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ASTB Mechanics Comprehension Questions Flashcards
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Side A ------ Side B The wheels are connected by a belt. As the wheel on the left makes one revolution, the wheel on the right makesless than one revolutionexactly one revolutionmore than one revolution ------ more than one revolution If the wheel on the left turns clockwise, in which direction does the wheel on the right turn?ClockwiseCounterclockwise ------ Counterclockwise A woman sits in a dragster at the beginning of a race. As the light turns green, she steps on the accelerator. At the moment the dragster begins to accelerate what is her weight pushing into the seat relative to while the car was stationary?Less than stationaryThe same as stationaryMore than while stationary ------ More than while stationary All the gears in the system are moving and Gear 1 rotates clockwise. What other gears in the system also rotate clockwise?2 and 42 and 53 and 5 ------ 3 and 5 In which case is less force needed to move weight (W) up the ramp?ABThe force is the same in each case. ------ A If each pendulum is released from the position shown, which pendulum requires the longest amount of time to complete one swing?ABThe times are equal ------ B The voltage drop or potential difference is greater across which resistor?RaRbIt is the same across either resistor ------ It is the same across either resistor If the large portion has 3 times the surface area of the small piston, how far must the small piston be pushed down to raise the large piston 1 inch?1/2 inch1 inch3 inches ------ 3 inches If the three squad leaders are to stay on line, which of them must turn the most slowly?ABC ------ C In order to balance the scale above, the fulcrum should be movedtoward Atoward Bin either directions ------ toward B If the scale was balanced before u moved the fulcrum, which of the balls is more dense?Ball ABall BThey have the same density ------ Ball B Where would it be best to hold a pruners' handles while trying to cut a branch?ABIt does not matter ------ B If the current leaves the battery in the direction shown in the diagram, what is the direction of the current in resistor X?ABThere is no current in the resistor ------ A The voltage drop is greater across which resistorRxRyIt is the same across either resistor ------ Rx Where is the current greater in the circuit?Greater at A than BGreater at B than AThe same at A and B ------ The same at A and B X, which has a negative charge, is positioned between a positive charge (A) and a negative charge (B). In which direction will X move?ABRemain where it is ------ A In a stream, water flows through narrow and wide sections. In which sections does the water flow fastest?Narrow sectionWide sectionThe same through either section ------ Narrow section At what point is the velocity of a bullet fastest?When it leaves the muzzleWhen it reaches the top of its arcWhen it hits the target ------ When it leaves the muzzle The rate of heat exchange is faster betweenan ice cube and 100° glass of wateran ice cube and 40° glass of waternone of the above ------ an ice cube and 100° glass of water If two glasses of water 40° and glass A was 1/2 full whle glass B was 3/4 full, which glass would melt the more ice in a given amount of timeABThey would melt an equal amount of ice ------ B Did you read a mechanical comprehension hand out?No, but I will now.No! What hand out?Yes, and I understood everything. ------ Yes, and I understood everything. If the large pistion has 2 times the surface area of the small piston, how far must the large piston be pushed down to raise the small piston 1 inch?1 inch2 inches1/2 inch ------ 1/2 inch When the wheels X are turned at the same speed, which turns wheels Y faster?Wheel X1Wheel X2They turn wheels Y at the same speed ------ Wheel X1 Imagine if wheels X where the front sprocket of a bicycle and wheels Y the rear sprocket. Which system would be hardest to pedal up a hill?System ASystem BThey would have the same difficulty ------ System A If wheel X1 is exactly twice the size wheel Y1, and wheel X1 is turned one time, how many times will wheel Y turn?One turnTwo turnsOne half turn ------ Two turns In system A, as wheel X1 makes one revolution, point Atravels a greater distance than point Btravels a smaller distance than point Btravels the same distance as point B ------ travels the same distance as point B Above is a cross section of a wing. Air travels over it and under it. As the wing moves through the air speed relative to the foil isgreater above the wingbelow the wingthe same above and below the wing ------ greater above the wing When the plug in the tube is removed, water flowsinto the tubeout of the tubeneither way ------ into the tube For which position of the weight is the tension on the string at point X greater?ABIt is the same for each position ------ B When is it more difficult to hold an inflated beach ball under water?Close to the surfaceDown deepThe difficulty is the same at either depth ------ Down deep When does a beach ball seem more buoyant?Close to the surfaceDown deepThe buoyancy is the same at either depth ------ Down deep Which weight exerts less pull on the horizontal bar from which the weights hang by strings?ABEach weight exerts the same pull on the bar ------ A A submarine is traveling through the ocean when its outer hull cracks and air pushes out of its lower right side. In which direction must the rudder be turned to ensure the submarine remains on its heading?AB ------ A A submarine is traveling through the ocean when its outer hulls cracks and air pushes out its lower right side. In which direction must the submarine be turned to ensure the submarine remains on its headingtowards the porttowards the starboard ------ towards the starboard If the board to the left was placed in water, in what orientation would it float?A higher than BB higher than APerfectly level ------ B higher than A If two resistors and a battery are arranged in each of the above circuits, which circuit arrangement has greater resistance?Circuit ACircuit BThey have the same resistance ------ Circuit A The lever above is anchored just to the left of point A. If one were to raise it one inch measured from point A to the ground, point B would riseless than one inchone inchmore than one inch ------ more than one inch In which case is more force needed to raise the weight?ABThe force is the same in each case ------ A Which system requires more rope to be pulled to lift the weight the same distance?ABThey require the same amount of rope ------ B Which pendulum takes less time to make one swing?ABEach takes the same time to make one swing ------ A If pendulum A was the same length as pendulum B, which pendulum would take more time to make one swing?ABEach would take the same time to make one swing ------ Each would take the same time to make one swing Newton's First LawAn object in motion will stay in motion, object at rest will stayin motionat restequilibrium ------ at rest Newton's Second LawForce = Mass * GravityAccelerationVelocitySpeed ------ Acceleration Newton's Third LawFor every action there isa) an equal and opposite reactionb) a varied responsec) multiple reactions ------ a) an equal and opposite reaction Speed of conduction, which occurs in solids and stationary liquidsa) creates more heat across multiple objectsb) moves the lower temperature from one solid to the otherc) depends on the temperature difference ------ c) depends on the temperature difference Butcher Knives, Axes, Nail Cutters, are examples ofLeversPulleysWedgesScrews ------ Wedges This device is typically used to measure wires, spheres, shafts and blocks.MicrometerMultimeterTape Measure ------ Micrometer Compressing air in a closed place will _______ the volume and ______ the pressuredecrease, decreasedecrease, increaseincrease, raiseincrease, increase ------ decrease, increase Bernoulli's principalapplies to liquidsapplies to airinvolves flow and pressureall of the above ------ all of the above This class of lever is like your everyday crowbar. The fulcrum is in the middle with the resistance force, the load, on one end and the effort force on the other. An example of this would be a seesaw.First class leverSecond class leverThird class lever ------ First class lever On this class lever, the fulcrum is on the end, the resistance force, the load, is in the middle,and the effort is at the other end. An example of this would be a wheelbarrow.First class leverSecond class leverThird class lever ------ Second class lever On this class lever, the fulcrum is on the end of one side, the effort force is in the middle, and the resistance force, the load, is at the the top. An example of this would be a baseball bat.First class leverSecond class leverThrid class lever ------ Third class lever The formula for force is ------ mass times acceleration The maximum weight, W, that can be lifted as shown with a pull of 100 lbs is100 lbs200 lbs300 lbs ------ 200 lbs A 5 kg wad of clay is tied to the end of a string. A 300 gm copper moving horizontally is embedded into the clay and causes the clay and ball to rise to a height of 0.2 m. The intial velocity v¹ of the ball is nearly6.3 m/s7.3 m/s8.3 m/s ------ 8.3 m/s Which exerts a larger force over a distance?A small force over a long distanceA large force over a short distance ------ A small force over a long distance The formula for Work is ------ Force x distance The formula for Efficiency is ------ Workout/Workin , since friction causes inefficiency. The fraction is never greater than 1. A force acting on a surface is called pressure, and is calculated by ------ Pressure = Force / AreaCan be used for fluid pressure and atmospheric pressure An observer standing on the ground sees you running 55 mph. If you were running towards the caboose, what would the velocity be?45 mph50 mph52 mph55 mph ------ 45 mph A 300 lb weight rests on a hydraulic surface with an area of 376 square inches (2 square ft). What force is needed to act upon the smaller surface having an area of 36 square inches (six by six)? ------ 28.8 lbs Pressure in liquids that are not moving is called ________ pressure, and is caused by ______. If fact, as you go twice as deep, the pressure will be ______ as much.hydrostatic/gravity/increaseshydraulic/force/increaseshydraulic/gravity/decreaseshyydrostatic/force/decreases ------ hydrostatic/gravity/increases ____________ pressure is caused by the weight of the air between the earth's