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Side A ------ Side B
During his voyage on the Beagle, Charles Darwin made many observations -in England -in N America -in S America -in Asia  ------ -in S America 
In the 1800s, Charles Lyell emphasized that -the human population will outgrow the available food supply -all populations evolve through natural selection -Earth is very young -gradual geological events in the past could explain the physical features of today's Earth.  ------ -gradual geological events in the past could explain the physical features of today's Earth. 
WHen a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is -natural selection -artificial selection -artificial variation -survival of the fittest  ------ -artificial selection 
Charles Darwin's observation that finches of different species on the Galapagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finch species -have grown larger since Darwin's visit -acquired traits through use and disuse-all eat the same type of food. -originated from a common ancestor  ------ -originated from a common ancestor 
Which of the following statements best describes the findings of Rosemary and Peter Grant's study of the Galapagos finches? -Finches with large beaks always outcompete finches with small beaks -Small finches reproduce more successfully than large finches -Food availability affected beak size -Beak size among finches did not affect reproductive success ------ -Food availability affected beak size 
The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called -Timing isolation -Geographic isolation -Behavioral isolation -Genetic equilibrium  ------ -Geographic isolation 
A factor that keeps species separate is -Reproduction at different times -Incompatible reproductive structures -Different mating behaviors -All of the above  ------ -All of the above 
The length of time required for half of the radioactive isotope in a sample to decay is its -Half-life-Relative date -Radioactive date -Geologic time scale  ------ -Half-life 
In the past, mass extinctions encouraged the rapid evolution of surviving species -By changing developmental genes-By providing new opportunities for them -Because they killed all organisms that had evolved together-Because they spared all organisms that had evolved convergently  ------ -By providing new opportunities for them 
One way master control genes, or homeotic genes, could have affected evolution is -By causing mutations in other genes-Through small changes in timing during embryonic development -Through the evolution of species -By leading to convergent evolution  ------ -Through small changes in timing during embryonic development 
Which of these labels for fossils in a museum display contains an error? -Dinosaur (MIddle Mesozoic) -Early Mammal (Middle Paleozoic) -Early Human (Late Cenozoic) -Early Marine Invertebrate (Early Paleozoic)  ------ -Early Mammal (Middle Paleozoic) 
An analysis of derived characters is used to generate a -fossil record -phylogenetic tree based on DNA structure -cladogram -traditional classification system  ------ -Cladogram 
What does a cladistic analysis show about organisms? -the relative importance of each derived character -The order in which derived characters evolved -the general fitness of the organisms analyzed -All traits of each organism analyzed  ------ -The order in which derived characters evolved 
Organisms in the domains Bacteria and Archaea were previously grouped in a kingdom called -Anamalia -Fungi-Monera -Eukarya  ------ -Monera 
Which of the following is not found in bacteria? -cell wall -membrane-bound nucleus -ribosome -plasma membrane  ------ -membrane-bound nucleus 
Unlike Bacteria, Archaea -have cell walls -are prokaryotes -have two plasma membranes-are thought to be closely related to eukaryotes  ------ -are thought to be closely related to eukaryotes 
A virus's DNA or RNA is surrounded by a(n) -protein coat -nuclear membrane -tail -endospore  ------ -protein coat 
Many cases of food poisoning are caused by bacterial -toxins-decomposition -resistance to antibiotics -sterilization  ------ -toxins 
Bacteria are sometimes called nature's recyclers because they -undergo conjugation -break down nutrients in dead organisms -can switch between respiration and fermentation -carry out photosynthesis  ------ -break down nutrients in dead organisms 
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all plants -are eukaryotic -have cell walls -produce seeds -are multicellular  ------ -produce seeds 
Seed-bearing plants differ from all other plants in that -they have vascular tissue -they do not have a gametophyte generation -their gametes do not require water for fertilization to occur -all of the above  ------ -their gametes do not require water for fertilization to occur 
Scientists hypothesize that the specialized reproductive structure that evolved most recently is the -seed-pollen grain -ovary -gametophyte  ------ -ovary 
An example of a monocot is a -moss -lily -fern -pine tree  ------ lily 
Which term below is least closely related to the others? -leaf-seed-ovary-pollen  ------ -leaf 
Which of the following includes a plant embryo, a food supply, and a protective covering? -pollen grain -spore-seed-gametophyte  ------ -seed 
In bryophytes, haploid reproductive cells are produced by the -haploid stage -diploid stage -gametophyte and sporophyte -all of the above  ------ -all of the above 
