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Side A ------ Side B How many bits make up an IPV6 address? ------ 128 bits What 2 features are built into IPV6? ------ Mobile IP & IPSEC What are the 8 header fields in IPV6? ------ version, traffic class, flow label, payload length, hop limit, next header, source address, destination address What is zero compression and what is a major restriction when using this? ------ Consecutive fields of zeroes in an IPV6 address can be expressed with two colons. Zero compression can only be used once in a single address. What is leading zero compression? ------ Leading zeros in any 16-bit field can be dropped, but each block where the leading zeros were dropped must have at least one remaining number, even if it is zero. What is the format of an IPV6 address? ------ 8 sets of 16 bits (4 hex digits) separated by colons. 1234:0000:5678:0000:9ABC:0000:DEFF:0000 Name the IPV6 address types. ------ 1. aggregateable global unicast address, 2. Site-Local address, 3. Link-Local address, 4. multicast address, 5. anycast address Describe aggregateable global unicast addresses. ------ Equivalent to the IPV4 public address. They are fully routable and are used for Internet access. Aggregateable refers to the ability to summarize these addresses to make routing more efficient. Describe Site-Local addresses. ------ Equivalent to the IPV4 private address classes. Hosts using these address can communicate with each other thoughout the site, but are not able to reach Internet or remote hosts. Describe Link-Local addresses. ------ Smaller in scope than Site-Local. These addresses are local to a physical link. Link-Local is not used at all in forwarding data. What is IPV6's equivalent to ARP? ------ Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) What are the identification traits of the following address types: global, multicast, Site-Local, Link-Local, & IPV4 equivalent? ------ These addresses are identified by their initial bits. 001 - Global, FF - Multicast, FEC - Site-Local, FE8 - Link-Local, ::x.x.x.x or 0:0:0:0:0:0:x.x.x.x - IPv4 equivalent (1st 96 bits are zero) What is the IPV6 loopback address? ------ 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 or ::1 What is the IPV6 unspecified address? ------ It is all zeros or ::/128 and is used to represent an unkown address. What is the IPV6 equivalent to a subnet? ------ Site-Level Aggregator (SLA) What is an anycast address? ------ An anycast address is assigned to multiple interfaces and is delivered to the closest host that shares that address. Hosts that share an anycast address are members of the anycast group. How is the closest anycast member determined? ------ On a LAN, the closest member is the first one that was learned. On a WAN, the closest member is determined by the routing protocol metric. What is the IPV6 equivalent to DHCP? ------ Autoconfiguration What are the 2 main types of autoconfiguration? ------ stateless and stateful What is stateful autoconfiguration? ------ The IPV6 host obtains it's address and other information from a server. It isDHCPV6. How does a host use stateless autoconfiguration to obtain an IPV6 address? ------ 1. Host creates link-local address, 2 Host performs Duplicate Address Detection (DAD), 3. If no duplicate address, Host sends a Router Solicitation (RS), 4. Host receives a Router Advertisement, which contains the IPV6 address. What is the Duplicate Address Detection process? ------ 1. Host sends out a Neighbor Solicitation (NS) message, 2 If host receives a Neighbor Advertisement (RA), then there is another host with the same address and the host that sent the NS will disable it link-local address, 3 If no RA received then no duplicate address. What is the destination address of a Neighbor Solicitation (NS) message? ------ FF02::1, which is the "all-nodes" multicast address. What is the destination address of a Router Solicitation (RS) message? ------ FF02::2, which is the "all-routers" multicast address. What is the actual name of RIP for IPV6? ------ RIPng (new generation) What is the name of OSPF for IPV6? ------ OSPFv3 (defined in RFC2740) What is the name of BGP for IPV6? ------ Multiprotocol BGPv4 or simply MPBGP How is IPV6 routing capabilities enabled on a Cisco router? ------ R1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing Name 1 major difference between OSPFv2 and v3. ------ In IPV6, OSPF is not started with router ospf. OSPFv3 is enabled on a per-interface basis, which automatically creates a routing process. How is an OSPFv3 process created? ------ At the interface level as follows: R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf area <number> How is the router ID (RID) determined for OSPFv3? ------ OSPFv3 uses the exact same rules as v2 to determine the local router's RID. Plus, OSPFv3 will use an IPV4 address as the RID. If there is no IPV4 address configured, then the router-id command will need to be used to manually. What is the OSPFv3 address for hello packets? ------ FF02::5 What are the initial commands for configuring OSPFv3? ------ R1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing R1(config)# ipv6 cef R1(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1 R1(config-rtr)# How is the RID configured for OSPFv3? ------ R1(config) # ipv6 router ospf R1(config-rtr)# router-id How are OSPFv3 areas configured? ------ R1(config-rtr)# int fast 0/1 R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 What command is used to show OSPFv3 adjacencies? ------ R1# show ipv6 ospf neighbor Which show command is used to display the link-local address? ------ R1# show ipv6 ospf interface fast 0/1 What is the OSPFv3 equavalent to the v2 clear ip ospf process? ------ R1# clear IPV6 ospf process What are the OSPFv3 equivalent to the following commands: show ip route & show ip interface ------ R1# show ipv6 route R1# show ipv6 interface What is the rule for rolling out IPV6? ------ Start at the network edge and work your way toward the core. What are 3 solutions for transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6? ------ 1. use of a dual IP stacks, 2. 6-to-4 tunneling, 3. NAT- Protocol Translation (NAT-PT). Name 3 advantages of IPv6 over IPv4. ------ Larger address space, simpler header, support for IPSec on every link. Why is NAT not a requirement for IPv6? ------ IPv6 allows all users in an enterprise to have a global address. Which address type from IPv4 was eliminated from IPv6? ------ broadcast How does IPv6 create the EUI-64 address in the system ID for stateless autoconfiguration used by Cisco? ------ It expands the 48-bit MAC address to 64 bits by inserting FFFE into the middle 16 bits. In a dual stack environment, what part of the packet is used to determine which stack wil be utilized? ------ Destination address In a dual stack environment, which function calls are replaced by a new API? ------ gethostbyname & gethostbyaddr
Side A ------ Side B How many bits make up an IPV6 address? ------ 128 bits What 2 features are built into IPV6? ------ Mobile IP & IPSEC What are the 8 header fields in IPV6? ------ version, traffic class, flow label, payload length, hop limit, next header, source address, destination address What is zero compression and what is a major restriction when using this? ------ Consecutive fields of zeroes in an IPV6 address can be expressed with two colons. Zero compression can only be used once in a single address. What is leading zero compression? ------ Leading zeros in any 16-bit field can be dropped, but each block where the leading zeros were dropped must have at least one remaining number, even if it is zero. What is the format of an IPV6 address? ------ 8 sets of 16 bits (4 hex digits) separated by colons. 1234:0000:5678:0000:9ABC:0000:DEFF:0000 Name the IPV6 address types. ------ 1. aggregateable global unicast address, 2. Site-Local address, 3. Link-Local address, 4. multicast address, 5. anycast address Describe aggregateable global unicast addresses. ------ Equivalent to the IPV4 public address. They are fully routable and are used for Internet access. Aggregateable refers to the ability to summarize these addresses to make routing more efficient. Describe Site-Local addresses. ------ Equivalent to the IPV4 private address classes. Hosts using these address can communicate with each other thoughout the site, but are not able to reach Internet or remote hosts. Describe Link-Local addresses. ------ Smaller in scope than Site-Local. These addresses are local to a physical link. Link-Local is not used at all in forwarding data. What is IPV6's equivalent to ARP? ------ Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) What are the identification traits of the following address types: global, multicast, Site-Local, Link-Local, & IPV4 equivalent? ------ These addresses are identified by their initial bits. 001 - Global, FF - Multicast, FEC - Site-Local, FE8 - Link-Local, ::x.x.x.x or 0:0:0:0:0:0:x.x.x.x - IPv4 equivalent (1st 96 bits are zero) What is the IPV6 loopback address? ------ 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 or ::1 What is the IPV6 unspecified address? ------ It is all zeros or ::/128 and is used to represent an unkown address. What