Social Deviance Test 1

Norm rule for appropriate behavior Role behavior expected of certain status/ position types of sanctions formal: fine, jail, expulsion, etc informal: ridicule, gossip Neg: punishment Pos: reward 3 forms of norms mores: govern serious behavior folkways: norms govern mundane conduct Laws: written and enforced by gov Social Order carried out by rules and norms NECESSARY for equilibrium in social relations an idealized concept, NEVER acheived Characteristics of a norm 1)associated with roles 2) taught through socialization 3) accompanied by sanctions 4) tend to reflect cultures values 5)take a variety of forms consequences of social order too much leads to more probs no social order = chaos 3 types of variations in deviant behavior - temporal -cultural -situtaional 4 ways to conceptualize deviance 1) absolutist definiton 2) Statistical definition 3) normative conception 4) Reactivist Conception Absolutist Definition certain actions qualify as deviant bc they have always been defined that way (Bible, Koran, etc) Statistical Definition behavior that is rare or strays from statistical average leads to confusion bc logically the minority is always considered deviant Normative Conception "old conception" deviant behavior violates a norm prob: there are so many norms, everyone can be considered deviant Reactivist Conception "new conception". deviant behavior is labeled that way. act = not important REACTION = important Probs: doesnt consider why, ignores norms Moral Entrepreneurs interest groups promote personal set of moral values in attempt to control social life Argument in Defining Deviance Down- DP Moynihan moral standards have been altered to accommodate amount of deviance overtime. More things have become "less serious". *Durkheim and Kai Erikson Durkheim's ideas about crime crime = normal phenomenon "society of saints" collective conscience Collective Conscience totality of beliefs and sentiments common to average citizens of same society -common morality Kai Erikson's Wayward Puritan study Mass. Bay Colony- "witches" group only has so many resources to deal w/ deviants and tries to reserve those resources study of deviance in the academic community.. lower prestige field areas because 1) not clearly defined/vast topic 2) deviance - kinda bizarre (not always serious) 3)difficult to collect data 4) nuts, slut, and perverts 5) deviant - possible stigma benefits and disadvantages of qualitative method pros: deeper understanding, observe subtle comm, looks for meaning cons: hard to interview deviants, etc Strain theory Robert Merton- deviant behavior repsonse to structural conditions (nurture) goals-means gap 5 adaptations 5 adaptations to anomie 1) conformity 2) innonvation 3) Ritualism 4) Retreatism 5) Rebellion Conformity conventional goals and means INNOVATION accept goals, reject means Ritualism going through motion by means, no goals in sight Retreatism reject goals and means REbellion alternative set of goals and means SOcial Learnin theory (integrated theory) deviance is LEARNED in context of primary groups 3 components R2 = .48 (ron AKERS) 3 components of social learning theory differntial association differential reinforcement definitions differential association socialized by grop of ppl who engage in deviance (techniques and mind set) differential reinforcement balance of actual and anticipated rewards social (praise) and no -social (effects of drugs/alcohol) definitions attitudes and meanings that a person attatches to behavior acceptable/ unacceptable conflict theory (richard quinney) class struggles occur in capitalist society 2 types of deviance (crimes): 1)crimes of domination and oppression 2)crimes of resistance and accommodation crimes of domination and oppression committed by capatalists to keep superiority crimes of resistance and accomodation offenses committed by working class as reaction to oppression labeling theory (Howard Becker) nothing is inherent ppl are labeled deviant 3 neg consequences primary and secondary deviance 3 neg consequences of being labeled 1) restricted opportunities 2) Damaged Intrerpersonal relationships 3) Diminished self-concept primary deviance original norm violations. considered undetected by others. detection can start labeling process secondary deviance committed as a result of the labeling process "career deviance" Social Bond Theory "control theory" (Travis Hirschi) R2 = .14 natural inclination to engage in deviant acts 4 elements 4 elements of social bond theory Attatchment - (works with young) school, family, church Commitment- (legit) (long-term) stakes in conformity Involvement- (any given day) conventional activities Belief- acceptance of societal rules Akers criteria for judging a theory 1.personal beliefs 2. empirical validity 3. scope (R2) 4. parsimony (how clear) 5. testability functions of deviance 1. strengthen the group (reactions) 2. highlights normss 3. catalyst for change 4. entertainment medicalaization of deviance deviance = medical problem. Bad -> Sick. ex's: addictive behavior, eating disorder, ADHD/ADD, psychiatric, severe PMS Assumptions of medical model caused by physical/ biological defect qualitative difference btwn deviants and normals need treatment diagnosed by symptoms advantage of medical model humanitarian benefits less condemnation of deviants disadvnatages of medical model 1) expert domination (medical social control) 2)individualizing social problems/ alleviates personal responsibilities) 3) political abuse 4) not an adversarial system Thomas Szasz myth of mental illness causes lableling its a psychosocial deviation not a disease The Rosenhan Study fake patients admitted into mental hospital "hearing voices" results: all but 1 admitted. nobody notices normal. average stay = 19days. released with schizophrenia in remission criticisms of Rosenhan study "logic in remission" hearing voices called for no other action but to admit them