In liverworts, the sporophyte is produced by a structure shaped like a(n) -leaf -heart -liver-umbrella  ------ -umbrella 
Which group of plants produces seeds that are "naked"? -bryophytes -pteridophytes -gymnosperms -angiosperms  ------ -gymnosperms 
The presence of flowers and outer protective coatings of the seeds distinguishes -club mosses from mosses -angiosperms from gymnosperms -two classes of angiosperms -seed plants from seedless plans  ------ -angiosperms from gymnosperms 
In angiosperms, reproduction takes place in -leaves-flowers -cones-pollen  ------ -flowers 
The non-reproductive parts of a flower are the -carpel and stamens -filaments and anthers -stigma and style -sepals and petals  ------ -sepals and petals 
THe tough outer layer of a seed is called the -seed coat -fruit -nut -embryo wall  ------ -seed coat 
A ripened ovary that contains seeds is called a(an) -embryo-seed-fruit-vegetable  ------ -fruit 
Which type of plant lives the longest? -annual -biennial -perennial -none of the above  ------ -perennial 
What fruit-eating animal likely would ensure the widest dispersal of a plant's seeds? -rat -raccoon -bird -squirrel  ------ -bird 
THe early growth stage of a plant embryo is called -fertilization -dormancy -germination -pollination  ------ -germination
Tree rings result from yearly activity in the -heartwood -vascular cambium -bark -cork cambium  ------ -vascular cambium 
In an angiosperm, pollen grains are produced in the -stigma -filament-carpel -anther  ------ -anther
During germination of many monocots, the developing shoot is -preceded by a protective sheath -protected by a hooked shoot tip -replaced by the cotyledon -covered by the first pair of leaves  ------ -preceded by a protective sheath 
In angiosperms, xylem consists of tracheids and -sieve-tube members -companion cells -vessel elements -parenchyma cells  ------ -vessel elements 
There is a one-way movement of water and minterals into the vascular cylinder of a root because -water molecules are in high concentration in the root's outer layer. -nutrients are in low concentration in the roots outer layer. -the roof pressure is low-the endodermis has waxy cell walls  ------ -the endodermis has waxy cell walls 
When a plant moves its sugars from its leaves to its roots, the sink is the -leaves-roots -stems -same as the source  ------ -roots 
When a carnivorous plant captures and digests insects, the most important result is that it gains additional -oxygen -nitrogen -potassium -phosphorus  ------ -nitrogen 
The stomata of leaves are usually open in -light if a plant has enough water -light if a plant has too little water -darkness if a plant has enough water-darkness if a plant has too little water  ------ -light if a plant has enough water 
Which of the following is the source of most of a plant's mass? -water-air -soil -none of the above  ------ -none of the above (the actual answer was the stem, I believe) 
Which of the following is NOT one of the three mineral nutrients most commonly deficient in farm and garden soils? -calcium -phosphorus -nitrogen -potassium  ------ -calcium 
Both roundworms and rotifers have -radial symmetry -complete digestive tract -segmented body -gastrovascular cavities  ------ -complete digestive tract 
Organisms that spend their entire adult lives attached to one spot are said to be -sessile -heterotrophic -flagellated -symmetric  ------ -sessile 
A key characteristic of multi-cellular organisms is -highly specialized cells -interdependent layers -multiple cell layers -all of the above  ------ -all of the above 
A person who has trichinosis likely contracted it from -walking barefoot on soil infested with Trichinella worms -eating undercooked meat containing Trichinella cysts -mosquitoes -coming in contact with Trichinella-infested snails  ------ -eating undercooked meat containing Trichinella cysts
The fastest, most agile mollusks are the -gastropods-cephalopods -bivalves-rotifers  ------ -cephalopods 
Some type of body symmetry is found in all invertebrates EXCEPT -cnidarians -echinoderms -sponges -flatworms  ------ -sponges 
A "rotating wheel" of cilia surrounds the mouth of a -planarian -starfish -sea anemone -rotifer  ------ -rotifer 
Typical primitive arthropods such as trilobites had bodies that were composed of -many segments -three segments -one segment -no segments  ------ many segments 
The body of an insect is divided into a -head and thorax -head and cephalothorax -head, thorax, and abdomen-cephalothorax and abdomen  ------ -head thorax and abdomen
Which insect is NOT classified in the same order as the others? -ants -crickets -bees -wasps  ------ -crickets 
How many pairs of legs are there on most body segments of a centipede -one -two -five -six  ------ -one 
Which of the following is NOT a likely reason for the evolutionary success of insects? -the ability to fly has enabled insects to colonize new habitats -Insects as a group are not very diverse because there are relatively few species-Insects use many sense organs to respond to stimuli -Many insects have a life cycle in which the young are very different from adults.  ------ -Insects as a group are not very diverse because there are relatively few species
Which arthropod does NOT belong with the others? -isopod -barnacle -shrimp -copepod  ------ -shrimp 
Which modern-day arthropods are most similar to fossil trilobites -dragonflies-fiddler crabs -horseshoe crabs -praying mantises  ------ -horseshoe crabs 
