Using the fingers, combs, and waving lotion to shape and direct the hair into S-shaped waves is called: |
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finger waving
Finger waving is a way of styling hair that teaches the technique of moving and directing hair. |
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During finger waving, waving lotion is applied to the hair to keep it; |
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pliable
When the hair is pliable, it is easier to work with and to keep in place during the procedure. |
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A good finger waving lotion: |
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does not flake when dry
A good waving lotion is designed to keep the hair in place but should dry without flaking. |
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You should apply finger waving lotion: |
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to one side of the head at a time
This prevents it from drying and requiring additional applications. |
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Using the fingers to pinch or push ridges in a finger wave creates: |
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overdirection of the ridge
Attempting to increase the height or depth of a ridge by pinching or pushing will create overdirection. |
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Pin curls are made up of three principal parts; base, stem, and: |
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circle
The circle is the part of the pin curl that forms a complete circle. |
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In a pin curl, the part between the base and first arc (turn) of the circle is the: |
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stem
The stem gives the circle its direction and mobility. |
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The nonmoving part of the pin curl, closest to the scalp, is the: |
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base
The base is the stationary, or immovable, foundation of the curl, closest to the scalp. |
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The pin curl stem position that produces a tight, firm, long-lasting curl is the: |
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no-stem curl
The no-stem curl is placed directly on the base of the curl and produces a tight, firm curl. |
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The pin curl stem position that gives the greatest curl mobility is the: |
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full-stem curl
The curl is placed completely off the base and gives as much freedom as the length of the stem will permit. |
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Before you form pin curls, you first mold a section of hair called the: |
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shaping
Shapings are either forward end or closed end. |
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Pin curls with open centers produce: |
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uniform curls
Open center curls also produce even, smooth waves. |
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If a fluffy curl is desired, use: |
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closed center curls
Closed center curls are good for fine hair or fluffy curls. |
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Of the four pin curl foundations or bases, the most commonly used base is the: |
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arc base
Arc base pin curls, also known as half-moon or C-shape base curls, are carved out of a shaping. |
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One factor in the formation of pin curls that does not affect the finished curl is the: |
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shape of the base
Different bases are
recommended for different parts of the head, but the finished curl is
not affected by the shape of the base itself. |
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Triangular base pin curls are recommended along the front or facial hairline to: |
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prevent splits in the finished style
The triangular base allows a portion of the hair from each curl to overlap the next and comb into a uniform wave without splits. |
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For curly hairstyles without much volume or lift, use pin curls with: |
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square bases
Square base pin curls can be used on any part of the head and will comb out with lasting results. |
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Forcing the hair between the thumb and the back of the comb to create tension is called: |
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ribboning
Ribboning can be
also be done by pulling the strands while applying pressure between
your thumb and index finger toward the ends of the strand. |
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Slicing pin curls from a shaping and forming them without lifting the hair creates: |
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carved curls
Carved curls are also called sculptured curls. |
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When a pin curl is correctly anchored or secured: |
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the clip enters at the open end
Always anchor pin curls starting at the open end of the curl, opposite the stem. |
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To form a wave behind a ridge, use: |
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ridge curls
Ridge curls are pin curls placed immediately behind of below a ridge to form a wave. |
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When you form two rows of ridge curls, especially on the side of the head, you create: |
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a strong wave pattern
This pattern is called skip waves, with well-defined lines between the waves. |
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If you want to create height in the hairstyle with pin curls, use: |
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cascade curls
Cascade or stand-up curls are fastened to the head in a standing position to allow the hair to flow upward and then downward. |
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Barrel curls, which are similar to rollers, are fastened to the head on a: |
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rectangular base
A barrel curl is similar to a roller, which is also set on a rectangular base. |
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One of the advantages of rollers is that each roller holds the equivalent of: |
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two to four stand-up curls
Because a roller holds the equivalent of two to four stand-up curls, it is a much faster way to set the hair. |
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Rollers are used to create many of the same effects as stand-up pin curls, but they: |
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give a stronger set
Because the hair is wrapped around the roller with tension, the set is stronger and longer-lasting. |
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A roller curl is positioned on a panel of hair called the: |
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base
The base should be the same length and width as the roller. |
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The part of a roller curl between the scalp and the first turn of the roller is the: |
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stem
The stem gives the hair direction and mobility. |
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The size of a roller wave or curl is determined by the: |
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circle or curl
The circle, or curl, is the hair that is wrapped around the roller. |
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Winding the hair around the roller 1-1/2 times creates: |
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a wave
To create a wave, the roller should be the right size for the hair to roll around it 1-1/2 times. |
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If a C shape is desired, the hair should be wound around the roller: |
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One turn
One complete turn produces a C shape. |