surface and space.HydraulicAtmosphericHydrostatic ------ Atmospheric Energy travels from objects of different temperature in the form of _____ through the process of conduction and convection and radiation. ------ Heat _________ occurs in liquid and gases by calculating currents caused by a difference in density. All objects radiate heat; most of which is infared radiation that is not visible. ________ heat transfer depends on the temperature difference. The _________ are not important. Nor does it matter whether one is cold rather than hot. The heat will flow from the hot object to the cold object. The rate of heat transfer will be greater for a larger temperature difference.Convection/Radiation/MassRadiation/Conduction/TemperatureConduction/Convection/TemperatureConvection/Conduction/TemperatureRadiation/Convection/WeightConduction/Radiation/Temperature ------ Conduction/Convection/Temperature Electrical forces are caused by electrical charges which may be positive or negative.Which of the following is true?Opposite charges repel, like charges attract.Electrical forces decrease as the distance between charge particles increases.Particles that are apart will exert greater forces on each other than particles that are close ------ Electrical forces decrease as the distance between charge particles increases. This circuit element dissipates energy through heatResistorsCapacitorsInductorsDiodesTransformers ------ Resistors This circuit element stores electrical energy between two parallel platesResistorsCapacitorsInductorsDiodesTransformers ------ Capacitors This circuit element stores magnetic energyResistorsCapacitorsInductorsDiodesTransformers ------ Inductors This circuit element restricts current to only one direction. A semiconductor used as a rectifier. Rectifiers convert AC to DCResistorsCapacitorsInductorsDiodesTransformers ------ Diodes This circuit element is used to convert electricity from one voltage to anotherResistorsCapacitorsInductorsDiodesTransformers ------ Transformers The two kinds of circuits that you are responsible for are: ------ Parallel circuitsSeries circuits These kinds of circuits are identifies by seeing sever circuit elements, (resistors, lights, etc.) running between parallel to each other between the positive and negative sides of the power source ------ Parallel circuits, and in this circuit, the current gets divided between two or more elements In these kinds of circuits, all of the circuit-elements are in a row along a single wire similar to a set of Christmas lights ------ Series circuits, and in this circuit, the voltage will continue to drop as it passes through elements until it has finally dropped to 0. What is Ohm's law? ------ I = V/R As you follow the path of the current from the positive node away from the battery and through an element, the voltage will be the same as the bettery until the current goes through the element. After crossing a resistor there will be a _________ ------ Voltage drop The theory behind leverage is that the longer the lever, the more ______ u produce.forcetorquedistanceweight ------ torque, which is the product of force and distance Doubling the length of the lever-arm would ________ the torque that you apply. ------ double The torque created by the hand must _______ the torque produced by the weight before it can be lifted.EqualDouble ------ Equal Left Side:Force = 60 lbsDistance to fulcrm = 8 ftRight Side:Force = ?Distance = 15 ftForce on the right side equals30 lbs32 lbs34 lbs36 lbs ------ 32 lbs The _______________ of a lever is calculated by dividing the arm-length that you are applying a force by the arm-length of the resisting weight.TorqueEffortForceMechanical Advantage ------ Mechanical Advantage What is the formula for the Mechanical Advantage of a lever? ------ Effort Arm / Resisting ArmMA = length of effort arm ÷ length of resistance arm. What is the Mechanical Advantage of in the diagram?11.441.882 ------ 1.88 You may see problems where weights and forces are acting on a single lever arm. It's possible that you'll see a combination of both. In these cases, you have to realize that torque acts in two directions. What are the two directions?They repelThey attractclockwise and counterclockwise ------ clockwise and counterclockwise Solve for the unknown force or distance11 lbs15 lbs10.9 lbs33 lbs ------ 11 lbs A pendulums has three weights attached, each 8 in away from each other. One string is 7 in long and has a 3 lb weight. The other two strings are 5 in long. Each have a weight of 4 lbs and 8 lbs. All of them are swung from the left to the right. Which of the ff is true?a) The one with the longer string takes the longest to make one complete swingb) With the two 5 inch strings, the string with the 8 lb weight will take longer to complete a swingc) All of the above ------ a) The one with the longer string takes the longest to make one complete swingThe weight does not matter with swing time. You had two tennis balls and held them over a 10 story building, and you dropped Tennis ball A straight down while Tennis ball B was tossed horizontally first, but released them at the same time. Which would hit the ground first?ABThey hit the ground at the same time ------ They hit the ground at the same time Pushing a weight up an incline requires only a fraction of the force needed to lift the weight directly. This fraction can be found by calculating a) the ratio of the slope-length divided by the heightb) the opposite leg divided by the hypotenuse of a right triangle (sin 0)c) all of the above ------ all of the above For a height of 5, and a slope-length of 10, the Mechanical Advantage in the diagram is101512 ------ 2 The mechanical advantage for a pulley systema) equals the number of ropes within the systemb) equals the number of pulleys within a systemc) equals the maximum weight of the objecte) equals the maximum effort exerted ------ equals the number of ropes within the systemOnly MOVEABLE pulleys provide mechanical advantage The load is supported by how many strands of rope?1234 ------ 3 If the pull of the truck in the diagram is 100 lbs, what is the maximum weight of the object?100 lbs200 lbs300 lbs400 lbs ------ 400 lbsNOTE: Also the weight will raise 1 ft for every 4 ft you pull When several ropes are in contact with the weight, they all contribute equally. Tension is defined asthe force that the rope sustains internallythe force that is needed to move the weight ------ the force that the rope sustains internallythe force that is needed to move the weight is equal in the rope where someone is pulling it. In the figure, there are ropes holding the weight up. Therefore they each contribute ____ of the force needed to hold the weight.11/21/31/4 ------ 1/3 This specifies the change in position of a point in reference to a previous position. In simple terms, it's the difference between the initial position and the final position of an object.DisplacementMovementRangeVolume ------ Displacement R = (D*R)/d is the formula forRadiusRangeGear Revolutions ------ Gear Revolutionsr=(D*R)/d ; r*d=R*D Hydrometers use floats to measurespecfic gravitydisplacementhardness of wateramounts of water ------ specfic gravity Specific gravity is the weight of a ______ compared with the weight of the water.solidgasliquidmass ------ Liquid The liquid with the highest specific gravity will causethe float to rise higher in the glass tubethe weight to sink to the bottom of the glass tubethe float to maintain a balance in the center of the glass tube ------ the float to rise higher in the glass tube Pliers and scissors are ________ levers and explain where the fulcrum of the lever is.First ClassSecond ClassThird Class ------ First class.The fulcrm is in the middle A nutcracker or wheelbarrow are _________ levers.First ClassSecond ClassThird Class ------ Second class.The fulcrum is at one end, load is in between. Tongs or tweezers are examples of _________ leversFirst ClassSecond ClassThird Class ------ Third ClassFulcrum is at one end, effort is in between. In pulley's, the smaller pulley will turn _______ than those larger than it.FasterSlowerSame Speed ------ FasterIt has to "keep up" and therefore turns faster. a* d = A * Da = aread = displacementA = bigger aread = bigger displacementThis is the formula for what? ------ Mechanical Advantage in a piston An axe is classified as a wedge, which is aninclined planefirst class leversecond class leverthird class lever ------ inclined plane The __________ the fulcrum is from the resistance arm, the __________ amount of force that is required to lift the weight and the _______ the resistance arm will travel.closer, greater, higherfarther, less, highercloser, greater, lowerfarther, greater, lower ------ closer, greater, higher No electricity flows through burnt out bulbs, but a ________ can bypass it if connected on both sides. It tells you the total voltage in a circuit. ------ voltimeter Which of the following is true:Current and Voltage varies in a parallelCurrent is constant in a series, voltage is notVoltage is constant in a series, current is notCurrent and Voltage are constant in a series ------ Current is constant in a series, voltage is notCurrent * resistance = voltage The current with the _______ resistance is usually in series, because it forces the current through all resistors. ------ greater In a 2 pulley system, the movable pulley will only move up half the distance, and spin half as much as the fixed pulley. ------ No answer. That was a statement. What is the rpm for this wheel, that requires 2 contacts per second?1516488 ------ 15twice per second = 120 contacts per minute. 8 rods on wheel. 