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Anatomy And Physiology: Muscle
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Side A ------ Side B Skeletal muscle: Identify and give examples of where it is found ------ Multiple nuclei, striated, voluntary and involuntary (reflexes) control. Location: attached to bones Function: body movement Smooth muscle: Identify and give examples of where it is found ------ Spindle shaped, single nucleus that is centrally located. Location: walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, eyes, glands, and skin Function: Food movement through digestive tract ect. Cardiac muscle: Identify and give examples of where it is found ------ Striated, single centrally located nucleus. Function: pumps blood Location: Heart Orbicularis Oculi ------ closes eye Orbicularis Oris ------ Compresses and purses lips Zygomaticus Major ------ Retracts and elevates corners of the mouth Platysma ------ Tenses skin of neck, depresses mandible Frontalis ------ Raises eyebrows, wrinkles scalp Occipitalis ------ Tenses and retracts scalp Buccinator ------ Compresses cheeks Masseter ------ Elevates mandible Temporalis ------ Elevates mandible Medial Pterygoid ------ Moves mandible side to side Lateral Pterygoid ------ Moves mandible side to side Genioglossus ------ Depresses tongue Hyoglossus ------ Depresses tongue Styloglossus ------ Retracts tongue Sternocleidomastoid ------ Both together: flexion of neck, one: laterally bends neck to opposite side Origin: Sternum and Clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process Splenius Capitis ------ Both together: extension of the neck, one: rotate and laterally flex neck to same side Erector Spinae Group: Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and Spinalis ------ Extend Vertebral Column Quadratus Lumborum ------ Depress ribs or laterally flex spine Psoas Major ------ Hip flexion O: vertebra T12-L5 I: lesser trochanter femur Iliacus ------ Hip flexion O: Iliac fossa of ilium I: Lesser trochanter femur Diaphragm ------ Expands thoracic cavity and compresses abdominopelvic cavity Rectus Abdominis ------ Flexes trunk, compress abdomen External Oblique ------ Flex trunk, rotates trunk to opposite side, compresses abdomen Transverse Abdominis ------ Stabilizes spine, compress abdomen Internal Oblique ------ Flex trunk, rotates trunk to same side, compresses abdomen Levator Scapulae ------ Elevate scapula O: Cervical vertebra I: Scapula Pectoralis Minor ------ Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferior Rhomboid Major and Rhomboid Minor ------ Adducts scapula. O: vertebra (C7-T4) I: scapula Serratus Anterior ------ Protracts scapula Trapezius ------ Upper fibers elevate scapula, middle fibers retract scapula, lower fibers depress scapula O: Vertebra (C and T), occipital bone I: Scapula Deltoid ------ Abduction of shoulder (anterior fibers-flexion, posterior fibers- extension) O: Scapula and clavicle I: Deltoid tuberosity Coracobrachialis ------ Adduction and flexion of shoulder O: Coracoid process of scapula I: Humerus Pectoralis major ------ adduction, flexion, medial rotation shoulder O: ribs, sternum, and clavicle I: humerus Latissimus dorsi ------ Adduction, extension, medial rotation shoulder O: Spinal column and ilium I: anterior humerus Supraspinatus ------ Abduction shoulder. O: supraspinous fossa I: humerus Infraspinatus ------ Lateral rotation shoulder O: infraspinous fossa I: humerus Teres Minor ------ Lateral rotation shoulder O: scapula I: Humerus Subscapularis ------ Medial rotation shoulder O: subscapular fossa I: humerus Teres major ------ Adduction, extension, medial rotation shoulder O: scapula I: humerus Not part of rotator cuff Biceps brachii ------ Flexion and supination elbow, long head flexion shoulder also Long head O: scapula I: radius Short head O: coracoid process I: radial tuberosity Brachialis ------ Flexion elbow O: humerus I: ulna Brachioradialis ------ Flexion elbow Triceps Brachii ------ Extension elbow, long head extension shoulder also Long head O: scapula Medial and Lateral head O: Humerus All I: olecranon process Pronator Teres ------ Pronation forearm Flexor Carpi Radialis ------ Flexion wrist Palmaris Longus ------ Flexion wrist Flexor Carpi Ulnaris ------ Flexion wrist Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ------ Flexion wrist and proximal interphalangeal joints Flexor Digitorum Profundus ------ Flexion wrist and distal interphalangeal