Which of the following structures are missing from many salamanders that live on land? -lungs-kidneys -legs -eyes ------ -lungs 
Blood flows through the body of a fish in a -single-circuit open circulatory system -single-circuit closed circulatory system -double-circuit open circulatory system -double-circuit closed circulatory system ------ -single-circuit closed circulatory system 
Modern jawless fishes include -sharks -skates -lampreys -lungfishes  ------ -lampreys 
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most amphibians? -they live on land as adults -they breathe with lungs as adults -they have moist skin that contains mucus-secreting glands-they have scales and claws  ------ -they have scales and claws 
A four chambered heart is found in-lizards -snakes-turtles-alligators  ------ -alligators 
The structure of a bird's heart ensures that -oxygen-rich blood never mixes with oxygen-poor blood -oxygen-rich blood is always pumped to the lungs-oxygen-poor blood is always pumped to the body -oxygen-poor blood never enters the heart  ------ -oxygen-rich blood never mixes with oxygen-poor blood 
Which of the following vertebrates has a heart with four chambers? -salamander -lizard-goldfish -cow  ------ -cow 
Oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood undergo the least mixing in the heart of a -crocodile -turtle -snake-lizard  ------ -crocodile 
Which of the following is NOT a function of skin -helps regulate body temperature -protects internal organs -contracts and relaxes muscles-helps prevent infection  ------ -contracts and relaxes muscles
Which of the following is NOT part of the integumentary system? -skin -cartilage -nails-hair  ------ -cartilage 
The main function of the skill is to -produce blood cells -protect the heart and lungs-house and protect the brain -act like a lever for muscle attachment  ------ -house and protect the brain 
Where is the cardiac muscle tissue located in the body? -heart -ribs -skull-bones ------ -heart 
Which of the following produce keratin -epidermal cells -sweat glands-adipose tissue cells -hair follicles  ------ -hair follicles 
What are the two layers of the skin? -keratin and dermis -epidermis and melanin -epidermis and dermis -melanin and keratin  ------ -epidermis and dermis 
Which of the following is a protein that makes up hair and nails? -sweat-melanin -collagen -keratin  ------ -keratin 
What is the skeleton of a newborn baby mainly composed of? -bone-cartilage -bone marrow -collagen  ------ -cartilage 
Where is the protein called actin located in the body? -marrow -thin filaments -myosin filaments -hair  ------ -thin filaments 
When an action potential reaches the end of a neuron at a chemical synapse, it triggers the release of -neurotransmitters -sodium ions -dendrites-receptors  ------ -neurotransmitters 
The division of the nervous system that helps the body react to pain is the -somatic nervous system -sensory division -autonomic nervous system -sympathetic division  ------ -somatic nervous system 
What types of drugs generally slow down the activity of the central nervous system? -stimulants -depressants -opiates -cocaine ------ -depressants 
Which divisions of the peripheral nervous system transmits impulses from sense organs to the central nervous system? -sensory -motor -sensory and motor -spinal cord  ------ -sensory division 
Which of the five senses uses two types of photoreceptors called rods and cones? -vision -hearing-smell -taste  ------ -vision 
Painful withdrawal symptoms can occur when a drug user attempts to stop using -opiates -cocaine-inhalants -marijuana  ------ -opiates 
Alcohol does each of the following EXCEPT -slow CNS activity -stimulate heart rate -impair judgement -disrupt coordination  ------ -stimulate heart rate 
Where does the process of chemical digestion begin? -stomach -esophagus -small intestine -mouth  ------ -mouth 
A calorie is the amount of energy needed to -raise the temperature of the body by 1 degree celsius -raise the temperature of 1 g of fat by 1 degree celsius -raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree celsius -none of the above  ------ -raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree celsius 
What does mechanical digestion in the stomach involve? -absorption of nutrients by villi -pepsin and bile -muscle contractions -bile and pancreatic fluid  ------ -muscle contractions 
What is the correct direction of blood flow? -right atrium--> right ventricle --> pulmonary artery -right atrium -->left atrium --> pulmonary artery -left ventricle --> pulmonary artery --> aorta -left ventricle--> left atrium --> aorta  ------ -right atrium--> right ventricle --> pulmonary artery 
Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? -regulate filtration -distribute hormones-transport nutrients-fight infections  ------ -regulate filtration 
The function of valves in the heart is to -stimulate the heartbeat -accelerate the flow of blood -prevent the backward flow of blood -serve as a cushion to prevent friction  ------ -prevent the backward flow of blood 
When infection occurs, the number of -RBC increases -RBC decreases -WBC increases-WBC decreases  ------ WBC increases 
Which of the following is not contained in tobacco? -carbon monoxide -caffeine -nicotine -ammonia  ------ -caffeine 
The germ theory of disease states that infectious diseases are caused by -toxins -pathogens -heredity -materials in the environment  ------ -pathogens 