120/8=15 Heat is a form ofcaloriesmotionenergypressurization ------ energy On a standard day, at sea level, assuming static conditions, the speed of sound is1100 ft per sec1200 ft per sec1300 ft per sec1425 ft per sec ------ 1100 ft per sec For a plane to fly, air flowing over the top of a wing creates a vaccum, while the air flowing over the bottom a) remains at approximately the same air pressureb) decreases in air pressure, allowing the wings to glidec) increases in pressure, pushing the wings upward ------ a) remains at approximately the same air pressure The diagram depicts airflow around the wing of an aircraft. Most of the lift is caused bya) increased air pressure on the bottom side (side B)b) increased air pressure on the top side (side A)c) decreased air pressure on the bottom side (side B)d) decreased air pressure on the top side (side A) ------ d) decreased air pressure on the top side (side A) In the diagram, which of the ff statements is not true?a) pulley 2 would spin faster than pulley 4b) pulley 4 would spin faster than pulley 3c) pulley 1 would spin faster than pulley 3d) pulley 4 would spin faster than pulley 5 ------ c) pulley 1 would spin faster than pulley 3according to the book Which tool below is the best for cutting metal?hacksawchainsawrotary sawhandsaw ------ hacksawhacksaw was designed for metal. Which of the ff is a type of lever?elevatorseesawdoor hingeelectrical cord ------ seesaw What is the formula of force for a lever? ------ Fᴱ = FL dL / dᴱFormula can be changed toFᴱ dᴱ = FL dLFᴱ = effort force (N, lb)FL = load force (N, lb) (note that weight is a force)dL = distance from load force to fulcrum (m, ft)dᴱ = distance from effort force to fulcrum (m, ft) Approx how much force must be exerted to lift the box?67 lbs100 lbs250 lbs258 lbs ------ 67 lbsFᴱ dᴱ = FL dLFᴱ 30ft = 200lb * 10ftFᴱ 30ft = 2000lbftFᴱ = 2000lbft/30ftFᴱ = 66.6666666 or 67 lb Which wrench would require more force to turn a bolt?Wrench AWrench BNo DifferenceNone of the above ------ Wrench A In order to move the block five feet, how many feet of rope would have to be pulled?5101520 ------ 15 The number of cranks the crankshaft of a V-6 engine has is2468 ------ 66 pistons, 1 crank per piston Pulley A is the same size of Pulleys B and C, and twice the size of Pulley D. For each revolution made by Pulley C, how many revolutions will Pulley A make?onetwothreefour ------ twoaccording to the book, two. In order to lift a 100 lb load onto a dock five feet high, using only 25 lbs of force, how long of a ramp would have to be used?5 ft10 ft15 ft20 ft ------ 20 ft100 / 25 = 44 = required MA for an inclined plane4 * 5 feet high = 20 ft One horsepower is equal toa) 33,000 ft-pound work per minb) 150 lbs of force in an hourc) 950 psid) 17,500 ergs ------ a) 33,000 ft-pound work per min In the diagram, how many pulleys are turning in a clockwise direction?onetwothreefour ------ fouraccording to the book, 4 Wheel A has a diameter of 10 inches. Wheel B has a diameter of 25 inches. If both revolve at the same speed, which wheel will travel the most distance in the same amount of time?Wheel AWheel BSame distanceCannot determine ------ Wheel B How many gears are turning in a counterclockwise direction?twothreefourfive ------ three If Gear 1 has revolves twice, how times will Gear 2 revolve?1234 ------ 1The picture would have 2 gears, a small 10 tooth, and a large 20 tooth. In the figure, for each complete revolution of the cam, how many times will the valve open?1234 ------ 3 What is the area of a cylinder? ------ 2(π r²) + (2 π r)* h In the hydraulic system depicted, the cylinder on the left has a diameter of 2 inches and the cylinder on the right has a diameter of 6 inches. If 100 lbs of force was applied to the cylinder on the left, what force would be exerted on the cylinder on the right?300 lbs33.3 lbs900 lbs450 lbs ------ 900 lbs In the design, which tank(s) will overfill?Tank ATank BTank A and CTank B and C ------ Tank A and C Which of the following are not parts of a braking system of an automobile?discsmaster cylinderaxelwheels ------ axel On a braking system, the axel supports the wheel, but is not part of the braking system. The _________ provides hydraulic force to press discs (or pads) against wheels of a vehicle, making use of the force of the friction to slow (or stop) the wheels.discspadscalipersmaster cylinder ------ master cylinder When a machine magnifies force, it is referred to asmagnification factormechanical advantageleverage factorefficience factor ------ mechanical advantage A pitch isa) the distance between the threads of a screwb) the gap measurement of a spark plugc) the angle measurement of a simple leverd) one of the four basic measurements of force ------ a) the distance between the threads of a screw When an object is at equilibriuma) its velocity does not changeb) the object speeds upc) the object is at restd) the object changes direction ------ a) its velocity does not change Equilibrium isa) when at object is at restb) when 2 or more forces act to cancel the effects of each otherd) when the velocity speeds up ------ b) when 2 or more forces act to cancel the effects of each otherAn object at equilibrium may be at rest, but not necessarily so. An example of a simple machine isa door hingelight switchcan openerall of the above ------ all of the above When a helium-filled ballon rises, the force responsible isfrictionair pressurebuoyancygravity ------ air pressure In physics, power can be defined aswork/timeenergy/efficiencyleverage/massfriction/drag ------ work/time The force acting on an object dropped from a building isbuoyancyelastic recoilgravityequilibrium ------ gravity If you remove your foot from the gas pedal in ur car, it will slowly coast to a stop. The force which causes this isfrictiongravityvelocitymagnitude ------ friction If a driver wheel is present, the adjacent wheels will rotate according to how _________ to the center the driver wheel makes contact with them.closefar ------ closeThe closer to the center, the faster it will move. By increasing the length of the lever arm, the effort is increased, enabling a valve to blow off at a higher pressure. So if you...a) move the lever closer, this will cause the valve to blow up at a lower pressureb) move the lever farther, this will cause less effortc) move the weight towards the fulcrum, this will cause an increase on pressured) move the effort closer, this will cause the valve to blow up faster ------ b) moving the lever farther will cause less effortNOTE: ...and lets the valve blow up at a lower pressure What is the formula to find the volume of a sphere? ------ 4/3π r³ What is the formula to find the area of a sphere? ------ 4 π r² If two weights hang from two different strings attached to a bar, less pull is exerted by the weight of less weight.Which of the ff is true:a) the weight does not matterb) the length of the string does not matterc) the distance the weights have from the ground does not matter ------ b) the length of the string does not matter The deeper you go with an inflated ball, the more difficult it is to hold it underwater. So the buoyancya) will not change, no matter how deep you go into the waterb) will increase, depending on how deep you go into the waterc) will decrease, depending on how deep you go into the water ------ b) will increase, depending on how deep you go into the water Rate of heat exchange is _____ through objects of greater temperature differenceslowerthe same speed asfaster ------ faster Think about putting your thumb on the end of a hose makes the water spray.a) water flows faster through narrow areas that it does through widerb) the same amount of water will flow through the smaller and larger part of the hose at a given timec) all of the above ------ c) all of the above This kind of engine consists of an intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust.2 stroke4 stroke8 stroke ------ 4 stroke What is the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle? ------ radius of axel to handle divided by the radius of the drumradius(axel to handle)/radius(drum) Statics and EquilibriumFormula for a moment? ------ Force * distance ________ energy is stored in an object while _________ energy is energy in motion.Kinetic, PotentialPotential, KineticPressurized, Freeflow ------ Potential, Kinetic I = Q/TDefine I, Q, TCurrent, charge, timeVoltage, momentum, timeVoltage, charge, timeCurrent, force, time ------ Current, charge, time This device measures the current flow in a circuitAmmeterVoltmeterMultimeter ------ Ammeter This device measures does the job of both measuring the flow in a current and the voltageAmmeterVoltmeterMultimeter ------ Multimeter The formula for Power is ------ Power = volts * amperes Units for a charge iscoulomb, Campere, Avolts, Vwatts, W ------ coulomb, C Units for current flow arecoulomb, Campere, Avolts, Vwatts, W ------ ampere, A ViseMA = (2*pi*length of handle) divided by what? ------ pitch of thread Formula of Weight isMass * GravityGravity is equal to9.81 m/s²32.3 ft/s²22.1 mph ------ 9.81 m/s²All the other answers are off by 0.1 only.32.2 ft/s²22 mph The formula for Density is ------ Mass / Volume The formula for Relative Density is ------ Density / Density(Reference Material) If you add salt into a liquid, the solution has a lower freezing point. This is becausea) there is an increase in specific gravityb) there was a decrease of density in the reference materialc) the volume of the saltwater solution decreased ------ a) there is an increase in specific gravitySpecific gravity usually means relative density with respect to water. The increase in the density of the liquid compared to regular water or gas makes salwater "more solid." Heat alwaysdistributes between objectstravels from hot to cold ------ travels from hot to cold Compressing air in a closed place will decrease the volume and raise the temperaturea) Trueb) False, temperature will stay the same.c) False, volume will stay the same ------ True A square plate is hanging by 4 wires (one on each corner). One breaks, and it's hanging by only 3 wires now. a) each wire now carry the same amount of weightb) the 2 diagonally across from each other hold an equal amount that is more than the lone wire in one cornerc) the lone wire does not support. The 2 diagnoals carry the plate alone. ------ b) the 2 diagonally across from each other hold an equal amount that is more than the lone wire in one corner Will an airplane with engine and propeller take off on a treadmill or converyor belt, regardless of the run setting? ------ Will a glider (no engine or propeller) take off on a treadmill or converyor belt, regardless of the run setting? ------ A common example of a first-class lever isa seesawa wheelbarrowtongs ------ a seesaw The force F required to balance the weight of 60 lbs on the lever, shown in the diagram above, is most nearly210 lbs240 lbs672 lbs ------ 210 lbs The mechanical advantage shown is458 ------ 5 What effort must be exerted to the handles of the wheelbarrow shown carrying a load of 200 lbs (neglect the weight of the wheelbarrow in ur computation)?40 lbs50 lbs65 lbs ------ 50 lbs The bar, which is exactly 4 inches in length, has a 275 lbs weight on one end and a 125 lb weight on the opposite end. For the bar to balance, the distance from the 275 lb weight to the fulcrum point shd be (neglect the weight of the bar in ur computation)1 1/4 inches1 inch3/4 inches ------ 