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Chapter 5 Language Barrier And Bridge Flashcards
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Side A ------ Side B Rules that govern the meaning of language, as opposed to its structure ------ Semantic rules Words, word orders, phrases, or expressions that have more than one commonly accepted definition ------ Equivocal language Words that gain their meaning through comparison ------ relative words The tendency to view people or relationships as unchanging ------ Static evaluation Language that is vague and unclear ------ Abstract language Language that refers to specific things that people do or say ------ Behavioural language A range of more to less abstract terms describing an event or object ------ Abstraction ladder Rules that govern the way symbols can be arranged, as opposed to the meanings of those symbols. ------ Syntactic rules Linguistic rules that help communicators understand how messages may be used and interpreted in a given context. ------ Pragmatic rules The process of adapting one's speech style to match that of others with whom the communicator wants to identify ------ Convergence Speech mannerisms that emphasize a communicator's differences from others. ------ Divergence A language style in which speakers defer to listeners by using hedges, hesitations, intensifiers, polite forms, tag questions, and disclaimers. ------ Deferential language A conclusion that is arrived at from an interpretation of evidence ------ Inference Language that conveys the speaker's attitude rather than simply offering an objective description. ------ Emotive language Statements that replace the personal pronoun/ with the less immediate word it, often with the effect of reducing the speaker's acceptance of responsibility for the statements., ------ "It" statements A statement that describes the speaker's reaction to another person's behaviour without making judgements about the behaviours worth ------ "I" statements Statements in which the word but cancels out the expression that preceded it ------ "But" statements. A statement that expresses or implies a judgement of the other person ------ "You" Statement A statement that implies that the issue is the concern and responsibility of both the sender and receiver of a message. ------ "We" Statement Cultures that use language primarily to express thoughts, feelings, and ideas as clearly and logically as possible. ------ Low-context cultures Cultures that avoid direct use of language, relying instead on the context of a message to convey meaning, ------ High-context cultures the notion that the worldview of a culture is shaped and relfected by the language its members speak ------ linguistic relativism This hypothesis suggests that the language we speak affects how we interact with the world around us. ------ sapir-whorf hypothesis
Side A ------ Side B Rules that govern the meaning of language, as opposed to its structure ------ Semantic rules Words, word orders, phrases, or expressions that have more than one commonly accepted definition ------ Equivocal language Words that gain their meaning through comparison ------ relative words The tendency to view people or relationships as unchanging ------ Static evaluation Language that is vague and unclear ------ Abstract language Language that refers to specific things that people do or say ------ Behavioural language A range of more to less abstract terms describing an event or object ------ Abstraction ladder Rules that govern the way symbols can be arranged, as opposed to the meanings of those symbols. ------ Syntactic rules Linguistic rules that help communicators understand how messages may be used and interpreted in a given context. ------ Pragmatic rules The process of adapting one's speech style to match that of others with whom the communicator wants to identify ------ Convergence Speech mannerisms that emphasize a communicator's differences from others. ------ Divergence A language style in which speakers defer to listeners by using hedges, hesitations, intensifiers, polite forms, tag questions, and disclaimers. ------ Deferential language A conclusion that is arrived at from an interpretation of evidence ------ Inference Language that conveys the speaker's attitude rather than simply offering an objective description. ------ Emotive language Statements that replace the personal pronoun/ with the less immediate word it, often with the effect of reducing the speaker's acceptance of responsibility for the statements., ------ "It" statements A statement that describes the speaker's reaction to another person's behaviour without making judgements about the behaviours worth ------ "I" statements Statements in which the word but cancels out the expression that preceded it ------ "But" statements. A statement that expresses or implies a judgement of the other person ------ "You" Statement A statement that implies that the issue is the concern and responsibility of both the sender and receiver of a message. ------ "We" Statement Cultures that use language primarily to express thoughts, feelings, and ideas as clearly and logically as possible. ------ Low-context cultures Cultures that avoid direct use of language, relying instead on the context of a message to convey meaning, ------ High-context cultures the notion that the worldview of a culture is shaped and relfected by the language its members speak ------ linguistic relativism This hypothesis suggests that the language we speak affects how we interact with the world around us. ------ sapir-whorf hypothesis
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