The body's nonspecific defenses against invading pathogens include -antibiotics -mucus, sweat, and tears -antibodies -T cells  ------ -mucus, sweat, and tears 
The inflammatory response can cause -permanent immunity -pain, swelling, and redness -antibodies to bind to antigens -T cells to attack infected cells  ------ -pain, swelling, and redness 
Humoral immunity originates from-T cells -NK cells -B cells -macrophages ------ -B cells 
An infectious disease is one that is caused by -heredity -materials in the environment -pathogens -an organ transplant  ------ -pathogens 
Which of the following is NOT a step in identifying the pathogen that causes a specific disease? -the pathogen should be found in the body of a healthy organism -the pathogen should be isolated and grown in a pure culture -the purified pathogens should cause the same disease in a new host -the pathogen should be isolated from the second host ------ -the pathogen should be found in the body of a healthy organism 
A person who has received a vaccine against polio -is able to produce antibodies against polio -is more susceptible to the polio virus than someone who has not had the vaccine -has polio antibodies in the bloodstream -has anti polio killer T cells in the bloodstream  ------ -is able to produce antibodies against polio 
Which of the following presents a risk of spreading HIV? -abstaining from sex -sharing a needle -kissing someone on the cheek -using a sterile needle to receive a medical injection ------ -sharing a needle 
Dialysis processes blood outside the body and -carries urine to the urinary bladder -pumps blood throughout the body -returns filtered blood to the body -forces water into cells and tissues by osmosis  ------ -returns filtered blood to the body 
Which gland fails to produce enough of its hormone in the disease diabetes mellitus? -adrenal -hypothalamus -pancreas -parathyroid  ------ pancreas 
Which of the following is NOT part of a nephron -urethra -tubule -glomerulus -Bowman's capsule  ------ -urethra 
What percentage of the filtrate's water that enters the Bowman's capsule is reabsorbed into the blood? -99-80-50-less than 25 ------ -99%
In the kidneys, both useful substances and wastes are removed from the blood by-reabsorption -excretion -dialysis -filtration  ------ -filtration 
When the hypothalamus detects a decreased solute concentration in the blood, it directs the kidneys (through the pituitary) to -excrete less urine -return more water to the blood by filtration -return more water to the blood by reabsorption -return less water to the blood by reabsorption  ------ -return more water to the blood by reabsorption 
During the menstrual cycle, high levels of LH cause the -corpus luteum to disintegrate -follicle to release a mature egg -uterine lining to detach from the uterus -the lining of the uterus to thicken  ------ -follicle to release a mature egg 
Which hormones stimulate sperm production -FSH and testosterone -estrogens -androgens -testosterone and progesterone  ------ -FSH and testosterone 
What is the result of gastrulation? -a blastocyst -a zygote -the amnion -three cell layers  ------ -3 cell layers 
Which of the following is NOT a function of the female reproductive system? -to produce eggs -prepare the body to carry an embryo -deliver sperm -release eggs into the oviducts  ------ -deliver sperm
Which organ system is responsible for making and delivering sperm? -female reproductive system -endocrine system -nervous system -male reproductive system  ------ -male reproductive system 
Which of the following are required for fertilization to occur inside the female body? -sperm must swim into an oviduct -an oocyte must be present in an oviduct -the nucleus of a sperm must fuse with an oocyte nucleus -all of the above  ------ -all of the above 
the placenta connects the -fetus to mother's uterus -ectoderm to endoderm -umbilical cord to mother's vagina -uterus to cervix  ------ fetus to mother's uterus 
Which cell structure contains the cell's genetic material? -organelle -nucleus -cell envelope -cytoplasm  ------ nucleus 
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration? -glycolysis, fermentation, Krebs cycle -Krebs cycle, electron transport, glycolysis -glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport -Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transport  ------ -glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport 
Cellular respiration is an aerobic process because it requires-light -exercise-oxygen -glucose  ------ oxygen 
Which of the following is a phase of mitosis? -cytokinesis -interphase-prophase-s phase ------ -prophase
Variation in human skin color is a result of -intermediate inheritance -codominance-polygenic inheritence -multiple alleles ------ polygenic inhereitance 
RNA contains the sugar -ribose -deoxyribose-glucose-lactose  ------ ribose

Side A ------ Side B
During his voyage on the Beagle, Charles Darwin made many observations -in England -in N America -in S America -in Asia  ------ -in S America 
In the 1800s, Charles Lyell emphasized that -the human population will outgrow the available food supply -all populations evolve through natural selection -Earth is very young -gradual geological events in the past could explain the physical features of today's Earth.  ------ -gradual geological events in the past could explain the physical features of today's Earth. 