1 1/4 inches Neglecting friction, what is the mechanical advantage in using a single fixed pulley as shown ?123 ------ 1 In the figure shown, the pulley system consists of a fixed block and a moveable block. Neglecting friction and the weight of the pulley system, what effort would be needed to lift a 100 lb weight100 lbs75 lbs50 lbs ------ 50 lbs The weight W is to be raised as shown in the figure by attaching the pull rope to the truck. If the weight is to be raised 8 ft, the truck will have to move16 ft24 ft32 ft ------ 24 ft The formula for an inclinded plane isMA = L/HMA = mechanical advantageL = lengthH = ? ------ H = heightMA = L / HL = length A gradual slope will provide a ________ mechanical advantage than a steep slope.higherlower ------ higher In the figure shown, the service person is using a plank to roll a 300-pound barrel up to the bed of the truck. The force that must be applied is most nearly200 pounds150 pounds100 pounds ------ 100 pounds How do you find the mechanical advantage for a wheel and axel? ------ Diameter/Radius In the figure shown, a bucket is being raised by a wheel-and-axel arrangement. If the distance from the center of the axle to the handle is 8 inches and the diameter of the drum around which the rope is wound is 4 inches, the theoretical mechanical advantage is248 ------ 4 To make a 1/2" hole in a block of wood, use toolABC ------ B To cut a thread on a 1/2" brass rod, use toolABC ------ A The number 18 appearing on the tool shown above indicatesdepth of openingsize of openingthreads per inch ------ threads per inch Which of the 1½ volt dry cell battery connections shown above will deliver 6 volts?123 ------ 2 In the figure given, if the thickness of the wall of the pipe is ½", the inside diameter of the pipe is3"3 1/8"3 1/4" ------ 3" The figure above represents a revolving wheel. The numbers 1 and 2 indicate two fixed points on the wheel. The number 3 indicats the center of the wheel. Of the following, the most accurate statement is thata) point 1 makes more revolutins per minute than point 2b) point 2 makes more revolutions per minute than point 1c) points 1 and 2 make the same number of revolutions per minute ------ c) points 1 and 2 make the same number of revolutions per minute In the figure shown, if gear A makes 14 revolutions, gear B will make141721 ------ 21 With the wheels in the position shown in the figurea) wheels S and T will rotate in opposite directionb) wheels S and T will rotate in the same directionsc) wheels S and T will rotate at the same speed ------ b) wheels S and T will rotate in the same directions In order to open the valve four times every second, the wheel must rotate at12 rpm18 rpm24 rpm ------ 24 rpm4 times every second = 24010 rods on the wheel240/10 In the figure shown, a 160-lb individual jumps off an 800-lb raft to a point in the water 10 ft away. Theoretically, the raft will movea) 2 ft in the opposite directionb) 3 ft in the opposite directionc) 4 ft in the opposite direction ------ a) 2 ft in the opposite direction The figure shows a lever-type safety valve. It will blow off at a lower pressure if weight W isincreasedmoved to the leftmoved to the right ------ moved to the left As shown in the figure, four air reservoirs have been filled with air by the air compressor. If the main line air gauge reads 100 lbs, then the tank air gauge will read25 lbs50 lbs100 lbs ------ 100 lbs In the figure above, the number of complete turns the vise handle must make to fully close the jaws is14161820 ------ 18 In the figure shown, the center-to-center distance between the two poles is1 3/4"1 15/16"1 7/8" ------ 1 15/16" If an 8" level indicates 16 quarts of oil in the tank, then the number of quarts of oil to be added to raise the level from 6" to 8" is2 quarts4 quarts6 quarts ------ 4 quarts Which illustration depicts the compression stroke?XYZ ------ ZBoth valves are closed and the piston is moving upwards What is the proper sequence of the four strokes of a piston in a gasoline engineW X Y ZX Z Y WY Z X W ------ Y Z X W The gauge shown above is adepth gaugefeeler gaugethread gauge ------ thread gaugeThe thread or screw-pitch gauge is used to determine the pitch and number of threads per inch of threaded fasteners. The wrench shown is generally used whena) a definite force must be applied to a nut or bolt headb) a tight nut must be broken loosec) rapid turning of the nut or bolt is of prime importance ------ a definite force must be applied to a nut or bolt headThe torque is read visually on a dial mounted on the handle of the wrench. It is used when a definte force must be applied. Which of the figures shown is the proper procedure for pulling adjustable wrenches?ABBoth are proper procedures ------ AThe handle of the adjustable wrench should be pulled toward the side having the adjustable jaw. This will prevent the adjustable jaw from springing open and slipping off the nut. Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it.TrueFalse ------ True Newton's Law describes a relationship between an object's _______ and _______ as the applied force.pressure, densityweight, velocitymass, accelerationdensity, distance ------ mass, acceleration In Newton's Third Law, forcea) is neither created or destroyedb) if there is no opposing force, the motion will never stop.c) always elicits an equal, opposite force acting against itd) is the cause for intertiae) all of the above ------ c) always elicits an equal, opposite force acting against itWhenever a first body exerts a force F on a second body, the second body exerts a force −F on the first body. F and −F are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. A 150 lb man jumps off a 600 lb raft to a point in the water 12 ft away. Theoretially, the raft would movea) 12 ft in the opposite directionb) 9 ft in the opposite directionc) 6 ft in the opposite directiond) 3 ft in the opposite directione) 1 ft in the opposite direction ------ 3 ft in the opposite direction150 lb x 12 ft = 600 lb x ? ft The mechanical advantage of a lever can be increased bya) placing the fulcrum closer to the object being liftedb) moving the effort force upwards the lever closer to the object being liftedc) lengthening the lever arm or by the placement of the fulcrum (base)d) both a and ce) all of the above ------ d) both a and c A lever arm is in balance when the force x length of one side of a fulcrum is equal to the force x length on the other side of the fulcrum. With this info, test this concept:The force F needed to balance the lever is, in lbs, most nearly10 lbs14 lbs15 lbs18 lbs ------ 10 lbs Then tension of a string in figure A is greater than the tension of a single spring in Figure B. The spring tension of springs supporting an object individually spreads the load between the individual springs.10 lb weights are each suspended from a ceiling by 3 identical springs. In A, the extension of each spring isK) Nine times greater than in BL) Three times greater than in BM) The same as in BN) One-third less than in BO) One-ninth less than in B ------ L) Three times greater than in B Pulleys. Which of the following is always not true about a pulley.a) a pulley system will reduce the force required to lift an objectb) the mechanical advantage is proportional to the number of moveable and unmoveable pulleys in the systemc) a moveable pulley provides less advantage as a fixed pulleyd) both a and be) all of the above ------ e) all of the above What amount of force is required to move the weight (assume the supported objects all weight 100 lbs) in the pulley system? ------ 50lbs What amount of force is required to move the weight (assume the supported objects all weight 100 lbs) in the pulley system? ------ 33.3 lbs What amount of force is required to move the weight (assume the supported objects all weight 100 lbs) in the pulley system? ------ 25 lbs The immoveable one pulley system provides ___ the force to lift the object and will have a ratio of 1:11/212 ------ 1/2There is 1 rope. Divided evenly into 2, and no mechanical advantage, since the pulley is immoveable If the pulley is immoveable, what is the minimum force that must be applied to position 1 in order to raise the 20 lb weight at position 2 upwards 3 feet20 lbs over 2 ft10.1 lbs over 3 ft7.5 lbs over 3 ft ------ 10.1 lbs over 3 ft This is Boyles Law:a) Compressing a gas to 1/2 volume doubles the pressureb) If the pressure decreased by 1/2, the volume would doublec) Both A and Bd) None of the above ------ c) Both A and BActually, Boyle's law describes the inversely proportional relationship between the absolute pressure and volume of a gas, if the temperature is kept constant within a closed system. Charles' Law is whena) you heat some liquid, and the temperature changes, but the volume stays the sameb) you open a can of coke, and the soda starts fizzing outc) both a and bd) none of the above ------ b) you open a can of coke, and the soda starts fizzing outIf gas is held at a constant pressure, the volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. Bernoulli's Principal is whena) a good pitcher throws a curve ballb) you siphon a gas tankc) when the pressure increases, the velocity increasesd) both a and be) both b and cd) all of the above ------ d) both a and bBernoulli's princiapl states that as the velocity of a fluid increases, its pressure decreases. The higher the altitude, the more dense the air.TrueFalse ------ False The deeper an object is submerged, the more pressure is exerted upon it.TrueFalse ------ True Which of the statements about weight are true?a) Weight is the same closer to the earth's surface as would be in midairb) Weight is greater on planets with greater massc) Weight is consistent from location to locationd) Both A and Ce) All of the abovef) None of the above ------ b) Weight is greater on planets with greater massMass does not change and is not affected by gravity. Weight does, depending on the location. A and C would apply to Mass, but not weight. If Gear R is thedriver, at the moment shown, Gear S isP) not movingQ) jammedR) moving at its highest speedS) moving in the same direction as Gear RT) moving in the opposite direction as Gear R ------ T) moving in the opposite direction as Gear R If Gear A makes 14 revolutions, gear B will makeA) 9 revolutionsB) 14 revolutionsC) 17 revolutionsD) 21 revolutionsE) 25 revoltions ------ D) 21 revolutions _______ is the factor or ratio by which a mechanism multiplies the force or torque applied to it. ------ Mechanical AdvantageOutput force Input forceordistance w/c force is applied divided by distance over w/c a load is moved
