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Side A ------ Side B
ADDITIONAL WORD PARTS ------ ROOTS AND SUFFIXES USED TO BUILD MEDICAL TERMS
ROOT ------ MEANING
cellul/o ------ cell
cis/o ------  to cut
comat/o ------ deep sleep
digest/o ------ digestion
duct/o ------ to draw
later/o ------ side/ lateral
nat/o ------ birth
sept/o ------ infection
son/o ------ sound
SUFFIX ------ MEANING
-aise ------ ease
-ar ------ pertaining to 
-cuspid ------ projection; cusps
-drome ------ to run
-form ------ shape; form
-genous ------ produced by
-gnosis ------ knowledge
-mortem ------ death
-plasm ------ development; formation
-plegia ------ paralysis
version ------ turning; tilting
PREFIXES REFERRING TO DIRECTION AND POSITION ------ THE FOLLOWING PREFIXES TELL US WHICH DIRECTION, WHERE, WHEN, AND HOW MUCH
ab-  ------ away from
-ion ------ process
duct/o ------ to draw
abduction ------ process of drawing away from
ad- ------ toward
-ion ------ process
duct/o ------ to draw
adduction ------ process of drawing toward
ante- ------ before
-al ------ pertaining to 
nat/o ------ birth
antenatal ------ pertaining to before birth, referring to the fetus; prenatal NOTE: Fetus is the name given to the unborn infant
circum- ------ around
-ion ------ process
duct/o ------  to draw
circumduction ------ process of drawing a part in a circular motion
dia- ------ -meter
diameter ------ measurement from edge to edge of a circle NOTE: In this word, the suffix -meter means measurement not instrument used to measure
-gnosis ------ knowledge
diagnosis ------ one disease is different from another disease after complete knowledge of the disease is obtained through a study of the signs and symptoms, and through laboratory, x-ray, and other diagnostic procedures
ecto- ------ outside
-genous ------ produced by; produced from
ectogenous ------ produced from the outside; infection that originates from the outside
endo- ------ within
-scope ------ instrument used to visually examine a body cavity or organ
endoscope ------ instrument used to visually examine a body cavity or organ NOTE: Endoscopes are named after the organ being examined.  For example a gastroscope, laparoscope, and a colonoscope are used to visualize the stomach, abdominal cavity, and colon, respectively
epi- ------ upon; on; above
-ic ------ pertaining to 
gastr/o ------ stomach
epigastric ------ pertaining to upon the stomach
e-; ex-; exo-; extra- ------ out; outward; outside
-version ------ process of turning
eversion ------ process of turning out, as in the turning of the sole of the foot outward 
-ion ------ process
cis/o ------ cut
excision ------ process of cutting out
-ar ------ pertaining to 
ocul/o ------ eye
extraocular ------ pertaining to outside the eye
hyper- ------ excessive; above
-plasia ------ formation; development
hyperplasia ------ excessive formation; increase in the number of normal cells
hypo- ------ below; under; deficient
-ic ------ pertaining to 
gastr/o ------ stomach
hypogastric ------ pertaining to below the stomach
in- ------ in; into
-ion ------ process
cis/o ------ to cut
incision ------ process of cutting into NOTE: Types of incisions include (A) Mc Burney, over the appendix; (B) Pfannenstiel, a curved lower abdominal incision; (C) subcostal, below the ribs; (D) suprapubic, above the pubic area; (E) transverse, a horizontal incision; (F) midline or epigastric, vertical incision at the midline; (G) paramedian, vertical incision near the midline; and (H) umbilical cord incision, through the umbilicus for scopic surgery
-version ------ process of turning
inversion ------ process of turning in, as in the turning of the sold of the foot inward 
infra- ------ below; beneath
-al ------ pertaining to 
cost/o ------ rib
infracostal ------ pertaining to below the ribs
inter- ------ between
-ar ------ pertaining to 
cellul/o ------ cell
intercellular ------ pertaining to between the cells
intra- ------ within
-al ------ pertaining to 
crani/o ------ skull
intracranial ------ pertaining to within the skull
meta- ------ beyond
-plasia ------ formation; development
metaplasia ------ change in formation
-stasis ------ stopping; controlling
metastasis ------ the uncontrolled spread of cancerous cells from one organ to another NOTE: A malignant tumor will undergo metastasis