WHen a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is -natural selection -artificial selection -artificial variation -survival of the fittest  ------ -artificial selection 
Charles Darwin's observation that finches of different species on the Galapagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finch species -have grown larger since Darwin's visit -acquired traits through use and disuse-all eat the same type of food. -originated from a common ancestor  ------ -originated from a common ancestor 
Which of the following statements best describes the findings of Rosemary and Peter Grant's study of the Galapagos finches? -Finches with large beaks always outcompete finches with small beaks -Small finches reproduce more successfully than large finches -Food availability affected beak size -Beak size among finches did not affect reproductive success ------ -Food availability affected beak size 
The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called -Timing isolation -Geographic isolation -Behavioral isolation -Genetic equilibrium  ------ -Geographic isolation 
A factor that keeps species separate is -Reproduction at different times -Incompatible reproductive structures -Different mating behaviors -All of the above  ------ -All of the above 
The length of time required for half of the radioactive isotope in a sample to decay is its -Half-life-Relative date -Radioactive date -Geologic time scale  ------ -Half-life 
In the past, mass extinctions encouraged the rapid evolution of surviving species -By changing developmental genes-By providing new opportunities for them -Because they killed all organisms that had evolved together-Because they spared all organisms that had evolved convergently  ------ -By providing new opportunities for them 
One way master control genes, or homeotic genes, could have affected evolution is -By causing mutations in other genes-Through small changes in timing during embryonic development -Through the evolution of species -By leading to convergent evolution  ------ -Through small changes in timing during embryonic development 
Which of these labels for fossils in a museum display contains an error? -Dinosaur (MIddle Mesozoic) -Early Mammal (Middle Paleozoic) -Early Human (Late Cenozoic) -Early Marine Invertebrate (Early Paleozoic)  ------ -Early Mammal (Middle Paleozoic) 
An analysis of derived characters is used to generate a -fossil record -phylogenetic tree based on DNA structure -cladogram -traditional classification system  ------ -Cladogram 
What does a cladistic analysis show about organisms? -the relative importance of each derived character -The order in which derived characters evolved -the general fitness of the organisms analyzed -All traits of each organism analyzed  ------ -The order in which derived characters evolved 
Organisms in the domains Bacteria and Archaea were previously grouped in a kingdom called -Anamalia -Fungi-Monera -Eukarya  ------ -Monera 
Which of the following is not found in bacteria? -cell wall -membrane-bound nucleus -ribosome -plasma membrane  ------ -membrane-bound nucleus 
Unlike Bacteria, Archaea -have cell walls -are prokaryotes -have two plasma membranes-are thought to be closely related to eukaryotes  ------ -are thought to be closely related to eukaryotes 
A virus's DNA or RNA is surrounded by a(n) -protein coat -nuclear membrane -tail -endospore  ------ -protein coat 
Many cases of food poisoning are caused by bacterial -toxins-decomposition -resistance to antibiotics -sterilization  ------ -toxins 
Bacteria are sometimes called nature's recyclers because they -undergo conjugation -break down nutrients in dead organisms -can switch between respiration and fermentation -carry out photosynthesis  ------ -break down nutrients in dead organisms 
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all plants -are eukaryotic -have cell walls -produce seeds -are multicellular  ------ -produce seeds 
Seed-bearing plants differ from all other plants in that -they have vascular tissue -they do not have a gametophyte generation -their gametes do not require water for fertilization to occur -all of the above  ------ -their gametes do not require water for fertilization to occur 
Scientists hypothesize that the specialized reproductive structure that evolved most recently is the -seed-pollen grain -ovary -gametophyte  ------ -ovary 
An example of a monocot is a -moss -lily -fern -pine tree  ------ lily 
Which term below is least closely related to the others? -leaf-seed-ovary-pollen  ------ -leaf 
Which of the following includes a plant embryo, a food supply, and a protective covering? -pollen grain -spore-seed-gametophyte  ------ -seed 
In bryophytes, haploid reproductive cells are produced by the -haploid stage -diploid stage -gametophyte and sporophyte -all of the above  ------ -all of the above 
In liverworts, the sporophyte is produced by a structure shaped like a(n) -leaf -heart -liver-umbrella  ------ -umbrella 
Which group of plants produces seeds that are "naked"? -bryophytes -pteridophytes -gymnosperms -angiosperms  ------ -gymnosperms 
