Explain Usage Of Distillers Grains In Beef Cattle Diets Flashcards

what is an excellent source of most vitamins. liver ____ is high in distiller grains and cause toxicity problems when distillers are fed at high levels in the diet. sulfur what is the maximum tolerable sulfur level for most ruminant diets? 0.16 - 0.24% a vitamin __ , calcium or phosporous deficiency can have similar symptoms. D animals exposed to the sun wll have reduced ___ requirements. vitamin D wheat products may improve ___ absorption due to their ___ activity and is more beneficial for monogastrics compared to ruminant animals. phosphorous, phytase a phosphorous deficiency that cause animals to eat almost any hard object is called: Pica grass tetany is commonly associated with excess potassium in the forage. true pansteatitis in cats results from a ___ deficiency. vitamin E vitamin ___ is required for the enlargement of the foramen through which the optic nerve passes. A polioencephalomalcia is associated with a ____ deficiency and excess ___ in ruminants. thiamine, sulfur the vitamin required for the synthesis of FAD is: riboflavin the mineral that combines with hydroxyapatite to form a harder crystal is: flouride selenium intake can have a major effect on the ____ requirement. vitamin E why is anemia a symptom of copper deficiency? because copper is needed to get iron into a form that can be incorporated into hemoglobin in red blood cells. polioencephalomalcia will cause animals to what? hold their head in an odd position (star gazing) what animal would be least susceptible to copper toxicity? a growing pig if animals consume raw fish products or bracken fern, the amount of thiamine required in the diet would: increase Jersey cattle are ___ susceptible to copper toxicity than Holsteins. more thumps is a sign on ___ deficiency. iron iodine and selenium are required for the synthesis of: thyroxine moldy sweet clover disease is likely to respond to ___ injections. vitamin K a magnesium chloride enema will help prevent: grass tetany the "animal protein factor" is: vitamin B12 what is the mineral deficiency that causes parakeratosis in pigs? zinc vitamin D2 is equal to D3 in all species except: poultry what vitamin helps to prevent oxidation in cell membranes? vitamin E & C goiter is a sign of ___ deficiency. iodine brassica family plants in the diet can ____ the iodine requirement of livestock. increase aluminum concentrations in the brain are associated with: Alzheimers disease weed killers, insecticides, and green-treated wood could contribute to the ___ intake of livestock. arsenic cadmium is one of the most toxic elements because: it has a long half-life in the body lead can be absorbed through: the respiratory tracts, digestive tract and skin what is the most common nutrient deficiency in the human population? iron deficiency vitamin D is similar to what? why? hormones, because of similar structure and function in the body the intrinsic factor is required for the absorption of: vitamin B12 calcium, sodium, magnesium, and potassium are all macro-mineral ___. cations what is an especially important route of mineral excretion during heat stress? sweat generally, high-forage diets will be ___ in calcium. high the body uses ___ as a calcium and phosphorous storage house. bone magnesium oxide is included in the mineral supplement to prevent: grass tetany the calcium deficiency that affects a large number of post-menopausal women in the U.S. is: osteoporosis a folic acid deficiency in humans cna increase the incidence of: soina bifida the FDA regulates how much ____ is added to diets. selenium the farm animal most susceptible to iron deficiency is: baby pig night blindness is often the first sign of a ___ deficiency. vitamin A iodine supplementation is usually provided through: iodized salt the selenium toxicity disease in cattle is called: blind staggers what are the signs of a vitamin D deficiency? rickets & osteomalacia vitamin ____ will reduce the amount of time required for blood to clot. K in humans, a vitamin C deficiency can cause: scurvy vitamin C in water-soluble and is required in the diets of what animals? humans, primates, and guinea pigs. also poultry if they are under heat stress retinol is a ____ vitamin. fat-soluble the mineral that is a key component of vitamin B12 is: cobalt curled toe paralysis is a common sign of ___ in poultry. riboflavin another name for vitamin B6 is: pyridoxine black tongue disease in dogs is cause by a ___ deficiency and has similar symptoms to ____ in people. niacin, pellagra the vitamin that is part of the structure of coenzyme A is: pantothenic acid the strongest noncovalent bond in nature is between avidin and: biotin the only mineral for which animals exhibit "nutritional wisdom" is: sodium what animals have little or no need for inorganic