Side A ------ Side B The wheels are connected by a belt. As the wheel on the left makes one revolution, the wheel on the right makesless than one revolutionexactly one revolutionmore than one revolution ------ more than one revolution If the wheel on the left turns clockwise, in which direction does the wheel on the right turn?ClockwiseCounterclockwise ------ Counterclockwise A woman sits in a dragster at the beginning of a race. As the light turns green, she steps on the accelerator. At the moment the dragster begins to accelerate what is her weight pushing into the seat relative to while the car was stationary?Less than stationaryThe same as stationaryMore than while stationary ------ More than while stationary All the gears in the system are moving and Gear 1 rotates clockwise. What other gears in the system also rotate clockwise?2 and 42 and 53 and 5 ------ 3 and 5 In which case is less force needed to move weight (W) up the ramp?ABThe force is the same in each case. ------ A If each pendulum is released from the position shown, which pendulum requires the longest amount of time to complete one swing?ABThe times are equal ------ B The voltage drop or potential difference is greater across which resistor?RaRbIt is the same across either resistor ------ It is the same across either resistor If the large portion has 3 times the surface area of the small piston, how far must the small piston be pushed down to raise the large piston 1 inch?1/2 inch1 inch3 inches ------ 3 inches If the three squad leaders are to stay on line, which of them must turn the most slowly?ABC ------ C In order to balance the scale above, the fulcrum should be movedtoward Atoward Bin either directions ------ toward B If the scale was balanced before u moved the fulcrum, which of the balls is more dense?Ball ABall BThey have the same density ------ Ball B Where would it be best to hold a pruners' handles while trying to cut a branch?ABIt does not matter ------ B If the current leaves the battery in the direction shown in the diagram, what is the direction of the current in resistor X?ABThere is no current in the resistor ------ A The voltage drop is greater across which resistorRxRyIt is the same across either resistor ------ Rx Where is the current greater in the circuit?Greater at A than BGreater at B than AThe same at A and B ------ The same at A and B X, which has a negative charge, is positioned between a positive charge (A) and a negative charge (B). In which direction will X move?ABRemain where it is ------ A In a stream, water flows through narrow and wide sections. In which sections does the water flow fastest?Narrow sectionWide sectionThe same through either section ------ Narrow section At what point is the velocity of a bullet fastest?When it leaves the muzzleWhen it reaches the top of its arcWhen it hits the target ------ When it leaves the muzzle The rate of heat exchange is faster betweenan ice cube and 100° glass of wateran ice cube and 40° glass of waternone of the above ------ an ice cube and 100° glass of water If two glasses of water 40° and glass A was 1/2 full whle glass B was 3/4 full, which glass would melt the more ice in a given amount of timeABThey would melt an equal amount of ice ------ B Did you read a mechanical comprehension hand out?No, but I will now.No! What hand out?Yes, and I understood everything. ------ Yes, and I understood everything. If the large pistion has 2 times the surface area of the small piston, how far must the large piston be pushed down to raise the small piston 1 inch?1 inch2 inches1/2 inch ------ 1/2 inch When the wheels X are turned at the same speed, which turns wheels Y faster?Wheel X1Wheel X2They turn wheels Y at the same speed ------ Wheel X1 Imagine if wheels X where the front sprocket of a bicycle and wheels Y the rear sprocket. Which system would be hardest to pedal up a hill?System ASystem BThey would have the same difficulty ------ System A If wheel X1 is exactly twice the size wheel Y1, and wheel X1 is turned one time, how many times will wheel Y turn?One turnTwo turnsOne half turn ------ Two turns In system A, as wheel X1 makes one revolution, point Atravels a greater distance than point Btravels a smaller distance than point Btravels the same distance as point B ------ travels the same distance as point B Above is a cross section of a wing. Air travels over it and under it. As the wing moves through the air speed relative to the foil isgreater above the wingbelow the wingthe same above and below the wing ------ greater above the wing When the plug in the tube is removed, water flowsinto the tubeout of the tubeneither way ------ into the tube For which position of the weight is the tension on the string at point X greater?ABIt is the same for each position ------ B When is it more difficult to hold an inflated beach ball under water?Close to the surfaceDown deepThe difficulty is the same at either depth ------ Down deep When does a beach ball seem more buoyant?Close to the surfaceDown deepThe buoyancy is the same at either depth ------ Down deep Which weight exerts less pull on the horizontal bar from which the weights hang by strings?ABEach weight exerts the same pull on the bar ------ A A submarine is traveling through the ocean when its outer hull cracks and air pushes out of its lower right side. In which direction must the rudder be turned to ensure the submarine remains on its heading?AB ------ A A submarine is traveling through the ocean when its outer hulls cracks and air pushes out its lower right side. In which direction must the submarine be turned to ensure the submarine remains on its headingtowards the porttowards the starboard ------ towards the starboard If the board to the left was placed in water, in what orientation would it float?A higher than BB higher than APerfectly level ------ B higher than A If two resistors and a battery are arranged in each of the above circuits, which circuit arrangement has greater resistance?Circuit ACircuit BThey have the same resistance ------ Circuit A The lever above is anchored just to the left of point A. If one were to raise it one inch measured from point A to the ground, point B would riseless than one inchone inchmore than one inch ------ more than one inch In which case is more force needed to raise the weight?ABThe force is the same in each case ------ A Which system requires more rope to be pulled to lift the weight the same distance?ABThey require the same amount of rope ------ B Which pendulum takes less time to make one swing?ABEach takes the same time to make one swing ------ A If pendulum A was the same length as pendulum B, which pendulum would take more time to make one swing?ABEach would take the same time to make one swing ------ Each would take the same time to make one swing Newton's First LawAn object in motion will stay in motion, object at rest will stayin motionat restequilibrium ------ at rest Newton's Second LawForce = Mass * GravityAccelerationVelocitySpeed ------ Acceleration Newton's Third LawFor every action there isa) an equal and opposite reactionb) a varied responsec) multiple reactions ------ a) an equal and opposite reaction Speed of conduction, which occurs in solids and stationary liquidsa) creates more heat across multiple objectsb) moves the lower temperature from one solid to the otherc) depends on the temperature difference ------ c) depends on the temperature difference Butcher Knives, Axes, Nail Cutters, are examples ofLeversPulleysWedgesScrews ------ Wedges This device is typically used to measure wires, spheres, shafts and blocks.MicrometerMultimeterTape Measure ------ Micrometer Compressing air in a closed place will _______ the volume and ______ the pressuredecrease, decreasedecrease, increaseincrease, raiseincrease, increase ------ decrease, increase Bernoulli's principalapplies to liquidsapplies to airinvolves flow and pressureall of the above ------ all of the above This class of lever is like your everyday crowbar. The fulcrum is in the middle with the resistance force, the load, on one end and the effort force on the other. An example of this would be a seesaw.First class leverSecond class leverThird class lever ------ First class lever On this class lever, the fulcrum is on the end, the resistance force, the load, is in the middle,and the effort is at the other end. An example of this would be a wheelbarrow.First class leverSecond class leverThird class lever ------ Second class lever On this class lever, the fulcrum is on the end of one side, the effort force is in the middle, and the resistance force, the load, is at the the top. An example of this would be a baseball bat.First class leverSecond class leverThrid class lever ------ Third class lever The formula for force is ------ mass times acceleration The maximum weight, W, that can be lifted as shown with a pull of 100 lbs is100 lbs200 lbs300 lbs ------ 200 lbs A 5 kg wad of clay is tied to the end of a string. A 300 gm copper moving horizontally is embedded into the clay and causes the clay and ball to rise to a height of 0.2 m. The intial velocity v¹ of the ball is nearly6.3 m/s7.3 m/s8.3 m/s ------ 8.3 m/s Which exerts a larger force over a distance?A small force over a long distanceA large force over a short distance ------ A small force over a long distance The formula for Work is ------ Force x distance The formula for Efficiency is ------ Workout/Workin , since friction causes inefficiency. The fraction is never greater than 1. A force acting on a surface is called pressure, and is calculated by ------ Pressure = Force / AreaCan be used for fluid pressure and atmospheric pressure An observer standing on the ground sees you running 55 mph. If you were running towards the caboose, what would the velocity be?45 mph50 mph52 mph55 mph ------ 45 mph A 300 lb weight rests on a hydraulic surface with an area of 376 square inches (2 square ft). What force is needed to act upon the smaller surface having an area of 36 square inches (six by six)? ------ 28.8 lbs Pressure in liquids that are not moving is called ________ pressure, and is caused by ______. If fact, as you go twice as deep, the pressure will be ______ as much.hydrostatic/gravity/increaseshydraulic/force/increaseshydraulic/gravity/decreaseshyydrostatic/force/decreases ------ hydrostatic/gravity/increases ____________ pressure is caused by the weight of the air between the earth's surface and space.HydraulicAtmosphericHydrostatic ------ Atmospheric Energy travels from objects of different