para- ------ beside; near
-al ------ pertaining to 
nas/o ------ nose
paranasal ------ pertaining to near the nose
per- ------ through
-ous ------ pertaining to
cutane/o ------ skin
percutaneous ------ pertaining to through the skin
peri- ------ around
-itis ------ inflammation
neur/o ------ nerve
perineuritis ------ inflammation around a nerve
post- ------ after
-mortem ------ death
postmortem ------ after death
pre- ------ before; in front of 
-al ------ pertaining to 
nat/o ------ birth
prenatal ------ pertaining to before birth, referring to the fetus
pro- ------ before
-drome ------ to run
prodrome ------ symptom or symptoms occurring before the onset of disease.  For example, chest pain, tiredness, and shortness of breath are prodromal symptoms of a heart attack
-gnosis ------ knowledge
prognosis ------ prediction or forecast of the outcome of the disease
retro- ------ back; behind
-version ------ process of turning
retroversion ------ backward turning or tipping of an organ
sub- ------ under; below
-ous  ------ pertaining to 
cutane/o ------ skin
subcutaneous ------ pertaining to under the skin; for example subcutaneous fat
-al ------ pertaining to 
lingu/o ------ tongue
sublingual ------ pertaining to under the tongue
supra- ------ above
-al ------ pertaining to 
ren/o ------ kidney
suprarenal ------ pertaining to above the kidney
trans- ------ across
-ion ------ process
sect/o ------ cut
transection ------ process of cutting across
ultra- ------ beyond
-graphy ------ process of recording
son/o ------ sound
ultrasonography ------ process of recording an image of internal structures by using high frequency sound waves; also known as ultrasound 
NEGATIVE PREFIXES ------ PREFIXES THAT MEAN AGAINST, NOT, OR LACKING
anti- ------ against
-tic ------ pertaining to 
bi/o ------ life
antibiotic ------ drug used to kill harmful bacteria
a-; an- ------ no; not; lack of 
-ic ------ pertaining to 
sept/o ------ infection
aseptic ------ free from infectious material
-emia ------ blood condition
anemia ------ lack of red blood cells (RBC's); lack of hemoglobin (Hgb)
contra- ------ against; opposite
-al  ------ pertaining to 
later/o ------ side
contralateral ------ pertaining to the opposite side
in- ------ not
-ible ------ able to be; tending to 
digest/o ------ digestion
indigestible ------ not capable of being digested
PREFIXES REFERRING TO NUMBERS ------ PREFIXES THAT TELL US HOW MANY
bi-; di- ------ two
-al ------ pertaining to 
later/o ------ side
bilateral ------ pertaining to two sides
-ion ------ pertaining to 
sect/o ------ to cut
dissection ------ to cut into two pieces 
hemi-; semi- ------ half
-ectomy ------ excision
gastr/o ------ stomach
hemigastrectomy ------ excision of half the stomach
semi- ------ half
comat/o ------ deep sleep
semicomatose ------ state of unconsciousness from which the patient may be aroused
mono-; uni- ------ one
-cyte ------ cell
monocyte ------ blood cell with a single nucleus 
-al ------ pertaining to 
later/o ------ side
unilateral ------ pertaining to one side
multi-; poly- ------ many
-form ------ shape; form
multiform ------ having many shapes
-oma ------ tumor
aden/o ------ gland
polyadenoma ------ tumor of many glands
quadri-  ------ four
-al ------ pertaining to 
later/o ------ side
quadrilateral ------ pertaining to four sides
tri- ------ three
-cuspid ------ projection; cusp
tricuspid ------ three cusps or projections NOTE: The tricuspids or molars are teeth with three projections for grinding and cutting food
MISCELLANEOUS PREFIXES ------ PREFIXES THAT TELL US VARIOUS QUALITIES
ana- ------ apart; up
-tomy ------ process of cutting; to cut
anatomy ------ the study of the structure of the body NOTE: This term is derived from the fact that, to study structure, one must cut up, or dissect, the body
auto- ------ self
-opsy ------ to view
autopsy ------ internal and external examination of the body after death to determine the cause of death; also called necropsy or postmortem examination
brady- ------ slow
-ia ------ state of; condition
cardi/o ------  heart
bradycardia ------ pertaining to a slow heartbeat
dys- ------ bad; abnormal; difficult; painful