The presence of flowers and outer protective coatings of the seeds distinguishes -club mosses from mosses -angiosperms from gymnosperms -two classes of angiosperms -seed plants from seedless plans  ------ -angiosperms from gymnosperms 
In angiosperms, reproduction takes place in -leaves-flowers -cones-pollen  ------ -flowers 
The non-reproductive parts of a flower are the -carpel and stamens -filaments and anthers -stigma and style -sepals and petals  ------ -sepals and petals 
THe tough outer layer of a seed is called the -seed coat -fruit -nut -embryo wall  ------ -seed coat 
A ripened ovary that contains seeds is called a(an) -embryo-seed-fruit-vegetable  ------ -fruit 
Which type of plant lives the longest? -annual -biennial -perennial -none of the above  ------ -perennial 
What fruit-eating animal likely would ensure the widest dispersal of a plant's seeds? -rat -raccoon -bird -squirrel  ------ -bird 
THe early growth stage of a plant embryo is called -fertilization -dormancy -germination -pollination  ------ -germination
Tree rings result from yearly activity in the -heartwood -vascular cambium -bark -cork cambium  ------ -vascular cambium 
In an angiosperm, pollen grains are produced in the -stigma -filament-carpel -anther  ------ -anther
During germination of many monocots, the developing shoot is -preceded by a protective sheath -protected by a hooked shoot tip -replaced by the cotyledon -covered by the first pair of leaves  ------ -preceded by a protective sheath 
In angiosperms, xylem consists of tracheids and -sieve-tube members -companion cells -vessel elements -parenchyma cells  ------ -vessel elements 
There is a one-way movement of water and minterals into the vascular cylinder of a root because -water molecules are in high concentration in the root's outer layer. -nutrients are in low concentration in the roots outer layer. -the roof pressure is low-the endodermis has waxy cell walls  ------ -the endodermis has waxy cell walls 
When a plant moves its sugars from its leaves to its roots, the sink is the -leaves-roots -stems -same as the source  ------ -roots 
When a carnivorous plant captures and digests insects, the most important result is that it gains additional -oxygen -nitrogen -potassium -phosphorus  ------ -nitrogen 
The stomata of leaves are usually open in -light if a plant has enough water -light if a plant has too little water -darkness if a plant has enough water-darkness if a plant has too little water  ------ -light if a plant has enough water 
Which of the following is the source of most of a plant's mass? -water-air -soil -none of the above  ------ -none of the above (the actual answer was the stem, I believe) 
Which of the following is NOT one of the three mineral nutrients most commonly deficient in farm and garden soils? -calcium -phosphorus -nitrogen -potassium  ------ -calcium 
Both roundworms and rotifers have -radial symmetry -complete digestive tract -segmented body -gastrovascular cavities  ------ -complete digestive tract 
Organisms that spend their entire adult lives attached to one spot are said to be -sessile -heterotrophic -flagellated -symmetric  ------ -sessile 
A key characteristic of multi-cellular organisms is -highly specialized cells -interdependent layers -multiple cell layers -all of the above  ------ -all of the above 
A person who has trichinosis likely contracted it from -walking barefoot on soil infested with Trichinella worms -eating undercooked meat containing Trichinella cysts -mosquitoes -coming in contact with Trichinella-infested snails  ------ -eating undercooked meat containing Trichinella cysts
The fastest, most agile mollusks are the -gastropods-cephalopods -bivalves-rotifers  ------ -cephalopods 
Some type of body symmetry is found in all invertebrates EXCEPT -cnidarians -echinoderms -sponges -flatworms  ------ -sponges 
A "rotating wheel" of cilia surrounds the mouth of a -planarian -starfish -sea anemone -rotifer  ------ -rotifer 
Typical primitive arthropods such as trilobites had bodies that were composed of -many segments -three segments -one segment -no segments  ------ many segments 
The body of an insect is divided into a -head and thorax -head and cephalothorax -head, thorax, and abdomen-cephalothorax and abdomen  ------ -head thorax and abdomen
Which insect is NOT classified in the same order as the others? -ants -crickets -bees -wasps  ------ -crickets 
How many pairs of legs are there on most body segments of a centipede -one -two -five -six  ------ -one 
Which of the following is NOT a likely reason for the evolutionary success of insects? -the ability to fly has enabled insects to colonize new habitats -Insects as a group are not very diverse because there are relatively few species-Insects use many sense organs to respond to stimuli -Many insects have a life cycle in which the young are very different from adults.  ------ -Insects as a group are not very diverse because there are relatively few species
Which arthropod does NOT belong with the others? -isopod -barnacle -shrimp -copepod  ------ -shrimp 
Which modern-day arthropods are most similar to fossil trilobites -dragonflies-fiddler crabs -horseshoe crabs -praying mantises  ------ -horseshoe crabs 
