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Chapter 8 - Medical Terminology
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Side A ------ Side B cardiovascular system (CV) ------ composed of the heart and blood vessels Three major types of vessels ------ 1. artery2. capillary3. vein arteries ------ carries blood away from the heart lumen ------ the size of the lumen can be altered depending on the needs of the body vasoconstriction ------ when lumen contracts to decrease blood flow vasodilation ------ when lumen relaxes and causes increase in blood flow pulse ------ surge of blood felt in the arteries when blood is pumped from the heart oxygenated ------ high concentration of O2 and appears bright red arterioles ------ small arteries that sends blood to the capillaries capillaries ------ microscopic vessels that join the arterial system with the venous system veins ------ return blood to the heart deoxygenated ------ low concentrations of O2 heart ------ muscular pump that propels blood to entire body through a closed vascular system endocardium ------ serous membrane that lines heart chambers myocardium ------ muscular layer of the heart epicardium ------ outermost layer of the heart four chambers of the heart ------ right and left atrium, right and left ventricle right and left atrium ------ collect blood right ventricle ------ lower chamber that pumps blood to the lungs left ventricle ------ pumps blood from the heart pulmonary circulation ------ right ventricle pumps blood to lungs for oxygenations systemic circulation ------ left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to entire body right coronary artery ------ artery vascularizing the right side of the heart coronary arteries ------ give hear tissue its own O2 conduction tissue ------ cardiac tissue that has the sole function of initiating and spreading contraction impulses contraction impulses ------ SA node --> AV node --> bundle of His --> Purkinje fibers P wave ------ depolarization (contraction) of the atria QRS complex ------ depolarization (contraction) of the ventricles T wave ------ repolarization (recovery) of the ventricles blood pressure (BP) ------ measures force of blood against arterial wall systole ------ contraction phase when blood is forced out of the heart diastole ------ relaxation phase when ventricles are filling with blood hypertension ------ elevated BP hypotension ------ decreased BP aneurysm/o ------ widened blood vessel angi/o ------ vessel (usually blood or lymph) vascul/o ------ vessel (usually blood or lymph) aort/o ------ vessel (usually blood or lymph) arteri/o ------ artery arteriol/o ------ arteriole atri/o ------ atrium ather/o ------ fatty plaque cardi/o ------ heart electr/o ------ electricity embol/o ------ embolus (plug) hemangi/o ------ blood vessel my/o ------ muscle phleb/o ------ vein ven/o ------ vein scler/o ------ hardening; sclera (white of eye) sept/o ------ septum sphygm/o ------ pulse sten/o ------ narrowing, stricture thromb/o ------ blood clot ventricul/o ------ ventricle (of the heart of brain) -sphyxia ------ pulse -stenosis ------ narrowing, stricture angina ------ chest pain dyspnea ------ breathing difficulties arrhythmias ------ cardiac irregularities arteriosclerosis ------ hardening of arterial walls that causes them to become thickened and brittle atheroma ------ hardening results from buildup of substances composed of cholesterol, lipids, and other cellular debris atherosclerosis ------ plaque hardening thrombus ------ blood clot embolus ------ when thrombus travels through vascular system infarct ------ emboli in arterial circulation lodge in the capillary bed and cause localized tissue death aneurysm ------ vessel forms a bulge and may rupture coronary artery disease (CAD) ------ failure of the coronary arteries to deliver an adequate supply of blood to the myocardium arteriosclerosis ------ accumulation of black which causes wall of artery to harden ischemia ------ O2 deficiency trachycardia ------ rapid heart rate bradycardia ------ slow heart rate coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) ------ rerouting blood around the occluded area using a vein graft that bypasses the obstruction varicose veins ------ enlarged, twisted, superficial veins aneurysm ------ localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery arrest ------ condition of being stopped or bringing to a stop arrhythmia ------ inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm catheter ------ thin, flexible, hollow plastic tube that is small enough to be threaded through a vein, artery, or tubular structure deep vein thrombosis (DVT) ------ blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs heart failure (HF) ------ failure of the heart of supply an adequate amount of blood to tissues and organs embolus ------ mass of undissolved matter circulating in blood fibrillation ------ quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions, especially of the heart, causing ineffectual contractions hemostasis ------ blood clotting hyperlipidemia ------ excessive amounts of lipids in the blood hypertension ------ elevated BP persistently exceeding 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic mitral valve prolapse (MVP) ------ condition in which leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse palpitation ------ sensation that the heart is not beating normally, possibly including "thumping", "fluttering", or pounding feeling in chest electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) ------ graphic line recording that shows spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms and legs Holter monitor test ------ ECG taken with a small portable recording system capable of storing up to 24hrs of ECG tracings stress test ------ ECG/EKG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions cardiac enzyme studies ------ blood test to measure troponin and creatine kinase. enzymes are released into blood stream from damaged heart muscle electrocardiography (ECHO) ------ noninvasive diagnostic method that uses ultrasounds to visualized internal cardiac structures and produce images of the heart coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) ------ uses a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle thrombolysis ------ destruction of a blood clot using anti-clotting agents called clot-busters venipuncture ------ puncture of a vein by needle to withdraw specimen of blood (phlebotomy) diuretics ------ act on kidneys to increase excretion of water, they reduce fluid build-up including the lungs statins ------ lower cholesterol in the blood and reduce its production in the liver by blocking the enzyme that produces it IV ------ intravenous MI ------ myocardial infarction