-plasia ------ development; formation
dysplasia ------ abnormal development
macro- ------ large
-ia ------ state of; condition
cephal/o ------ head
macrocephalia ------ excessively large head
mal- ------ bad
-aise ------ ease
malaise ------ a feeling of uneasiness or discomfort; a sign of illness
micro ------ small
-scope ------ instrument used to visually examine
microscope ------ instrument used to visually examine very small objects
neo- ------ new
-plasm ------ development; formation
neoplasm ------ new formation of tissue such as an abnormal growth or tumor
pan- ------ all 
-ectomy ------ excision; surgical removal
hyster/o ------ uterus
panhysterectomy ------ excision of all the uterus
syn-; sym- ------ together; with; joined
-tic ------ pertaining to 
arthr/o ------ joint
synarthrotic ------ a type of joint in which the bones are joined
-metry ------ process of measuring
symmetry ------ like parts on opposite sides of the body are similar in form, size, and position
tachy- ------ fast; rapid
-ia ------ condition
cardi/o ------ heart
tachycardia ------ pertaining to fast heartbeat of over 100 beats per minute
tetra- ------ four
-plegia ------ paralysis
tetraplegia ------ paralysis of all four limbs; also known as quadriplegia
SUMMARY OF PREFIXES THAT HAVE THE SAME MEANING ------ PREFIXES THAT MEAN THE SAME THING
MEANING ------ PREFIX
above ------ epi-; hyper-; supra-
against ------ anti-; contra-
around ------ circum-; peri-
bad ------ dys-; mal-
before ------ ante-; pre-; pro-
below ------ hypo-; infra-; sub-
half ------ hemi-; semi-
many ------ multi-; poly-
one ------ mono-; uni-;
outside ------ e-; ex-; extra-; ecto-; exo-
within ------ endo-; intra-
SUMMARY OF PREFIXES THAT HAVE THE OPPOSITE MEANING ------ PREFIXES THAT MEAN EXACTLY THE OPPOSITE OF EACH OTHER
MEANING ------ PREFIX
away from ------ ab-
toward ------ ad-
before ------ ante-; pre-; pro-
after ------ post
above ------ epi-; hyper-; supra
below ------ hypo-; infra-; sub-
fast ------ tachy-
slow ------ brady-
excessive ------ hyper-
deficient ------ hypo-
large ------ macro-
small ------ micro-
apart ------ ana-
together; with; joined ------ syn-

Side A ------ Side B
ADDITIONAL WORD PARTS ------ ROOTS AND SUFFIXES USED TO BUILD MEDICAL TERMS
ROOT ------ MEANING
cellul/o ------ cell
cis/o ------  to cut
comat/o ------ deep sleep
digest/o ------ digestion
duct/o ------ to draw
later/o ------ side/ lateral
nat/o ------ birth
sept/o ------ infection
son/o ------ sound
SUFFIX ------ MEANING
-aise ------ ease
-ar ------ pertaining to 
-cuspid ------ projection; cusps
-drome ------ to run
-form ------ shape; form
-genous ------ produced by
-gnosis ------ knowledge
-mortem ------ death
-plasm ------ development; formation
-plegia ------ paralysis
version ------ turning; tilting
PREFIXES REFERRING TO DIRECTION AND POSITION ------ THE FOLLOWING PREFIXES TELL US WHICH DIRECTION, WHERE, WHEN, AND HOW MUCH
ab-  ------ away from
-ion ------ process
duct/o ------ to draw
abduction ------ process of drawing away from
ad- ------ toward
-ion ------ process
duct/o ------ to draw
adduction ------ process of drawing toward
ante- ------ before
-al ------ pertaining to 
nat/o ------ birth
antenatal ------ pertaining to before birth, referring to the fetus; prenatal NOTE: Fetus is the name given to the unborn infant
circum- ------ around
-ion ------ process
duct/o ------  to draw
circumduction ------ process of drawing a part in a circular motion
dia- ------ -meter
diameter ------ measurement from edge to edge of a circle NOTE: In this word, the suffix -meter means measurement not instrument used to measure
-gnosis ------ knowledge
diagnosis ------ one disease is different from another disease after complete knowledge of the disease is obtained through a study of the signs and symptoms, and through laboratory, x-ray, and other diagnostic procedures
ecto- ------ outside
-genous ------ produced by; produced from
ectogenous ------ produced from the outside; infection that originates from the outside
endo- ------ within
-scope ------ instrument used to visually examine a body cavity or organ
endoscope ------ instrument used to visually examine a body cavity or organ NOTE: Endoscopes are named after the organ being examined.  For example a gastroscope, laparoscope, and a colonoscope are used to visualize the stomach, abdominal cavity, and colon, respectively