Which of the following structures are missing from many salamanders that live on land? -lungs-kidneys -legs -eyes ------ -lungs 
Blood flows through the body of a fish in a -single-circuit open circulatory system -single-circuit closed circulatory system -double-circuit open circulatory system -double-circuit closed circulatory system ------ -single-circuit closed circulatory system 
Modern jawless fishes include -sharks -skates -lampreys -lungfishes  ------ -lampreys 
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most amphibians? -they live on land as adults -they breathe with lungs as adults -they have moist skin that contains mucus-secreting glands-they have scales and claws  ------ -they have scales and claws 
A four chambered heart is found in-lizards -snakes-turtles-alligators  ------ -alligators 
The structure of a bird's heart ensures that -oxygen-rich blood never mixes with oxygen-poor blood -oxygen-rich blood is always pumped to the lungs-oxygen-poor blood is always pumped to the body -oxygen-poor blood never enters the heart  ------ -oxygen-rich blood never mixes with oxygen-poor blood 
Which of the following vertebrates has a heart with four chambers? -salamander -lizard-goldfish -cow  ------ -cow 
Oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood undergo the least mixing in the heart of a -crocodile -turtle -snake-lizard  ------ -crocodile 
Which of the following is NOT a function of skin -helps regulate body temperature -protects internal organs -contracts and relaxes muscles-helps prevent infection  ------ -contracts and relaxes muscles
Which of the following is NOT part of the integumentary system? -skin -cartilage -nails-hair  ------ -cartilage 
The main function of the skill is to -produce blood cells -protect the heart and lungs-house and protect the brain -act like a lever for muscle attachment  ------ -house and protect the brain 
Where is the cardiac muscle tissue located in the body? -heart -ribs -skull-bones ------ -heart 
Which of the following produce keratin -epidermal cells -sweat glands-adipose tissue cells -hair follicles  ------ -hair follicles 
What are the two layers of the skin? -keratin and dermis -epidermis and melanin -epidermis and dermis -melanin and keratin  ------ -epidermis and dermis 
Which of the following is a protein that makes up hair and nails? -sweat-melanin -collagen -keratin  ------ -keratin 
What is the skeleton of a newborn baby mainly composed of? -bone-cartilage -bone marrow -collagen  ------ -cartilage 
Where is the protein called actin located in the body? -marrow -thin filaments -myosin filaments -hair  ------ -thin filaments 
When an action potential reaches the end of a neuron at a chemical synapse, it triggers the release of -neurotransmitters -sodium ions -dendrites-receptors  ------ -neurotransmitters 
The division of the nervous system that helps the body react to pain is the -somatic nervous system -sensory division -autonomic nervous system -sympathetic division  ------ -somatic nervous system 
What types of drugs generally slow down the activity of the central nervous system? -stimulants -depressants -opiates -cocaine ------ -depressants 
Which divisions of the peripheral nervous system transmits impulses from sense organs to the central nervous system? -sensory -motor -sensory and motor -spinal cord  ------ -sensory division 
Which of the five senses uses two types of photoreceptors called rods and cones? -vision -hearing-smell -taste  ------ -vision 
Painful withdrawal symptoms can occur when a drug user attempts to stop using -opiates -cocaine-inhalants -marijuana  ------ -opiates 
Alcohol does each of the following EXCEPT -slow CNS activity -stimulate heart rate -impair judgement -disrupt coordination  ------ -stimulate heart rate 
Where does the process of chemical digestion begin? -stomach -esophagus -small intestine -mouth  ------ -mouth 
A calorie is the amount of energy needed to -raise the temperature of the body by 1 degree celsius -raise the temperature of 1 g of fat by 1 degree celsius -raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree celsius -none of the above  ------ -raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree celsius 
What does mechanical digestion in the stomach involve? -absorption of nutrients by villi -pepsin and bile -muscle contractions -bile and pancreatic fluid  ------ -muscle contractions 
What is the correct direction of blood flow? -right atrium--> right ventricle --> pulmonary artery -right atrium -->left atrium --> pulmonary artery -left ventricle --> pulmonary artery --> aorta -left ventricle--> left atrium --> aorta  ------ -right atrium--> right ventricle --> pulmonary artery 
Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? -regulate filtration -distribute hormones-transport nutrients-fight infections  ------ -regulate filtration 
The function of valves in the heart is to -stimulate the heartbeat -accelerate the flow of blood -prevent the backward flow of blood -serve as a cushion to prevent friction  ------ -prevent the backward flow of blood 
When infection occurs, the number of -RBC increases -RBC decreases -WBC increases-WBC decreases  ------ WBC increases 
