deals withautonomic functions, such as breathing, heart rate and blood pressure. ------ Medulla
s a region of the brain that plays an important role in the integration of sensory perception, coordination and motor control. In order to coordinate motor control, there are many neural pathways linking the cerebellum with the cerebralmotor cortex (which sends information to the muscles causing them to move) and the spinocerebellar tract (which provides proprioceptivefeedback on the position of the body in space). The cerebellum integrates these pathways using the constant feedback to fine-tune motor activity.[1] ------ Cerebellum
1 ------ 2
3 ------ 4
is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the brain. ------ Spinal Chord
is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain, and rests in a small, bony cavity (sella turcica) covered by a dural fold (diaphragma sellae). The pituitary fossa, in which the pituitary gland sits, is situated in the sphenoid bone in the middle cranial fossa at the base of thebrain.The pituitary gland secretes hormones regulating homeostasis, including tropic hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands. It is functionally connected to the hypothalamus by the median eminence. ------ Pituitary
is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis). is located below the thalamus, just above the brain stem. In the terminology of neuroanatomy, it forms the ventral part of the diencephalon. All vertebrate brains contain a hypothalamus. In humans, it is roughly the size of an almond. is responsible for certain metabolic processes and other activities of the Autonomic Nervous System. It synthesizes and secretes neurohormones, often called hypothalamic-releasing hormones, and these in turn stimulate or inhibit the secretion of pituitaryhormones. The hypothalamus controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, [1] fatigue, and circadian cycles. ------ Hypothalamus
 is the part of the brain where the optic nerves (CN II) partially cross. The optic chiasm is located at the bottom of the brain immediately below the hypothalamus.  Specifically, in the optic chiasm, the nerves connected to the right eye that attend to the left temporal visual field (located in the right retina) remain on the right (ipsilateral) side of the brain, and the nerves from the left eye that attend to the right temporal visual field (located in the left retina) remain on the left (ipsilateral) half of the brain ------ Optic chiasm
The Anterior Commissure (precommissure) is a bundle of nerve fibers (white matter), connecting the two cerebral hemispheres across the midline, and placed in front of the columns of the fornix. In a sagittal section, the anterior commissure is oval in shape, having a long vertical axis that measures about 5 mm. ------ Anterior Commissure
is a rounded band of white fibers crossing the middle line on the dorsal aspect of the upper end of the cerebral aqueduct. It is important in the bilateral pupillary light reflex. ------ Posterior Commissure
s a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain. It produces melatonin, a hormone that affects the modulation of wake/sleep patterns and photoperiodic (seasonal) functions.[1][2] It is shaped like a tiny pine cone (hence its name), and is located near to the center of the brain, between the twohemispheres, tucked in a groove where the two rounded thalamic bodies join. ------ Pineal Body
is a layered structure, with a number of layers that varies by species. The superficial layers are sensory-related, and receive input from the eyes as well as other sensory systems.[1] The deep layers are motor-related, capable of activating eye movements as well as other responses. There are also intermediate layers, with multi-sensory cells and motor properties.The general function of the tectal system is to direct behavioral responses toward specific points in egocentric ("body-centered") space. Each layer of the tectum contains a topographic map of the surrounding world in retinotopic coordinates ------ Superior Colliculus
lies caudal to its counterpart - the superior colliculus - above the trochlear nerve, and at the base of the projection of the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN).The inferior colliculus is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several more peripheral brainstem nuclei in the auditory pathway ------ Inferior Colliculus
is a thin, triangular, vertical membrane separating the lateral ventricles of thebrain. It separates the anterior horn of the left and right lateral ventricles. It runs as a sheet from the corpus callosum down to the fornix. When the hemispheres are cut apart, the septum remains on one hemisphere, usually the left. The septum pellucidum is implicated in pleasure, mood, rage, sexual gratification and more. Lesions of the septum lead to sham rage. Stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (primary efferent of the septum) restores normal behavior. ------ Septum Pellucidum
is a C-shaped bundle of fibres (axons) in the brain, and carries signals from the hippocampus to themammillary bodies and septal nuclei. ------ Fornix
exhibits a slight constriction or neck, where it joins the body of the axis ------ Odontoid Process of the Axis
s the blood supply to the brain in a given time.[1] In an adult, CBF is typically 750 millitres per minute or 15% of the cardiac output. ------ Cerebral blood flow