epi- ------ upon; on; above
-ic ------ pertaining to 
gastr/o ------ stomach
epigastric ------ pertaining to upon the stomach
e-; ex-; exo-; extra- ------ out; outward; outside
-version ------ process of turning
eversion ------ process of turning out, as in the turning of the sole of the foot outward 
-ion ------ process
cis/o ------ cut
excision ------ process of cutting out
-ar ------ pertaining to 
ocul/o ------ eye
extraocular ------ pertaining to outside the eye
hyper- ------ excessive; above
-plasia ------ formation; development
hyperplasia ------ excessive formation; increase in the number of normal cells
hypo- ------ below; under; deficient
-ic ------ pertaining to 
gastr/o ------ stomach
hypogastric ------ pertaining to below the stomach
in- ------ in; into
-ion ------ process
cis/o ------ to cut
incision ------ process of cutting into NOTE: Types of incisions include (A) Mc Burney, over the appendix; (B) Pfannenstiel, a curved lower abdominal incision; (C) subcostal, below the ribs; (D) suprapubic, above the pubic area; (E) transverse, a horizontal incision; (F) midline or epigastric, vertical incision at the midline; (G) paramedian, vertical incision near the midline; and (H) umbilical cord incision, through the umbilicus for scopic surgery
-version ------ process of turning
inversion ------ process of turning in, as in the turning of the sold of the foot inward 
infra- ------ below; beneath
-al ------ pertaining to 
cost/o ------ rib
infracostal ------ pertaining to below the ribs
inter- ------ between
-ar ------ pertaining to 
cellul/o ------ cell
intercellular ------ pertaining to between the cells
intra- ------ within
-al ------ pertaining to 
crani/o ------ skull
intracranial ------ pertaining to within the skull
meta- ------ beyond
-plasia ------ formation; development
metaplasia ------ change in formation
-stasis ------ stopping; controlling
metastasis ------ the uncontrolled spread of cancerous cells from one organ to another NOTE: A malignant tumor will undergo metastasis
para- ------ beside; near
-al ------ pertaining to 
nas/o ------ nose
paranasal ------ pertaining to near the nose
per- ------ through
-ous ------ pertaining to
cutane/o ------ skin
percutaneous ------ pertaining to through the skin
peri- ------ around
-itis ------ inflammation
neur/o ------ nerve
perineuritis ------ inflammation around a nerve
post- ------ after
-mortem ------ death
postmortem ------ after death
pre- ------ before; in front of 
-al ------ pertaining to 
nat/o ------ birth
prenatal ------ pertaining to before birth, referring to the fetus
pro- ------ before
-drome ------ to run
prodrome ------ symptom or symptoms occurring before the onset of disease.  For example, chest pain, tiredness, and shortness of breath are prodromal symptoms of a heart attack
-gnosis ------ knowledge
prognosis ------ prediction or forecast of the outcome of the disease
retro- ------ back; behind
-version ------ process of turning
retroversion ------ backward turning or tipping of an organ
sub- ------ under; below
-ous  ------ pertaining to 
cutane/o ------ skin
subcutaneous ------ pertaining to under the skin; for example subcutaneous fat
-al ------ pertaining to 
lingu/o ------ tongue
sublingual ------ pertaining to under the tongue
supra- ------ above
-al ------ pertaining to 
ren/o ------ kidney
suprarenal ------ pertaining to above the kidney
trans- ------ across
-ion ------ process
sect/o ------ cut
transection ------ process of cutting across
ultra- ------ beyond
-graphy ------ process of recording
son/o ------ sound
ultrasonography ------ process of recording an image of internal structures by using high frequency sound waves; also known as ultrasound 
NEGATIVE PREFIXES ------ PREFIXES THAT MEAN AGAINST, NOT, OR LACKING
anti- ------ against
-tic ------ pertaining to 
bi/o ------ life
antibiotic ------ drug used to kill harmful bacteria
a-; an- ------ no; not; lack of 
-ic ------ pertaining to 
sept/o ------ infection
aseptic ------ free from infectious material
-emia ------ blood condition
anemia ------ lack of red blood cells (RBC's); lack of hemoglobin (Hgb)