Which of the following is not contained in tobacco? -carbon monoxide -caffeine -nicotine -ammonia  ------ -caffeine 
The germ theory of disease states that infectious diseases are caused by -toxins -pathogens -heredity -materials in the environment  ------ -pathogens 
The body's nonspecific defenses against invading pathogens include -antibiotics -mucus, sweat, and tears -antibodies -T cells  ------ -mucus, sweat, and tears 
The inflammatory response can cause -permanent immunity -pain, swelling, and redness -antibodies to bind to antigens -T cells to attack infected cells  ------ -pain, swelling, and redness 
Humoral immunity originates from-T cells -NK cells -B cells -macrophages ------ -B cells 
An infectious disease is one that is caused by -heredity -materials in the environment -pathogens -an organ transplant  ------ -pathogens 
Which of the following is NOT a step in identifying the pathogen that causes a specific disease? -the pathogen should be found in the body of a healthy organism -the pathogen should be isolated and grown in a pure culture -the purified pathogens should cause the same disease in a new host -the pathogen should be isolated from the second host ------ -the pathogen should be found in the body of a healthy organism 
A person who has received a vaccine against polio -is able to produce antibodies against polio -is more susceptible to the polio virus than someone who has not had the vaccine -has polio antibodies in the bloodstream -has anti polio killer T cells in the bloodstream  ------ -is able to produce antibodies against polio 
Which of the following presents a risk of spreading HIV? -abstaining from sex -sharing a needle -kissing someone on the cheek -using a sterile needle to receive a medical injection ------ -sharing a needle 
Dialysis processes blood outside the body and -carries urine to the urinary bladder -pumps blood throughout the body -returns filtered blood to the body -forces water into cells and tissues by osmosis  ------ -returns filtered blood to the body 
Which gland fails to produce enough of its hormone in the disease diabetes mellitus? -adrenal -hypothalamus -pancreas -parathyroid  ------ pancreas 
Which of the following is NOT part of a nephron -urethra -tubule -glomerulus -Bowman's capsule  ------ -urethra 
What percentage of the filtrate's water that enters the Bowman's capsule is reabsorbed into the blood? -99-80-50-less than 25 ------ -99%
In the kidneys, both useful substances and wastes are removed from the blood by-reabsorption -excretion -dialysis -filtration  ------ -filtration 
When the hypothalamus detects a decreased solute concentration in the blood, it directs the kidneys (through the pituitary) to -excrete less urine -return more water to the blood by filtration -return more water to the blood by reabsorption -return less water to the blood by reabsorption  ------ -return more water to the blood by reabsorption 
During the menstrual cycle, high levels of LH cause the -corpus luteum to disintegrate -follicle to release a mature egg -uterine lining to detach from the uterus -the lining of the uterus to thicken  ------ -follicle to release a mature egg 
Which hormones stimulate sperm production -FSH and testosterone -estrogens -androgens -testosterone and progesterone  ------ -FSH and testosterone 
What is the result of gastrulation? -a blastocyst -a zygote -the amnion -three cell layers  ------ -3 cell layers 
Which of the following is NOT a function of the female reproductive system? -to produce eggs -prepare the body to carry an embryo -deliver sperm -release eggs into the oviducts  ------ -deliver sperm
Which organ system is responsible for making and delivering sperm? -female reproductive system -endocrine system -nervous system -male reproductive system  ------ -male reproductive system 
Which of the following are required for fertilization to occur inside the female body? -sperm must swim into an oviduct -an oocyte must be present in an oviduct -the nucleus of a sperm must fuse with an oocyte nucleus -all of the above  ------ -all of the above 
the placenta connects the -fetus to mother's uterus -ectoderm to endoderm -umbilical cord to mother's vagina -uterus to cervix  ------ fetus to mother's uterus 
Which cell structure contains the cell's genetic material? -organelle -nucleus -cell envelope -cytoplasm  ------ nucleus 
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration? -glycolysis, fermentation, Krebs cycle -Krebs cycle, electron transport, glycolysis -glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport -Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transport  ------ -glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport 
Cellular respiration is an aerobic process because it requires-light -exercise-oxygen -glucose  ------ oxygen 
Which of the following is a phase of mitosis? -cytokinesis -interphase-prophase-s phase ------ -prophase
Variation in human skin color is a result of -intermediate inheritance -codominance-polygenic inheritence -multiple alleles ------ polygenic inhereitance 
RNA contains the sugar -ribose -deoxyribose-glucose-lactose  ------ ribose