Side A ------ Side B cardiovascular system (CV) ------ composed of the heart and blood vessels Three major types of vessels ------ 1. artery2. capillary3. vein arteries ------ carries blood away from the heart lumen ------ the size of the lumen can be altered depending on the needs of the body vasoconstriction ------ when lumen contracts to decrease blood flow vasodilation ------ when lumen relaxes and causes increase in blood flow pulse ------ surge of blood felt in the arteries when blood is pumped from the heart oxygenated ------ high concentration of O2 and appears bright red arterioles ------ small arteries that sends blood to the capillaries capillaries ------ microscopic vessels that join the arterial system with the venous system veins ------ return blood to the heart deoxygenated ------ low concentrations of O2 heart ------ muscular pump that propels blood to entire body through a closed vascular system endocardium ------ serous membrane that lines heart chambers myocardium ------ muscular layer of the heart epicardium ------ outermost layer of the heart four chambers of the heart ------ right and left atrium, right and left ventricle right and left atrium ------ collect blood right ventricle ------ lower chamber that pumps blood to the lungs left ventricle ------ pumps blood from the heart pulmonary circulation ------ right ventricle pumps blood to lungs for oxygenations systemic circulation ------ left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to entire body right coronary artery ------ artery vascularizing the right side of the heart coronary arteries ------ give hear tissue its own O2 conduction tissue ------ cardiac tissue that has the sole function of initiating and spreading contraction impulses contraction impulses ------ SA node --> AV node --> bundle of His --> Purkinje fibers P wave ------ depolarization (contraction) of the atria QRS complex ------ depolarization (contraction) of the ventricles T wave ------ repolarization (recovery) of the ventricles blood pressure (BP) ------ measures force of blood against arterial wall systole ------ contraction phase when blood is forced out of the heart diastole ------ relaxation phase when ventricles are filling with blood hypertension ------ elevated BP hypotension ------ decreased BP aneurysm/o ------ widened blood vessel angi/o ------ vessel (usually blood or lymph) vascul/o ------ vessel (usually blood or lymph) aort/o ------ vessel (usually blood or lymph) arteri/o ------ artery arteriol/o ------ arteriole atri/o ------ atrium ather/o ------ fatty plaque cardi/o ------ heart electr/o ------ electricity embol/o ------ embolus (plug) hemangi/o ------ blood vessel my/o ------ muscle phleb/o ------ vein ven/o ------ vein scler/o ------ hardening; sclera (white of eye) sept/o ------ septum sphygm/o ------ pulse sten/o ------ narrowing, stricture thromb/o ------ blood clot ventricul/o ------ ventricle (of the heart of brain) -sphyxia ------ pulse -stenosis ------ narrowing, stricture angina ------ chest pain dyspnea ------ breathing difficulties arrhythmias ------ cardiac irregularities arteriosclerosis ------ hardening of arterial walls that causes them to become thickened and brittle atheroma ------ hardening results from buildup of substances composed of cholesterol, lipids, and other cellular debris atherosclerosis ------ plaque hardening thrombus ------ blood clot embolus ------ when thrombus travels through vascular system infarct ------ emboli in arterial circulation lodge in the capillary bed and cause localized tissue death aneurysm ------ vessel forms a bulge and may rupture coronary artery disease (CAD) ------ failure of the coronary arteries to deliver an adequate supply of blood to the myocardium arteriosclerosis ------ accumulation of black which causes wall of artery to harden ischemia ------ O2 deficiency trachycardia ------ rapid heart rate bradycardia ------ slow heart rate coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) ------ rerouting blood around the occluded area using a vein graft that bypasses the obstruction varicose veins ------ enlarged, twisted, superficial veins aneurysm ------ localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery arrest ------ condition of being stopped or bringing to a stop arrhythmia ------ inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm catheter ------ thin, flexible, hollow plastic tube that is small enough to be threaded through a vein, artery, or tubular structure deep vein thrombosis (DVT) ------ blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs heart failure (HF) ------ failure of the heart of supply an adequate amount of blood to tissues and organs embolus ------ mass of undissolved matter circulating in blood fibrillation ------ quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions, especially of the heart, causing ineffectual contractions hemostasis ------ blood clotting hyperlipidemia ------ excessive amounts of lipids in the blood hypertension ------ elevated BP persistently exceeding 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic mitral valve prolapse (MVP) ------ condition in which leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse palpitation ------ sensation that the heart is not beating normally, possibly including "thumping", "fluttering", or pounding feeling in chest electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) ------ graphic line recording that shows spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms and legs Holter monitor test ------ ECG taken with a small portable recording system capable of storing up to 24hrs of ECG tracings stress test ------ ECG/EKG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions cardiac enzyme studies ------ blood test to measure troponin and creatine kinase. enzymes are released into blood stream from damaged heart muscle electrocardiography (ECHO) ------ noninvasive diagnostic method that uses ultrasounds to visualized internal cardiac structures and produce images of the heart coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) ------ uses a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle thrombolysis ------ destruction of a blood clot using anti-clotting agents called clot-busters venipuncture ------ puncture of a vein by needle to withdraw specimen of blood (phlebotomy) diuretics ------ act on kidneys to increase excretion of water, they reduce fluid build-up including the lungs statins ------ lower cholesterol in the blood and reduce its production in the liver by blocking the enzyme that produces it IV ------ intravenous MI ------ myocardial infarction
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