contra- ------ against; opposite
-al  ------ pertaining to 
later/o ------ side
contralateral ------ pertaining to the opposite side
in- ------ not
-ible ------ able to be; tending to 
digest/o ------ digestion
indigestible ------ not capable of being digested
PREFIXES REFERRING TO NUMBERS ------ PREFIXES THAT TELL US HOW MANY
bi-; di- ------ two
-al ------ pertaining to 
later/o ------ side
bilateral ------ pertaining to two sides
-ion ------ pertaining to 
sect/o ------ to cut
dissection ------ to cut into two pieces 
hemi-; semi- ------ half
-ectomy ------ excision
gastr/o ------ stomach
hemigastrectomy ------ excision of half the stomach
semi- ------ half
comat/o ------ deep sleep
semicomatose ------ state of unconsciousness from which the patient may be aroused
mono-; uni- ------ one
-cyte ------ cell
monocyte ------ blood cell with a single nucleus 
-al ------ pertaining to 
later/o ------ side
unilateral ------ pertaining to one side
multi-; poly- ------ many
-form ------ shape; form
multiform ------ having many shapes
-oma ------ tumor
aden/o ------ gland
polyadenoma ------ tumor of many glands
quadri-  ------ four
-al ------ pertaining to 
later/o ------ side
quadrilateral ------ pertaining to four sides
tri- ------ three
-cuspid ------ projection; cusp
tricuspid ------ three cusps or projections NOTE: The tricuspids or molars are teeth with three projections for grinding and cutting food
MISCELLANEOUS PREFIXES ------ PREFIXES THAT TELL US VARIOUS QUALITIES
ana- ------ apart; up
-tomy ------ process of cutting; to cut
anatomy ------ the study of the structure of the body NOTE: This term is derived from the fact that, to study structure, one must cut up, or dissect, the body
auto- ------ self
-opsy ------ to view
autopsy ------ internal and external examination of the body after death to determine the cause of death; also called necropsy or postmortem examination
brady- ------ slow
-ia ------ state of; condition
cardi/o ------  heart
bradycardia ------ pertaining to a slow heartbeat
dys- ------ bad; abnormal; difficult; painful
-plasia ------ development; formation
dysplasia ------ abnormal development
macro- ------ large
-ia ------ state of; condition
cephal/o ------ head
macrocephalia ------ excessively large head
mal- ------ bad
-aise ------ ease
malaise ------ a feeling of uneasiness or discomfort; a sign of illness
micro ------ small
-scope ------ instrument used to visually examine
microscope ------ instrument used to visually examine very small objects
neo- ------ new
-plasm ------ development; formation
neoplasm ------ new formation of tissue such as an abnormal growth or tumor
pan- ------ all 
-ectomy ------ excision; surgical removal
hyster/o ------ uterus
panhysterectomy ------ excision of all the uterus
syn-; sym- ------ together; with; joined
-tic ------ pertaining to 
arthr/o ------ joint
synarthrotic ------ a type of joint in which the bones are joined
-metry ------ process of measuring
symmetry ------ like parts on opposite sides of the body are similar in form, size, and position
tachy- ------ fast; rapid
-ia ------ condition
cardi/o ------ heart
tachycardia ------ pertaining to fast heartbeat of over 100 beats per minute
tetra- ------ four
-plegia ------ paralysis
tetraplegia ------ paralysis of all four limbs; also known as quadriplegia
SUMMARY OF PREFIXES THAT HAVE THE SAME MEANING ------ PREFIXES THAT MEAN THE SAME THING
MEANING ------ PREFIX
above ------ epi-; hyper-; supra-
against ------ anti-; contra-
around ------ circum-; peri-
bad ------ dys-; mal-
before ------ ante-; pre-; pro-
below ------ hypo-; infra-; sub-
half ------ hemi-; semi-
many ------ multi-; poly-
one ------ mono-; uni-;
outside ------ e-; ex-; extra-; ecto-; exo-
within ------ endo-; intra-
SUMMARY OF PREFIXES THAT HAVE THE OPPOSITE MEANING ------ PREFIXES THAT MEAN EXACTLY THE OPPOSITE OF EACH OTHER
MEANING ------ PREFIX
away from ------ ab-
toward ------ ad-
before ------ ante-; pre-; pro-
after ------ post
above ------ epi-; hyper-; supra
below ------ hypo-; infra-; sub-
fast ------ tachy-
slow ------ brady-
excessive ------ hyper-
deficient ------ hypo-
large ------ macro-
small ------ micro-
apart ------ ana-
together; with; joined ------ syn-