is the IPV6 equivalent to a subnet? ------ Site-Level Aggregator (SLA) What is an anycast address? ------ An anycast address is assigned to multiple interfaces and is delivered to the closest host that shares that address. Hosts that share an anycast address are members of the anycast group. How is the closest anycast member determined? ------ On a LAN, the closest member is the first one that was learned. On a WAN, the closest member is determined by the routing protocol metric. What is the IPV6 equivalent to DHCP? ------ Autoconfiguration What are the 2 main types of autoconfiguration? ------ stateless and stateful What is stateful autoconfiguration? ------ The IPV6 host obtains it's address and other information from a server. It isDHCPV6. How does a host use stateless autoconfiguration to obtain an IPV6 address? ------ 1. Host creates link-local address, 2 Host performs Duplicate Address Detection (DAD), 3. If no duplicate address, Host sends a Router Solicitation (RS), 4. Host receives a Router Advertisement, which contains the IPV6 address. What is the Duplicate Address Detection process? ------ 1. Host sends out a Neighbor Solicitation (NS) message, 2 If host receives a Neighbor Advertisement (RA), then there is another host with the same address and the host that sent the NS will disable it link-local address, 3 If no RA received then no duplicate address. What is the destination address of a Neighbor Solicitation (NS) message? ------ FF02::1, which is the "all-nodes" multicast address. What is the destination address of a Router Solicitation (RS) message? ------ FF02::2, which is the "all-routers" multicast address. What is the actual name of RIP for IPV6? ------ RIPng (new generation) What is the name of OSPF for IPV6? ------ OSPFv3 (defined in RFC2740) What is the name of BGP for IPV6? ------ Multiprotocol BGPv4 or simply MPBGP How is IPV6 routing capabilities enabled on a Cisco router? ------ R1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing Name 1 major difference between OSPFv2 and v3. ------ In IPV6, OSPF is not started with router ospf. OSPFv3 is enabled on a per-interface basis, which automatically creates a routing process. How is an OSPFv3 process created? ------ At the interface level as follows: R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf area <number> How is the router ID (RID) determined for OSPFv3? ------ OSPFv3 uses the exact same rules as v2 to determine the local router's RID. Plus, OSPFv3 will use an IPV4 address as the RID. If there is no IPV4 address configured, then the router-id command will need to be used to manually. What is the OSPFv3 address for hello packets? ------ FF02::5 What are the initial commands for configuring OSPFv3? ------ R1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing R1(config)# ipv6 cef R1(config)# ipv6 router ospf 1 R1(config-rtr)# How is the RID configured for OSPFv3? ------ R1(config) # ipv6 router ospf R1(config-rtr)# router-id How are OSPFv3 areas configured? ------ R1(config-rtr)# int fast 0/1 R1(config-if)# ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 What command is used to show OSPFv3 adjacencies? ------ R1# show ipv6 ospf neighbor Which show command is used to display the link-local address? ------ R1# show ipv6 ospf interface fast 0/1 What is the OSPFv3 equavalent to the v2 clear ip ospf process? ------ R1# clear IPV6 ospf process What are the OSPFv3 equivalent to the following commands: show ip route & show ip interface ------ R1# show ipv6 route R1# show ipv6 interface What is the rule for rolling out IPV6? ------ Start at the network edge and work your way toward the core. What are 3 solutions for transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6? ------ 1. use of a dual IP stacks, 2. 6-to-4 tunneling, 3. NAT- Protocol Translation (NAT-PT). Name 3 advantages of IPv6 over IPv4. ------ Larger address space, simpler header, support for IPSec on every link. Why is NAT not a requirement for IPv6? ------ IPv6 allows all users in an enterprise to have a global address. Which address type from IPv4 was eliminated from IPv6? ------ broadcast How does IPv6 create the EUI-64 address in the system ID for stateless autoconfiguration used by Cisco? ------ It expands the 48-bit MAC address to 64 bits by inserting FFFE into the middle 16 bits. In a dual stack environment, what part of the packet is used to determine which stack wil be utilized? ------ Destination address In a dual stack environment, which function calls are replaced by a new API? ------ gethostbyname & gethostbyaddr
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