temperature in the form of _____ through the process of conduction and convection and radiation. ------ Heat _________ occurs in liquid and gases by calculating currents caused by a difference in density. All objects radiate heat; most of which is infared radiation that is not visible. ________ heat transfer depends on the temperature difference. The _________ are not important. Nor does it matter whether one is cold rather than hot. The heat will flow from the hot object to the cold object. The rate of heat transfer will be greater for a larger temperature difference.Convection/Radiation/MassRadiation/Conduction/TemperatureConduction/Convection/TemperatureConvection/Conduction/TemperatureRadiation/Convection/WeightConduction/Radiation/Temperature ------ Conduction/Convection/Temperature Electrical forces are caused by electrical charges which may be positive or negative.Which of the following is true?Opposite charges repel, like charges attract.Electrical forces decrease as the distance between charge particles increases.Particles that are apart will exert greater forces on each other than particles that are close ------ Electrical forces decrease as the distance between charge particles increases. This circuit element dissipates energy through heatResistorsCapacitorsInductorsDiodesTransformers ------ Resistors This circuit element stores electrical energy between two parallel platesResistorsCapacitorsInductorsDiodesTransformers ------ Capacitors This circuit element stores magnetic energyResistorsCapacitorsInductorsDiodesTransformers ------ Inductors This circuit element restricts current to only one direction. A semiconductor used as a rectifier. Rectifiers convert AC to DCResistorsCapacitorsInductorsDiodesTransformers ------ Diodes This circuit element is used to convert electricity from one voltage to anotherResistorsCapacitorsInductorsDiodesTransformers ------ Transformers The two kinds of circuits that you are responsible for are: ------ Parallel circuitsSeries circuits These kinds of circuits are identifies by seeing sever circuit elements, (resistors, lights, etc.) running between parallel to each other between the positive and negative sides of the power source ------ Parallel circuits, and in this circuit, the current gets divided between two or more elements In these kinds of circuits, all of the circuit-elements are in a row along a single wire similar to a set of Christmas lights ------ Series circuits, and in this circuit, the voltage will continue to drop as it passes through elements until it has finally dropped to 0. What is Ohm's law? ------ I = V/R As you follow the path of the current from the positive node away from the battery and through an element, the voltage will be the same as the bettery until the current goes through the element. After crossing a resistor there will be a _________ ------ Voltage drop The theory behind leverage is that the longer the lever, the more ______ u produce.forcetorquedistanceweight ------ torque, which is the product of force and distance Doubling the length of the lever-arm would ________ the torque that you apply. ------ double The torque created by the hand must _______ the torque produced by the weight before it can be lifted.EqualDouble ------ Equal Left Side:Force = 60 lbsDistance to fulcrm = 8 ftRight Side:Force = ?Distance = 15 ftForce on the right side equals30 lbs32 lbs34 lbs36 lbs ------ 32 lbs The _______________ of a lever is calculated by dividing the arm-length that you are applying a force by the arm-length of the resisting weight.TorqueEffortForceMechanical Advantage ------ Mechanical Advantage What is the formula for the Mechanical Advantage of a lever? ------ Effort Arm / Resisting ArmMA = length of effort arm ÷ length of resistance arm. What is the Mechanical Advantage of in the diagram?11.441.882 ------ 1.88 You may see problems where weights and forces are acting on a single lever arm. It's possible that you'll see a combination of both. In these cases, you have to realize that torque acts in two directions. What are the two directions?They repelThey attractclockwise and counterclockwise ------ clockwise and counterclockwise Solve for the unknown force or distance11 lbs15 lbs10.9 lbs33 lbs ------ 11 lbs A pendulums has three weights attached, each 8 in away from each other. One string is 7 in long and has a 3 lb weight. The other two strings are 5 in long. Each have a weight of 4 lbs and 8 lbs. All of them are swung from the left to the right. Which of the ff is true?a) The one with the longer string takes the longest to make one complete swingb) With the two 5 inch strings, the string with the 8 lb weight will take longer to complete a swingc) All of the above ------ a) The one with the longer string takes the longest to make one complete swingThe weight does not matter with swing time. You had two tennis balls and held them over a 10 story building, and you dropped Tennis ball A straight down while Tennis ball B was tossed horizontally first, but released them at the same time. Which would hit the ground first?ABThey hit the ground at the same time ------ They hit the ground at the same time Pushing a weight up an incline requires only a fraction of the force needed to lift the weight directly. This fraction can be found by calculating a) the ratio of the slope-length divided by the heightb) the opposite leg divided by the hypotenuse of a right triangle (sin 0)c) all of the above ------ all of the above For a height of 5, and a slope-length of 10, the Mechanical Advantage in the diagram is101512 ------ 2 The mechanical advantage for a pulley systema) equals the number of ropes within the systemb) equals the number of pulleys within a systemc) equals the maximum weight of the objecte) equals the maximum effort exerted ------ equals the number of ropes within the systemOnly MOVEABLE pulleys provide mechanical advantage The load is supported by how many strands of rope?1234 ------ 3 If the pull of the truck in the diagram is 100 lbs, what is the maximum weight of the object?100 lbs200 lbs300 lbs400 lbs ------ 400 lbsNOTE: Also the weight will raise 1 ft for every 4 ft you pull When several ropes are in contact with the weight, they all contribute equally. Tension is defined asthe force that the rope sustains internallythe force that is needed to move the weight ------ the force that the rope sustains internallythe force that is needed to move the weight is equal in the rope where someone is pulling it. In the figure, there are ropes holding the weight up. Therefore they each contribute ____ of the force needed to hold the weight.11/21/31/4 ------ 1/3 This specifies the change in position of a point in reference to a previous position. In simple terms, it's the difference between the initial position and the final position of an object.DisplacementMovementRangeVolume ------ Displacement R = (D*R)/d is the formula forRadiusRangeGear Revolutions ------ Gear Revolutionsr=(D*R)/d ; r*d=R*D Hydrometers use floats to measurespecfic gravitydisplacementhardness of wateramounts of water ------ specfic gravity Specific gravity is the weight of a ______ compared with the weight of the water.solidgasliquidmass ------ Liquid The liquid with the highest specific gravity will causethe float to rise higher in the glass tubethe weight to sink to the bottom of the glass tubethe float to maintain a balance in the center of the glass tube ------ the float to rise higher in the glass tube Pliers and scissors are ________ levers and explain where the fulcrum of the lever is.First ClassSecond ClassThird Class ------ First class.The fulcrm is in the middle A nutcracker or wheelbarrow are _________ levers.First ClassSecond ClassThird Class ------ Second class.The fulcrum is at one end, load is in between. Tongs or tweezers are examples of _________ leversFirst ClassSecond ClassThird Class ------ Third ClassFulcrum is at one end, effort is in between. In pulley's, the smaller pulley will turn _______ than those larger than it.FasterSlowerSame Speed ------ FasterIt has to "keep up" and therefore turns faster. a* d = A * Da = aread = displacementA = bigger aread = bigger displacementThis is the formula for what? ------ Mechanical Advantage in a piston An axe is classified as a wedge, which is aninclined planefirst class leversecond class leverthird class lever ------ inclined plane The __________ the fulcrum is from the resistance arm, the __________ amount of force that is required to lift the weight and the _______ the resistance arm will travel.closer, greater, higherfarther, less, highercloser, greater, lowerfarther, greater, lower ------ closer, greater, higher No electricity flows through burnt out bulbs, but a ________ can bypass it if connected on both sides. It tells you the total voltage in a circuit. ------ voltimeter Which of the following is true:Current and Voltage varies in a parallelCurrent is constant in a series, voltage is notVoltage is constant in a series, current is notCurrent and Voltage are constant in a series ------ Current is constant in a series, voltage is notCurrent * resistance = voltage The current with the _______ resistance is usually in series, because it forces the current through all resistors. ------ greater In a 2 pulley system, the movable pulley will only move up half the distance, and spin half as much as the fixed pulley. ------ No answer. That was a statement. What is the rpm for this wheel, that requires 2 contacts per second?1516488 ------ 15twice per second = 120 contacts per minute. 8 rods on wheel. 