joints Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus ------ Extension wrist Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis ------ Extension wrist Extensor Digitorum ------ Extension wrist and fingers Extensor Digiti minimi ------ Extension finger 5 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris ------ Extension wrist Abductor Pollicis Longus ------ Abduction thumb Extensor Pollicis Brevis ------ Extension thumb Extensor Pollicis Longus ------ Extension thumb Supinator ------ Supinate forearm Gluteus Maximus ------ Extension, lateral rotation hip O: Iliac crest and sacrum I: Iliotibial tract Gluteus Medius ------ Abduction, medial rotation hip O: Ilium I: Greater Trochanter Gluteus Minimus ------ Abduction, medial rotation hip Piriformis ------ Lateral rotation hip Tensor Fasciae Latae ------ Flexion, medial rotation hip, stabilizes hip and knee O: Ilium I: Iliotibial tract Iliotibial tract ------ Not a muscle Adductor Magnus ------ Adduction hip Adductor Longus ------ Adduction hip Gracilis ------ Adduction hip, flexion knee O: pubis I: tibia Biceps Femoris ------ Flexion knee, extension hip Long head- O: Ischial tuberosity I: lateral tibia Short head- O: Femur I: Tibia Semimembranosus ------ Flexion knee, extension hip O: Ishial tuberosity I: medial tibia Semitendinosis ------ Flexion knee, extension hip O: Ishial Tuberosity I: Tibia Sartorius ------ Flexion knee, flexion hip O: Anterior superior iliac spine I: medial tibia Rectus Femoris ------ Extension knee, flexion hip O: Iliac spine I: Patella Vastus Intermeius Vastus Medialis Vastus Lateralis ------ Extension Knee O: Femur I: Patella Gastrocnemius ------ plantarflexion ankle O: condyles of femur I: Achilles tendon Soleus ------ plantarflexion ankle O: Tibia and fibula I: Achilles tendon Achilles tendon ------ Not a muscle Flexor digitorum longus ------ Flex toes 2-5 Tibialis posterior ------ Plantarflexion ankle Flexor hallucis longus ------ Flexion great toe (Hallux) Popliteus ------ flexion at knee Fibularis Longus Fibularis Brevis ------ Eversion ankle/foot Tibialis anterior ------ dorsiflexion ankle O: tibia I: 1st metatarsal and cuneiform Extensor Digitorum Longus ------ extension toes 2-5 Extensor Hallucis Longus ------ Extension great toe (hallux)
Side A ------ Side B Skeletal muscle: Identify and give examples of where it is found ------ Multiple nuclei, striated, voluntary and involuntary (reflexes) control. Location: attached to bones Function: body movement Smooth muscle: Identify and give examples of where it is found ------ Spindle shaped, single nucleus that is centrally located. Location: walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, eyes, glands, and skin Function: Food movement through digestive tract ect. Cardiac muscle: Identify and give examples of where it is found ------ Striated, single centrally located nucleus. Function: pumps blood Location: Heart Orbicularis Oculi ------ closes eye Orbicularis Oris ------ Compresses and purses lips Zygomaticus Major ------ Retracts and elevates corners of the mouth Platysma ------ Tenses skin of neck, depresses mandible Frontalis ------ Raises eyebrows, wrinkles scalp Occipitalis ------ Tenses and retracts scalp Buccinator ------ Compresses cheeks Masseter ------ Elevates mandible Temporalis ------ Elevates mandible Medial Pterygoid ------ Moves mandible side to side Lateral Pterygoid ------ Moves mandible side to side Genioglossus ------ Depresses tongue Hyoglossus ------ Depresses tongue Styloglossus ------ Retracts tongue Sternocleidomastoid ------ Both together: flexion of neck, one: laterally bends neck to opposite side Origin: Sternum and Clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process Splenius Capitis ------ Both together: extension of the neck, one: rotate and laterally flex neck to same side Erector Spinae Group: Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and Spinalis ------ Extend Vertebral Column Quadratus Lumborum ------ Depress ribs or laterally flex spine Psoas Major ------ Hip flexion O: vertebra T12-L5 I: lesser trochanter femur Iliacus ------ Hip flexion O: Iliac fossa of ilium I: Lesser trochanter femur Diaphragm ------ Expands thoracic cavity and compresses abdominopelvic cavity Rectus Abdominis ------ Flexes trunk, compress abdomen External Oblique ------ Flex trunk, rotates trunk to opposite side, compresses abdomen Transverse Abdominis ------ Stabilizes spine, compress abdomen Internal Oblique ------ Flex trunk, rotates trunk to same side, compresses abdomen Levator Scapulae ------ Elevate scapula O: Cervical vertebra I: Scapula Pectoralis Minor ------ Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferior Rhomboid Major and Rhomboid Minor ------ Adducts scapula. O: vertebra (C7-T4) I: scapula Serratus Anterior ------ Protracts scapula Trapezius ------ Upper fibers elevate scapula, middle fibers retract scapula, lower fibers depress scapula O: Vertebra (C and T), occipital bone I: Scapula Deltoid ------ Abduction of shoulder (anterior fibers-flexion, posterior fibers- extension) O: Scapula and clavicle I: Deltoid tuberosity Coracobrachialis ------ Adduction and flexion of shoulder O: Coracoid process of scapula I: Humerus Pectoralis major ------ adduction, flexion, medial rotation shoulder O: ribs, sternum, and clavicle I: humerus Latissimus dorsi ------ Adduction, extension, medial rotation shoulder O: Spinal column and ilium I: anterior humerus Supraspinatus ------ Abduction shoulder. O: supraspinous fossa I: humerus Infraspinatus ------ Lateral rotation shoulder O: infraspinous fossa I: humerus Teres Minor ------ Lateral rotation shoulder O: scapula I: Humerus Subscapularis ------ Medial rotation shoulder O: subscapular fossa I: humerus Teres major ------ Adduction, extension, medial rotation shoulder O: scapula I: humerus Not part of rotator cuff Biceps brachii ------ Flexion and supination elbow, long head flexion shoulder also Long head O: scapula I: radius Short head O: coracoid process I: radial tuberosity Brachialis ------ Flexion elbow O: humerus I: ulna Brachioradialis ------ Flexion elbow Triceps Brachii ------ Extension elbow, long head extension shoulder also Long head O: scapula Medial and Lateral head O: Humerus All I: olecranon process Pronator Teres ------ Pronation forearm Flexor Carpi Radialis ------ Flexion wrist Palmaris Longus ------ Flexion wrist Flexor Carpi Ulnaris ------ Flexion wrist Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ------ Flexion wrist and proximal interphalangeal joints Flexor Digitorum Profundus ------ Flexion wrist and distal interphalangeal joints Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus ------ Extension wrist Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis ------ Extension wrist Extensor Digitorum ------ Extension wrist and fingers Extensor Digiti minimi ------ Extension finger 5 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris ------ Extension wrist Abductor Pollicis Longus ------ Abduction thumb Extensor Pollicis Brevis ------ Extension thumb Extensor Pollicis Longus ------ Extension thumb Supinator ------ Supinate forearm Gluteus Maximus ------ Extension, lateral rotation hip O: Iliac crest and sacrum I: Iliotibial tract Gluteus Medius ------ Abduction, medial rotation hip O: Ilium I: Greater Trochanter Gluteus Minimus ------ Abduction, medial rotation hip Piriformis ------ Lateral rotation hip Tensor Fasciae Latae ------ Flexion, medial rotation hip, stabilizes hip and knee O: Ilium I: Iliotibial tract Iliotibial tract ------ Not a muscle Adductor Magnus ------ Adduction hip Adductor Longus ------ Adduction hip Gracilis ------ Adduction hip, flexion knee O: pubis I: tibia Biceps Femoris ------ Flexion knee, extension hip Long head- O: Ischial tuberosity I: lateral tibia Short head- O: Femur I: Tibia Semimembranosus ------ Flexion knee, extension hip O: Ishial tuberosity I: medial tibia Semitendinosis ------ Flexion knee, extension hip O: Ishial Tuberosity I: Tibia Sartorius ------ Flexion knee, flexion hip O: Anterior superior iliac spine I: medial tibia Rectus Femoris ------ Extension knee, flexion hip O: Iliac spine I: Patella Vastus Intermeius Vastus Medialis Vastus Lateralis ------ Extension Knee O: Femur I: Patella Gastrocnemius ------ plantarflexion ankle O: condyles of femur I: Achilles tendon Soleus ------ plantarflexion ankle O: Tibia and fibula I: Achilles tendon Achilles tendon ------ Not a muscle Flexor digitorum longus ------ Flex toes 2-5 Tibialis posterior ------ Plantarflexion ankle Flexor hallucis longus ------ Flexion great toe (Hallux) Popliteus ------ flexion at knee Fibularis Longus Fibularis Brevis ------ Eversion ankle/foot Tibialis anterior ------ dorsiflexion ankle O: tibia I: 1st metatarsal and cuneiform Extensor Digitorum Longus ------ extension toes 2-5 Extensor Hallucis Longus ------ Extension great toe (hallux)
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