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Global Economic Issues And Policies
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Chapter 4: Economic Structuralism: Global Capitalism And Postcolonialsim
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Side A ------ Side B Major Assumptions ------ Why can't so many 3rd world countries develop? -must understand the global context that actors interact within. Level of analysis is global (or world capitalist) Stress the importance of historical analysis- must understand the evolution of capitalism to understand the curret structure The distribution of weath leads to uneven development between NOrth and South Economic factors are crucial in explain the world ssytem Similarities with other Paradigms Shares with Realism ------ Greater emphasis on the importance of the system level Differ on Ontology: (polarity vs core periphery) Shares with Liberalism ------ Politics depends on economics Similar with liberalism: states are not autonomous emphasizes Socioeconomic or welfare issues Key Questions in Economic Structuralism ------ How and why did capitalism form in Europe? How did capitalism expand outward? How has capitalism changed over the centuries? What are the relations between North (First) and South (third) worlds? Intellectual Precursors in Economic Structuralism Karl Marx ------ Humanity's growth would eventually lead to a society he called communistic Hobson ------ Expanding captial can eventually lead to war because of overconsumption by workers, overproduction, and oversaving by capitalists Lenin ------ "Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism" Capitalism leads to differnt stages in growth: uneven development Gramsci ------ Emphasized political voluntarism. argued that ideas could overturn historic blocs through counter hegemony Karl Marx ------ History is the story of class conflict Changes in modes of production leads to changes in social relations (ancient, feudal, captialist) Capitalism was a necessary stage before socialism According to Marx, Capitalism ------ Consists of market exchanges Labor as a commodity and means of production in private hands Dependency Theory ------ Mainly latin american scholars- tried to explain why development didn't take off in the 3rd world. Questioned benefits of free trade (commondities exchanged for manufacturers) Interdependence is really just dependency for developing nations Domenstic forces are also important- National bourgiouse ally with capitalists to exploit their owncitizens The capitalist world system seeks to understand ___ ------ the entire global political-economic system Tries to understand the fate of al the world regions within the context of political-economy Capitialist World System based on writings of _______ ------ Immanuel Wallerstein World Systems Theory Core ------ Provides technology, manufacturing, banking, finance, and other advanced industry and service Periphery ------ Provides raw materials, such as lumber, minerals and commodities Self-Periphery ------ A mix of production activities, including light manufacturing, and serves as an investment outlet for core countries when wages get too high World Sytems Theory= Main operating priciple ------ "global capital" World Systems Theory Anarchy ------ the lack of an overarching system makes it impossible for anyone to regulate capitalist mode of production inability to regulate capital leads to a global division of labor Postcolonialism ------ Emphasizes economic, political and cultural aspects of de-colonialization (neo-colonialism) Highliights the importance of race, culture and ethnicity in understanding anti-colonia structures -how do we define imperialism? Is the US an imperial power? Examples of postcolonialism ------ Aligned movement and New International Economic Order (NIEO) Criticism ------ Is dependency a cause of underdevelopment or an affect of this condition? Is capital the main casual variable in understanding IR? Is economic structure emphasized too much? Is dependency of the south based soley on oppression of the North?
Side A ------ Side B Major Assumptions ------ Why can't so many 3rd world countries develop? -must understand the global context that actors interact within. Level of analysis is global (or world capitalist) Stress the importance of historical analysis- must understand the evolution of capitalism to understand the curret structure The distribution of weath leads to uneven development between NOrth and South Economic factors are crucial in explain the world ssytem Similarities with other Paradigms Shares with Realism ------ Greater emphasis on the importance of the system level Differ on Ontology: (polarity vs core periphery) Shares with Liberalism ------ Politics depends on economics Similar with liberalism: states are not autonomous emphasizes Socioeconomic or welfare issues Key Questions in Economic Structuralism ------ How and why did capitalism form in Europe? How did capitalism expand outward? How has capitalism changed over the centuries? What are the relations between North (First) and South (third) worlds? Intellectual Precursors in Economic Structuralism Karl Marx ------ Humanity's growth would eventually lead to a society he called communistic Hobson ------ Expanding captial can eventually lead to war because of overconsumption by workers, overproduction, and oversaving by capitalists Lenin ------ "Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism" Capitalism leads to differnt stages in growth: uneven development Gramsci ------ Emphasized political voluntarism. argued that ideas could overturn historic blocs through counter hegemony Karl Marx ------ History is the story of class conflict Changes in modes of production leads to changes in social relations (ancient, feudal, captialist) Capitalism was a necessary stage before socialism According to Marx, Capitalism ------ Consists of market exchanges Labor as a commodity and means of production in private hands Dependency Theory ------ Mainly latin american scholars- tried to explain why development didn't take off in the 3rd world. Questioned benefits of free trade (commondities exchanged for manufacturers) Interdependence is really just dependency for developing nations Domenstic forces are also important- National bourgiouse ally with capitalists to exploit their owncitizens The capitalist world system seeks to understand ___ ------ the entire global political-economic system Tries to understand the fate of al the world regions within the context of political-economy Capitialist World System based on writings of _______ ------ Immanuel Wallerstein World Systems Theory Core ------ Provides technology, manufacturing, banking, finance, and other advanced industry and service Periphery ------ Provides raw materials, such as lumber, minerals and commodities Self-Periphery ------ A mix of production activities, including light manufacturing, and serves as an investment outlet for core countries when wages get too high World Sytems Theory= Main operating priciple ------ "global capital" World Systems Theory Anarchy ------ the lack of an overarching system makes it impossible for anyone to regulate capitalist mode of production inability to regulate capital leads to a global division of labor Postcolonialism ------ Emphasizes economic, political and cultural aspects of de-colonialization (neo-colonialism) Highliights the importance of race, culture and ethnicity in understanding anti-colonia structures -how do we define imperialism? Is the US an imperial power? Examples of postcolonialism ------ Aligned movement and New International Economic Order (NIEO) Criticism ------ Is dependency a cause of underdevelopment or an affect of this condition? Is capital the main casual variable in understanding IR? Is economic structure emphasized too much? Is dependency of the south based soley on oppression of the North?
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