120/8=15 Heat is a form ofcaloriesmotionenergypressurization ------ energy On a standard day, at sea level, assuming static conditions, the speed of sound is1100 ft per sec1200 ft per sec1300 ft per sec1425 ft per sec ------ 1100 ft per sec For a plane to fly, air flowing over the top of a wing creates a vaccum, while the air flowing over the bottom a) remains at approximately the same air pressureb) decreases in air pressure, allowing the wings to glidec) increases in pressure, pushing the wings upward ------ a) remains at approximately the same air pressure The diagram depicts airflow around the wing of an aircraft. Most of the lift is caused bya) increased air pressure on the bottom side (side B)b) increased air pressure on the top side (side A)c) decreased air pressure on the bottom side (side B)d) decreased air pressure on the top side (side A) ------ d) decreased air pressure on the top side (side A) In the diagram, which of the ff statements is not true?a) pulley 2 would spin faster than pulley 4b) pulley 4 would spin faster than pulley 3c) pulley 1 would spin faster than pulley 3d) pulley 4 would spin faster than pulley 5 ------ c) pulley 1 would spin faster than pulley 3according to the book Which tool below is the best for cutting metal?hacksawchainsawrotary sawhandsaw ------ hacksawhacksaw was designed for metal. Which of the ff is a type of lever?elevatorseesawdoor hingeelectrical cord ------ seesaw What is the formula of force for a lever? ------ Fᴱ = FL dL / dᴱFormula can be changed toFᴱ dᴱ = FL dLFᴱ = effort force (N, lb)FL = load force (N, lb) (note that weight is a force)dL = distance from load force to fulcrum (m, ft)dᴱ = distance from effort force to fulcrum (m, ft) Approx how much force must be exerted to lift the box?67 lbs100 lbs250 lbs258 lbs ------ 67 lbsFᴱ dᴱ = FL dLFᴱ 30ft = 200lb * 10ftFᴱ 30ft = 2000lbftFᴱ = 2000lbft/30ftFᴱ = 66.6666666 or 67 lb Which wrench would require more force to turn a bolt?Wrench AWrench BNo DifferenceNone of the above ------ Wrench A In order to move the block five feet, how many feet of rope would have to be pulled?5101520 ------ 15 The number of cranks the crankshaft of a V-6 engine has is2468 ------ 66 pistons, 1 crank per piston Pulley A is the same size of Pulleys B and C, and twice the size of Pulley D. For each revolution made by Pulley C, how many revolutions will Pulley A make?onetwothreefour ------ twoaccording to the book, two. In order to lift a 100 lb load onto a dock five feet high, using only 25 lbs of force, how long of a ramp would have to be used?5 ft10 ft15 ft20 ft ------ 20 ft100 / 25 = 44 = required MA for an inclined plane4 * 5 feet high = 20 ft One horsepower is equal toa) 33,000 ft-pound work per minb) 150 lbs of force in an hourc) 950 psid) 17,500 ergs ------ a) 33,000 ft-pound work per min In the diagram, how many pulleys are turning in a clockwise direction?onetwothreefour ------ fouraccording to the book, 4 Wheel A has a diameter of 10 inches. Wheel B has a diameter of 25 inches. If both revolve at the same speed, which wheel will travel the most distance in the same amount of time?Wheel AWheel BSame distanceCannot determine ------ Wheel B How many gears are turning in a counterclockwise direction?twothreefourfive ------ three If Gear 1 has revolves twice, how times will Gear 2 revolve?1234 ------ 1The picture would have 2 gears, a small 10 tooth, and a large 20 tooth. In the figure, for each complete revolution of the cam, how many times will the valve open?1234 ------ 3 What is the area of a cylinder? ------ 2(π r²) + (2 π r)* h In the hydraulic system depicted, the cylinder on the left has a diameter of 2 inches and the cylinder on the right has a diameter of 6 inches. If 100 lbs of force was applied to the cylinder on the left, what force would be exerted on the cylinder on the right?300 lbs33.3 lbs900 lbs450 lbs ------ 900 lbs In the design, which tank(s) will overfill?Tank ATank BTank A and CTank B and C ------ Tank A and C Which of the following are not parts of a braking system of an automobile?discsmaster cylinderaxelwheels ------ axel On a braking system, the axel supports the wheel, but is not part of the braking system. The _________ provides hydraulic force to press discs (or pads) against wheels of a vehicle, making use of the force of the friction to slow (or stop) the wheels.discspadscalipersmaster cylinder ------ master cylinder When a machine magnifies force, it is referred to asmagnification factormechanical advantageleverage factorefficience factor ------ mechanical advantage A pitch isa) the distance between the threads of a screwb) the gap measurement of a spark plugc) the angle measurement of a simple leverd) one of the four basic measurements of force ------ a) the distance between the threads of a screw When an object is at equilibriuma) its velocity does not changeb) the object speeds upc) the object is at restd) the object changes direction ------ a) its velocity does not change Equilibrium isa) when at object is at restb) when 2 or more forces act to cancel the effects of each otherd) when the velocity speeds up ------ b) when 2 or more forces act to cancel the effects of each otherAn object at equilibrium may be at rest, but not necessarily so. An example of a simple machine isa door hingelight switchcan openerall of the above ------ all of the above When a helium-filled ballon rises, the force responsible isfrictionair pressurebuoyancygravity ------ air pressure In physics, power can be defined aswork/timeenergy/efficiencyleverage/massfriction/drag ------ work/time The force acting on an object dropped from a building isbuoyancyelastic recoilgravityequilibrium ------ gravity If you remove your foot from the gas pedal in ur car, it will slowly coast to a stop. The force which causes this isfrictiongravityvelocitymagnitude ------ friction If a driver wheel is present, the adjacent wheels will rotate according to how _________ to the center the driver wheel makes contact with them.closefar ------ closeThe closer to the center, the faster it will move. By increasing the length of the lever arm, the effort is increased, enabling a valve to blow off at a higher pressure. So if you...a) move the lever closer, this will cause the valve to blow up at a lower pressureb) move the lever farther, this will cause less effortc) move the weight towards the fulcrum, this will cause an increase on pressured) move the effort closer, this will cause the valve to blow up faster ------ b) moving the lever farther will cause less effortNOTE: ...and lets the valve blow up at a lower pressure What is the formula to find the volume of a sphere? ------ 4/3π r³ What is the formula to find the area of a sphere? ------ 4 π r² If two weights hang from two different strings attached to a bar, less pull is exerted by the weight of less weight.Which of the ff is true:a) the weight does not matterb) the length of the string does not matterc) the distance the weights have from the ground does not matter ------ b) the length of the string does not matter The deeper you go with an inflated ball, the more difficult it is to hold it underwater. So the buoyancya) will not change, no matter how deep you go into the waterb) will increase, depending on how deep you go into the waterc) will decrease, depending on how deep you go into the water ------ b) will increase, depending on how deep you go into the water Rate of heat exchange is _____ through objects of greater temperature differenceslowerthe same speed asfaster ------ faster Think about putting your thumb on the end of a hose makes the water spray.a) water flows faster through narrow areas that it does through widerb) the same amount of water will flow through the smaller and larger part of the hose at a given timec) all of the above ------ c) all of the above This kind of engine consists of an intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust.2 stroke4 stroke8 stroke ------ 4 stroke What is the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle? ------ radius of axel to handle divided by the radius of the drumradius(axel to handle)/radius(drum) Statics and EquilibriumFormula for a moment? ------ Force * distance ________ energy is stored in an object while _________ energy is energy in motion.Kinetic, PotentialPotential, KineticPressurized, Freeflow ------ Potential, Kinetic I = Q/TDefine I, Q, TCurrent, charge, timeVoltage, momentum, timeVoltage, charge, timeCurrent, force, time ------ Current, charge, time This device measures the current flow in a circuitAmmeterVoltmeterMultimeter ------ Ammeter This device measures does the job of both measuring the flow in a current and the voltageAmmeterVoltmeterMultimeter ------ Multimeter The formula for Power is ------ Power = volts * amperes Units for a charge iscoulomb, Campere, Avolts, Vwatts, W ------ coulomb, C Units for current flow arecoulomb, Campere, Avolts, Vwatts, W ------ ampere, A ViseMA = (2*pi*length of handle) divided by what? ------ pitch of thread Formula of Weight isMass * GravityGravity is equal to9.81 m/s²32.3 ft/s²22.1 mph ------ 9.81 m/s²All the other answers are off by 0.1 only.32.2 ft/s²22 mph The formula for Density is ------ Mass / Volume The formula for Relative Density is ------ Density / Density(Reference Material) If you add salt into a liquid, the solution has a lower freezing point. This is becausea) there is an increase in specific gravityb) there was a decrease of density in the reference materialc) the volume of the saltwater solution decreased ------ a) there is an increase in specific gravitySpecific gravity usually means relative density with respect to water. The increase in the density of the liquid compared to regular water or gas makes salwater "more solid." Heat alwaysdistributes between objectstravels from hot to cold ------ travels from hot to cold Compressing air in a closed place will decrease the volume and raise the temperaturea) Trueb) False, temperature will stay the same.c) False, volume will stay the same ------ True A square plate is hanging by 4 wires (one on each corner). One breaks, and it's hanging by only 3 wires now. a) each wire now carry the same amount of weightb) the 2 diagonally across from each other hold an equal amount that is more than the lone wire in one cornerc) the lone wire does not support. The 2 diagnoals carry the plate alone. ------ b) the 2 diagonally across from each other hold an equal amount that is more than the lone wire in one corner Will an airplane with engine and propeller take off on a treadmill or converyor belt, regardless of the run setting? ------ Will a glider (no engine or propeller) take off on a treadmill or converyor belt, regardless of the run setting? ------ A common example of a first-class lever isa seesawa wheelbarrowtongs ------ a seesaw The force F required to balance the weight of 60 lbs on the lever, shown in the diagram above, is most nearly210 lbs240 lbs672 lbs ------ 210 lbs The mechanical advantage shown is458 ------ 5 What effort must be exerted to the handles of the wheelbarrow shown carrying a load of 200 lbs (neglect the weight of the wheelbarrow in ur computation)?40 lbs50 lbs65 lbs ------ 50 lbs The bar, which is exactly 4 inches in length, has a 275 lbs weight on one end and a 125 lb weight on the opposite end. For the bar to balance, the distance from the 275 lb weight to the fulcrum point shd be (neglect the weight of the bar in ur computation)1 1/4 inches1 inch3/4 inches ------ 1 1/4 inches Neglecting friction, what is the mechanical advantage in using a single fixed pulley as