sulfur in their diet? non-ruminants the main reason some breeds of dairy cows give milk with a yellow tint is because: it contains more carotene than breeds that give a more pure white milk salt is added ot most diets to meet the ___ requirement sodium certain breeds of ___ have an inherited disorder that reduces B12 absorption. given an example. dogs, giant schnauzer vitamin A toxicosis in the ___ is known as deforming cervical spondylosis. cat the vitamin sometimes referred to as ascorbic acid is: C an "International Unit" as applied to vitamins is: the smallest unit that can be measured as biological activity alpha tocopherol is the common form of vitamin: E beta carotene is converted to vitamin: A 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol is the active form of vitamin: D menadione is one form of vitamin: K ____ concentration in sheep diets affects the level of copper required to cause copper toxicity. molybdenum more than any other class of nutrients, _____ interact so that the level of one affects the requirement of another. minerals _____ vitamins can be given as an injection because large doses are stored in the body. fat-soluble what two things can cause grass tetany? excess potassium and magnesium deficiency what animal is most susceptible to copper toxicity? sheep what can excess calcium cause? parakeratosis in pigs because the calcium competes with zinc and causes the pig to be zinc deficient what vitamin is stored in the body for the shortest time? C because it is water-soluble how long in the half-life of cadmium in the body? 20-30 years the ____,___,____ and ___ are all required for the active form of vitamin D to have its effect. skin, liver, kidney, small intestine usually high concentrations of B vitamins in the ____ would be indicative of excess B vitamins in the diet. urine, because B vitamins are water-soluble excess fat-soluble vitamins would be found in the: feces for monogastric animals, methionine and cystine are a source of _____. sulfur in general, B12 supplements are not added to ____ diets. ruminant what is the most common form of vitamin A? retinol what is another name for vitamin D? sunshine vitamin list the vitamins in order from longest storage in the body to shortest storage in the body. A, D, E, K, B & C what fat-soluble vitamin is stored in the body for the shortest time? K vitamin A is necessary for ___ function in males and females. reproductive vitamin A deficiency causes atrophy of the ____ and reduces _____. adrenal gland, immune response what is the basic building block to form vitamin D? cholesterol vitamin E deficiency symptoms: mulberry heart disease (pigs), stiff lamb disease, white muscle disease (calf) Vitamin E is one of the ____ toxic vitamins. least what vitamin K dependent coagulation protein usually causes problems if K deficient? factor II what is the active form of B6? pyridoxal phosphate what are the three general biochemical functions of vitamin B6? amino acid metabolism, seritonin, epinepherine and norepinephrine what are the biochemical functions of folic acid? carrier of one-carbon methyl groups, purine synthesis, and initation of translation deficiency of folic acid results in: reduced biosynthesis of DNA & RNA and reduced cell division what B vitamin is required in the smallest amount? B12 what is the largest and most complex water-soluble vitamin? B12 choline is commonly supplemented in diets for: rapidly growing animals deficiency of choline causes ____ in poultry. slipped tendon what are the general functions of essential minerals? skeletal structure, maintain osmotic pressure, regulation of acid-base balance of all the forages, which one is an especially good source of calcium? alfalfa what is the most common deficiency problem in farm animals? calcium deficiency for monogastrics, you have to look at ____ phosphorous. bioavailable, ruminants use phosphorous the best grass tetany is usually found in what conditions? spring, cold & wet conditions, lactating cows providing plenty of ____ will help prevent grass tetany. salt functions of sodium: osmotic balance, transmission of nerve impulses selenium deficiency symptoms: white muscle disease, edema, suppressed immune system, impaired reproduction thyroid gland contains ___% of the iodine in the body. 50 at least 90 different enzymes require ___ as a cofactor. zinc what is the main issue with lead toxicity? the animal will be affected within 48 hours so its harder to treat. vitamin A concentrations are ___ in most farm animal diets. unstable change in hair color is a sign of ___ deficiency. copper a ____ soluble form of vitamin K is used as a supplement in most animal diets. water the vitamin that may be important for people who live north of a line from Boston to Los Angeles is: D the mineral associated with skin health: zinc