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immigration |
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to enter a county in which one was not born for the purpose of becoming a permanent resident |
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curriculum |
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a sequence of courses offered by educational institutions |
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values |
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qualities or principles that are considered desirable and important |
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cultures |
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socially transmitted ways of thinking, believing, feeling, and acting within a group. These patterns are transmitted from one generation to the next |
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multicultural education |
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An educational concept that addresses cultural diversity and equity in schools. It incorporates the different cultural groups to which individuals belong, with an emphasis on the interaction of race, ethnicity, class, and gender in students' lives. |
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equality |
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State of being equal in that one cultural group is not inferior or superior to another and that all groups have access to the same benefits of society regardless of their group memberships |
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social justice |
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A philosophy that expects citizens to provide for those persons in society who are not as advantaged as others |
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sexism |
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The conscious or unconscious belief that men are superior to women that results in behavior and action to maintain the superior, powerful position of males in society and families |
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racism |
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Belief that one race has inherent superiority over all others and thereby has the right to dominate |
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cultural capital |
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Endowments such as academic competence, language competence, and wealth that provide an advantage to an individual, family, or group |
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compensatory education |
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The provision of special services to students who have limited economic or educational advantages with a goal of reducing the educational gap between them and more advantaged students |
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socialization |
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Process of learning the social norms and expectations of a culture |
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critical thinking |
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An effort to see an issue clearly and truly to judge it fairly without a preset bias |
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proficiencies |
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Knowledge, skills, and dispositions that students or teacher acquire to meet standards |
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enculturation |
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Process of acquiring the characteristics of a given culture and becoming competent in its language and ways of behaving and learning |
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ethnocentrism |
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View that one's cultural group is superior to all others |
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subsocieties |
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Systems of values, attitudes, and behaviors of social groups within society. examples are gangs,groupies, and skinheads |
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Subcultures |
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Subsocieties connected to cultural groups memberships such as gender, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, religion, exceptionalities, language, and age |
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cultural borders |
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A boundary based on cultural differences that may limit an individuals understanding of persons form a different cultural background |
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Assimilation |
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Process by which groups adopt or change the dominant culture |
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Informal Curriculum |
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Rules that guide the expected behaviors and attitudes of students in schools |
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Bicultural |
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A person who is competent in two cultures and educational programs that recognize the value and worth of both the dominant culture and the culture of a student's family, enhancing the development or maintenance of a positive self-image |
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otherness |
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Cultural groups that are different from our own |
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individualism |
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Dominant feature of Western culture that stresses the rights, freedom, and importance of individuals over groups |
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freedom |
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Not being unduly hampered or constrained in choice or action by others |
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privileged |
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Individuals or groups whose socioeconomic status, race, native language, gender, or other group memberships give them advantages and power over others in society. |
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canon |
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The principles, rules, standards, values, or norms that guide a Western European education |
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marginalization |
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Relegation to a position that is nor part o the mainstream nor accepted by most people |
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alienation |
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Estrangement or disconnected from oneself or others |
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acculturation |
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Adoption of the dominant group's cultural patterns by a new or oppressed group |
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structural assimilation |
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Assimilation of groups to the point that they share primary relationships, intermarry, and have equality within the dominant group |
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involuntary immigrants |
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Immigrants who did not choose to emigrate from their native countries, but were forced to or conquered by the country in which they are living |
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cultural pluralism |
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The maintenance of cultures as parallel and equal to the dominant culture in a society |
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democracy |
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A government in which power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through elected representatives. |
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egalitarianism |
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A belief in social, political, and economic rights and privileges for all people |
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meritocracy |
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A system based on the belief that an individuals achievements are based on their own personal merits and hard work and that the people who achieve at the highest levels deserve the greatest social and financial rewards |
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inequality |
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Marked distinctions in economic success, educational achievement, educational credentials, and power among groups of people |
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social justice |
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A philosophy that expects citizens to provide for those persons in society who are not as advantaged as others |
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prejudice |
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Negative attitudes about a group of people |
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discrimination |
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The arbitrary denial of the privileges and rewards of society to members of a group |
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stereotyped |
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Application of generalizations, many of which are negative, about a group without consideration of individual differences within the group |
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ethnic groups |
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Membership based on one's national origin or the national origin or one's ancestors when they immigrated to the United States |
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indigenous |
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Population that is native to a country or region. In the United States, American Indians, Hawaiians, and Alaska Natives are these populations |
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emigrated |
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To leave one's native country to relocate in another country |
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civil rights |
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The rights of personal liberty guaranteed by the 13th and 14th amendments to the US Constitution and by acts of Congress |
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nativism |
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Policy favoring assimilated ethnic groups over more recent immigrants |
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nationalism |
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National identity based on common language, common culture, and loyalty and devotion to a nation |
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asylees |
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Individuals who travel to the US from another country to ask for asylum or protection from being persecuted in their native country |
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refugees |
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Persons recognized by the US government as being persecuted or legitimately bearing persecution in their home country because of race, religion, nationality, or membership in a specific social or political group |
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cultural capital |
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Endowments such as academic competence, language competence, and wealth that provide an advantage to an individual, family, or group |
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JIm Crow Laws |
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Legal restrictions preventing persons of color from sharing public accommodations with whites |
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Title IX |
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Legislation passed by Congress in 1972 to provide females with equal access to all aspects of education |
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De Jure Segregation |
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The separation of groups of people that has been mandated by city, state, or federal government policies |
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De Facto Segregation |
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The separation of groups that occurs as people choose to live in different neighborhoods or participate in different clubs and social groups |
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Endogamy |
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Marriage within the same ethnic, cultural, or religious group |
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Caste |
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A distinction imposed at birth to justify the inequitable social distribution or power and privilege on a group |
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Nordic Race |
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Germanic people of northern Europe who are white with a tall stature, long head, light skin and hair, and blue eyes |
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Miscegenation |
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Marriage between persons of different races |
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Acting White |
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A label used by some people to describe persons of the same race who take on behaviors, values, and attitudes of the dominant white culture |
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Stereotypes |
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Exaggerated and usually biased views of a group |
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Color Blindness |
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Claim that one does not see a person's race and treats everyone equally regardless of race |
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Afrocentric Curriculum |
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Curriculum centered on or derived from African history, culture, and traditions |
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Multiethnic Curriculum |
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A course of studies that reflects accurate and positive information about the history, experiences, contributions, and perspectives of the ethnic groups that comprise the US population |
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Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) |
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A minimum level of improvements - measurable in terms of student performance - that school districts and schools must achieve within specific time frames specified in the law No Child Left Behind |
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