is the largest artery in the body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and bringing oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation.[2] ------ Aorta
is an artery of the mediastinum that supplies blood to the right arm and the head and neck.It is the first branch of the aortic arch, and soon after it emerges, the brachiocephalic artery divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery.There is no brachiocephalic artery for the left side of the body. The left common carotid, and the left subclavian artery, come directly off the aortic arch. However, there are two brachiocephalic veins. ------ Brachiocephalic Artery
is a major artery of the upper thorax that mainly supplies blood to the head and arms. It is located below the clavicle, hence the name. There is a left subclavian and a right subclavian.On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the arch of aorta.On the right side of the body, the subclavian arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery (trunk) when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. ------ Subclavian artery
is an artery that supplies the head and neck with oxygenated blood; it divides in the neck to form the external and internal carotid arteries.[1] ------ common carotid artery
is a major artery of the head and neck. It arises from the common carotid artery when it bifurcates into an internal and external branch. Providing oxygenated blood to the facial region. ------ external carotid artery
is a major artery of the head and neck that helps supply blood to the brain. ------ Internal carotid artery
posterior part of circle of Willis and anastomoses with blood supplied to the anterior part of the circle of Willis from the carotid arteries. Inside the skull, the two vertebral arteries join up to form the basilar artery at the base of the medulla oblongata. ------ vertebral artery
 arises from the confluence of the two vertebral arteries at the junction between the medulla oblongata and the pons.It ascends in the central gutter (sulcus basilaris) inferior to the pons and divides into the posterior cerebral arteries and thesuperior cerebellar artery just inferior to the pituitary stalk.From the basilar artery arises the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (supplying the superior and inferior aspects of thecerebellum), as well as smaller branches for the supply of the pons (the pontine branches). ------ basilar artery
(ACA) are a pair of arteries on the brain that supply oxygen to most medial portions of frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes. The 2 anterior cerebral arteries arise from the internal carotid artery and are part of the Circle of Willis. ------ anterior cerebral artery
 is classified as a flat bone that makes up part of the shoulder girdle (pectoral girdle). It receives its name from the Latin clavicula ("little key") because the bone rotates along its axis like a key when the shoulder is abducted. This movement is palpable. In some people, particularly females who may have less fat in this region, the location of the bone is clearly visible as it creates a bulge in the skin. ------ Clavicle
 (PCA) is one of a pair of blood vessels that supplies oxygenated blood to the posterior aspect of the brain (occipital lobe) in human anatomy]. It arises near the intersection of the posterior communicating artery and thebasilar artery and connects with the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) and internal carotid artery via the posterior communicating artery (PCommA). ------ posterior cerebral artery
(SCA) arises near the termination of the basilar artery.[1]It passes lateralward, immediately below the oculomotor nerve, which separates it from the posterior cerebral artery, winds around the cerebral peduncle, close to the trochlear nerve, and, arriving at the upper surface of the cerebellum, divides into branches which ramify in the pia mater and anastomose with those of the inferior cerebellar arteries.Several branches are given to the pineal body, the anterior medullary velum, and the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle. ------ superior cerebellar artery
 passes backward to be distributed to the anterior part of the under surface of thecerebellum, anastomosing with the posterior inferior cerebellar branch of the vertebral. It supplies the anterior inferior quarter of the cerebellum. ------ anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
(PICA), the largest branch of the vertebral, is one of the three main arterial bloodsupplies for the cerebellum. ------ Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
connects the two anterior cerebral arteries across the commencement of the longitudinal fissure. Sometimes this vessel is wanting, the two arteries joining together to form a single trunk, which afterward divides; or it may be wholly, or partially, divided into two.  ------ Anterior communication artery
is a one of a pair of right-sided and left-sided blood vessels in the circle of Willis. It connects the three cerebral arteries of the same side. Anteriorly, it is one portion of the terminal trifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery are the other two branches of the trifurcation. Posteriorly, it communicates with the posterior cerebral artery. ------ Posterior  communicating artery