shown ?123 ------ 1 In the figure shown, the pulley system consists of a fixed block and a moveable block. Neglecting friction and the weight of the pulley system, what effort would be needed to lift a 100 lb weight100 lbs75 lbs50 lbs ------ 50 lbs The weight W is to be raised as shown in the figure by attaching the pull rope to the truck. If the weight is to be raised 8 ft, the truck will have to move16 ft24 ft32 ft ------ 24 ft The formula for an inclinded plane isMA = L/HMA = mechanical advantageL = lengthH = ? ------ H = heightMA = L / HL = length A gradual slope will provide a ________ mechanical advantage than a steep slope.higherlower ------ higher In the figure shown, the service person is using a plank to roll a 300-pound barrel up to the bed of the truck. The force that must be applied is most nearly200 pounds150 pounds100 pounds ------ 100 pounds How do you find the mechanical advantage for a wheel and axel? ------ Diameter/Radius In the figure shown, a bucket is being raised by a wheel-and-axel arrangement. If the distance from the center of the axle to the handle is 8 inches and the diameter of the drum around which the rope is wound is 4 inches, the theoretical mechanical advantage is248 ------ 4 To make a 1/2" hole in a block of wood, use toolABC ------ B To cut a thread on a 1/2" brass rod, use toolABC ------ A The number 18 appearing on the tool shown above indicatesdepth of openingsize of openingthreads per inch ------ threads per inch Which of the 1½ volt dry cell battery connections shown above will deliver 6 volts?123 ------ 2 In the figure given, if the thickness of the wall of the pipe is ½", the inside diameter of the pipe is3"3 1/8"3 1/4" ------ 3" The figure above represents a revolving wheel. The numbers 1 and 2 indicate two fixed points on the wheel. The number 3 indicats the center of the wheel. Of the following, the most accurate statement is thata) point 1 makes more revolutins per minute than point 2b) point 2 makes more revolutions per minute than point 1c) points 1 and 2 make the same number of revolutions per minute ------ c) points 1 and 2 make the same number of revolutions per minute In the figure shown, if gear A makes 14 revolutions, gear B will make141721 ------ 21 With the wheels in the position shown in the figurea) wheels S and T will rotate in opposite directionb) wheels S and T will rotate in the same directionsc) wheels S and T will rotate at the same speed ------ b) wheels S and T will rotate in the same directions In order to open the valve four times every second, the wheel must rotate at12 rpm18 rpm24 rpm ------ 24 rpm4 times every second = 24010 rods on the wheel240/10 In the figure shown, a 160-lb individual jumps off an 800-lb raft to a point in the water 10 ft away. Theoretically, the raft will movea) 2 ft in the opposite directionb) 3 ft in the opposite directionc) 4 ft in the opposite direction ------ a) 2 ft in the opposite direction The figure shows a lever-type safety valve. It will blow off at a lower pressure if weight W isincreasedmoved to the leftmoved to the right ------ moved to the left As shown in the figure, four air reservoirs have been filled with air by the air compressor. If the main line air gauge reads 100 lbs, then the tank air gauge will read25 lbs50 lbs100 lbs ------ 100 lbs In the figure above, the number of complete turns the vise handle must make to fully close the jaws is14161820 ------ 18 In the figure shown, the center-to-center distance between the two poles is1 3/4"1 15/16"1 7/8" ------ 1 15/16" If an 8" level indicates 16 quarts of oil in the tank, then the number of quarts of oil to be added to raise the level from 6" to 8" is2 quarts4 quarts6 quarts ------ 4 quarts Which illustration depicts the compression stroke?XYZ ------ ZBoth valves are closed and the piston is moving upwards What is the proper sequence of the four strokes of a piston in a gasoline engineW X Y ZX Z Y WY Z X W ------ Y Z X W The gauge shown above is adepth gaugefeeler gaugethread gauge ------ thread gaugeThe thread or screw-pitch gauge is used to determine the pitch and number of threads per inch of threaded fasteners. The wrench shown is generally used whena) a definite force must be applied to a nut or bolt headb) a tight nut must be broken loosec) rapid turning of the nut or bolt is of prime importance ------ a definite force must be applied to a nut or bolt headThe torque is read visually on a dial mounted on the handle of the wrench. It is used when a definte force must be applied. Which of the figures shown is the proper procedure for pulling adjustable wrenches?ABBoth are proper procedures ------ AThe handle of the adjustable wrench should be pulled toward the side having the adjustable jaw. This will prevent the adjustable jaw from springing open and slipping off the nut. Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it.TrueFalse ------ True Newton's Law describes a relationship between an object's _______ and _______ as the applied force.pressure, densityweight, velocitymass, accelerationdensity, distance ------ mass, acceleration In Newton's Third Law, forcea) is neither created or destroyedb) if there is no opposing force, the motion will never stop.c) always elicits an equal, opposite force acting against itd) is the cause for intertiae) all of the above ------ c) always elicits an equal, opposite force acting against itWhenever a first body exerts a force F on a second body, the second body exerts a force −F on the first body. F and −F are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. A 150 lb man jumps off a 600 lb raft to a point in the water 12 ft away. Theoretially, the raft would movea) 12 ft in the opposite directionb) 9 ft in the opposite directionc) 6 ft in the opposite directiond) 3 ft in the opposite directione) 1 ft in the opposite direction ------ 3 ft in the opposite direction150 lb x 12 ft = 600 lb x ? ft The mechanical advantage of a lever can be increased bya) placing the fulcrum closer to the object being liftedb) moving the effort force upwards the lever closer to the object being liftedc) lengthening the lever arm or by the placement of the fulcrum (base)d) both a and ce) all of the above ------ d) both a and c A lever arm is in balance when the force x length of one side of a fulcrum is equal to the force x length on the other side of the fulcrum. With this info, test this concept:The force F needed to balance the lever is, in lbs, most nearly10 lbs14 lbs15 lbs18 lbs ------ 10 lbs Then tension of a string in figure A is greater than the tension of a single spring in Figure B. The spring tension of springs supporting an object individually spreads the load between the individual springs.10 lb weights are each suspended from a ceiling by 3 identical springs. In A, the extension of each spring isK) Nine times greater than in BL) Three times greater than in BM) The same as in BN) One-third less than in BO) One-ninth less than in B ------ L) Three times greater than in B Pulleys. Which of the following is always not true about a pulley.a) a pulley system will reduce the force required to lift an objectb) the mechanical advantage is proportional to the number of moveable and unmoveable pulleys in the systemc) a moveable pulley provides less advantage as a fixed pulleyd) both a and be) all of the above ------ e) all of the above What amount of force is required to move the weight (assume the supported objects all weight 100 lbs) in the pulley system? ------ 50lbs What amount of force is required to move the weight (assume the supported objects all weight 100 lbs) in the pulley system? ------ 33.3 lbs What amount of force is required to move the weight (assume the supported objects all weight 100 lbs) in the pulley system? ------ 25 lbs The immoveable one pulley system provides ___ the force to lift the object and will have a ratio of 1:11/212 ------ 1/2There is 1 rope. Divided evenly into 2, and no mechanical advantage, since the pulley is immoveable If the pulley is immoveable, what is the minimum force that must be applied to position 1 in order to raise the 20 lb weight at position 2 upwards 3 feet20 lbs over 2 ft10.1 lbs over 3 ft7.5 lbs over 3 ft ------ 10.1 lbs over 3 ft This is Boyles Law:a) Compressing a gas to 1/2 volume doubles the pressureb) If the pressure decreased by 1/2, the volume would doublec) Both A and Bd) None of the above ------ c) Both A and BActually, Boyle's law describes the inversely proportional relationship between the absolute pressure and volume of a gas, if the temperature is kept constant within a closed system. Charles' Law is whena) you heat some liquid, and the temperature changes, but the volume stays the sameb) you open a can of coke, and the soda starts fizzing outc) both a and bd) none of the above ------ b) you open a can of coke, and the soda starts fizzing outIf gas is held at a constant pressure, the volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. Bernoulli's Principal is whena) a good pitcher throws a curve ballb) you siphon a gas tankc) when the pressure increases, the velocity increasesd) both a and be) both b and cd) all of the above ------ d) both a and bBernoulli's princiapl states that as the velocity of a fluid increases, its pressure decreases. The higher the altitude, the more dense the air.TrueFalse ------ False The deeper an object is submerged, the more pressure is exerted upon it.TrueFalse ------ True Which of the statements about weight are true?a) Weight is the same closer to the earth's surface as would be in midairb) Weight is greater on planets with greater massc) Weight is consistent from location to locationd) Both A and Ce) All of the abovef) None of the above ------ b) Weight is greater on planets with greater massMass does not change and is not affected by gravity. Weight does, depending on the location. A and C would apply to Mass, but not weight. If Gear R is thedriver, at the moment shown, Gear S isP) not movingQ) jammedR) moving at its highest speedS) moving in the same direction as Gear RT) moving in the opposite direction as Gear R ------ T) moving in the opposite direction as Gear R If Gear A makes 14 revolutions, gear B will makeA) 9 revolutionsB) 14 revolutionsC) 17 revolutionsD) 21 revolutionsE) 25 revoltions ------ D) 21 revolutions _______ is the factor or ratio by which a mechanism multiplies the force or torque applied to it. ------ Mechanical AdvantageOutput force Input forceordistance w/c force is applied divided by distance over w/c a load is moved
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