World War I - Freshman Year (9th Grade)

militarism the policy of gloryfying military power & keeping an army prepared for war Triple Alliance an alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy Kaiser Wilhelm ruler of Germany, & forced Bismarck to resign Triple Entente Didn't bind Britain to fight with Russia but it did almost certainly ensue that Britain wouldn't go against them What were 3 forces @ work that helped set the stage for war. 1 force was the growth of nationalism, or a deep devotion to ones country. 2- imperialsim. 3-militarism What event help set in motion WWI? The killing of the heir to the Austro- Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife by the Black Hand Central Powers? Germany & austria- Hungary. Known as this because of their location in Europe. Bulgaria & Ottoman Empire Allies? Great Britain, France, and Russia. Joining later would be Japan, Italy, and eventually the U.S. Western Front A deadlock Region in northern France..... Fighting zone on the Franco- Germany Border Schlieffen Plan Germany's plan to attack France , then Russia because they were slow Trench Warfare parrallel trenches to protect themeselves from enemy. Soldiers fought each other from these trenches Eastern Front was a stretch of battlefield along the German & Russian border ( and part of Austria- Hungary) What were some of the conditions that soldiers in trenches had to face? Characteristics? Life in trenches was pure misery. Mud was everywhere, rats swarmed, and fresh food was nonexistent. sleep was nearly impossible. You lived in Filth. What factors contributed to Russia's war difficulties? Russia was not yet an industrialized country. The army was continually short on food, guns, ammunition, clothes, boots, and blankets. Uunrestricted submarine warefare policy German's made: their submarines would sink w/o warning any ship in the waters around britain total war countries devote all their rescources to the war effort rationing system: people could buy only small amounts of those items that were also needed for the war effort propaganda governments used one-sided info designed to persude, to keep up moral and support for the war armistice Germany and France met, sighned this, an agreement to stop fighting What was a factor that prompted The U.S. to join the war w/ the allies Geman's sunk a ship that had U.S. citizens on it What role did woment play in the war? Women replaced men in factories, offices, and shops what was the significance of the Second Battle of Marne The Central Powers began to crumble. It prompted armistice. September 1914 Alliies stopped Germans from entering France How many miles of Trenches? 500 miles Germans tried to get _______, France Verdun, though Verdun was saved year 1915 Allies plannes to pull germans apart (military wise) countries make alliances because... -because of common enemy -religion -economic ties -neighbors -pick the better of 2 evils disadvantages and advanteges of an alliance -safety -stronger economy -confusing -forced to be with others you may not like Causes of war -industialization ~weapons better ~created a feeling of superiority -Imperial Tensions ~Europe competed 4 colonies -Militatism -System of alliances othere peoples torn by ethnic tensions The Slavic Woodrow Wilson Part of the Bif 4- represented U.S> Georges Clemenceau Part of big 4 - represented France Fourteen Points Series of peace proposels. they outlined a plan for achieving a just and lasting peace... written by W. Wilson self-determination guiding idea for 14 points, this meant allowing people to decide for themselves under what government they wished to live Treaty of Versailles between Germany and the Allied powers League of Nations Treaty of V. created this. The league was to be an international association whose goal would be to keep peace among nations What was the "war guilt" clause in the Traty of V. ? Article 231, it placed sole responsibility for the war on germany's shoulders When and who people atacked 1st to last Austria - Hungary atacked serbia Russia attacked Austria Hungary Germany attacked France, then Russia because they were slow Great Britain attacked Germany Fronts- Western Front Eastern Front Balkan Front Italian Front New Weopons -Machine Gun -Artillery (got better than in past) -Weopons of the Industrial age ~75 types of poison gas bombs ~flame throwers' ~tanks ~airplanes U.s. declared war on germany in 1917 The U.s wasnt for german win because The u.s. economically waged much money on britain winning that if germany won the u.s. stock market would crash Russia withdraws from war because due to related shortages of food and fuel # of dead and wounded after war 8.5 million died 21 milliion wounded Allies who had most deaths from 1st to last 1-Russian Empire 2-France 3-British empire 4-italy 5-serbia 6-romania 7-U.S. (2%) 8- Others (Japan, Canada...) Central power deaths? 1-germany 2Austriahungary 3-Ottoman Empire 4-Bulgaria some of the 14 points -league of nations -no secret treaties -lessen military/navy -end colonialism -freedom of the seas -reduction of trade barriers among nations -main point was to just let everything be- why did france, italy, and britain not like 14 points france pissed because the war was fought in france nand wanted to make germany pay. italy didnt get more land. britain wanted to keep colonies britain and france lost the most and felt that they had the right to determine peace agreemant Why did Italy and U.S. leave first? (in treaty of V.) italy didnt get what they wanted u.s. leftwith no peace of justice (didnt get what they wanted) what was the treaty of v do attempted to humiliate and cripple germany wanted security against future german aggression. name 5 points of treaty -no navy -army with no mare than 100,000 soldiers -return land to france -guilt clause -league of nations how did the traty affect germany damaged germany economically, militarily, and hurt their pride. fueled another world war, allowed crazies like hitler to rise what happend to europe after war? changed countries borders, new countries pop up did the u.s. sighn the treaty no