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The size of the roller and ________ determine the volume of the finished hairstyle. |
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how it sits on its base
The larger the roller, the greater the volume. The more directly the roller sits on its base, the greater the volume. |
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Fitting a roller curl directly on its base produces: |
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full volume
The roller should sit directly on its base for full volume. |
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The type of roller placement that produces the least amount of volume is the: |
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off-base method
An off-base curl, in which the roller sits behind the base, produces the least volume. |
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If rollers are loose because they are not properly secured, the result will be: |
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a weak set
A loose roller loses its tension, leading to a weak set. |
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Hot rollers and Velcro rollers are different from other types of rollers in that they are used: |
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only on dry hair
Both these types of rollers are used on dry hair and stay on the hair for only 5 to 10 minutes. |
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One of the purposes of back-combing and back-brushing is to: |
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remove roller indentations
These comb-out techniques help smooth out the indentations left by rollers. |
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The terms teasing, ratting, matting, and French lacing all mean: |
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back-combing
The technique known by all these names is one of the best means to achieve lift and increase volume. |
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Another name for the technique called ruffing is: |
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back-brushing
Ruffing, or
back-brushing, is used to build a soft cushion or to mesh two or more
curl patterns together for a uniform and smooth comb-out. |
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To keep curly or extremely curly hair smooth and straight, use the technique called: |
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hair wrapping
Hair wrapping is similar to roller setting using very large rollers, but the head itself is used as the "roller." |
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When blow-drying, to direct the air stream to any section of the hair more intensely, use the: |
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concentrator
The nozzle attachment, or concentrator, is a directional feature. |
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The blow-dryer attachment called the diffuser causes air to flow: |
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more softly
The diffuser helps to accentuate or keep textural definition. |
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Always make sure that the air intake at the back of a blow-dryer is kept: |
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clear
If it is covered and air cannot pass through freely, the dryer element could burn out. |
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Comb teeth that are closely spaced: |
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create a smooth surface
Closely spaced teeth remove definition from the curl, thus creating a smooth surface. |
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The classic styling brush features excellent airflow through the brush and a: |
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half-rounded rubber base
This brush also has smooth, round-ended nylon quills, usually in 7 or 9 rows. |
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The oval brush that has natural bristles or quills of bristle and nylon mix is the: |
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grooming brush
The boar bristles
distribute scalp oils throughout the hair shaft, giving it shine, and
the nylon bristles stimulate blood circulation to the scalp. |
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When used in conjunction with a blow-dryer, smaller round brushes: |
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add more curl
Because of their small size, the hair can be wrapped around them more times to create more curl. |
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A styling product that is light and airy and resembles shaving foam is: |
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mousse
Mousse, or foam, builds moderate body and volume into the hair. |
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The hairstyling product that is used most widely is: |
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hair spray
Hair spray is used to hold a hairstyle in position. |
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A styling product that causes strands to join together, showing separation in the hair, is: |
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pomade or wax
Used on dry hair, pomade or wax makes the hair easy to mold. |
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When blow-drying the hair, always remember to direct the blow-dryer: |
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from scalp to ends
The hot air should
flow in the direction in which the hair is wound; improper technique
will rough up the cuticle and give the hair a frizzy appearance. |
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You may find it difficult to style an updo with hair that has been: |
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freshly washed
Freshly washed hair can be very slippery and difficult to work with; washing it the previous day is often recommended. |
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Thermal waving is also called: |
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marcel waving
Marcel Grateau, a
Frenchman, developed the technique of using thermal irons for waving
and curling in 1875, and we still call it marcel waving today. |
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Thermal waving and curling are performed using thermal irons and special techniques on: |
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dry hair
Thermal irons are always used on dry hair. |
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When thermal curling and waving, use thermal irons made of the best quality: |
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steel
High-quality steel holds the heat evenly during the waving and curling process. |
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Marcel irons, also called conventional thermal irons, are: |
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stove-heated
Conventional or marcel irons are heated in a special stove. |
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Pressed hair should not be treated with electric vaporizing irons, which can make the hair: |
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return to its natural curly state
The moisture in vaporizing irons can cause the hair to return to its natural, extremely curly state. |
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When thermal curling or thermal waving white, lightened, or tinted hair, it is advisable: |
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to use lukewarm thermal irons
Do not use hot thermal irons on white, lightened, or tinted hair. |
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There are two parts in the styling portion of a thermal iron, the rod and the: |
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shell
The rod rests in the shell when the irons are closed. |
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There is no one correct temperature for the irons when thermal waving or curling, because it depends on the: |
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texture of the hair
Temperature setting depends on whether the hair is fine or coarse, lightened or tinted, or white. |
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After heating the irons to the desired temperature, test them on: |
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a piece of tissue paper
Clamp the irons over the tissue and hold for 5 seconds. If the paper scorches or turns brown, the irons are too hot. |
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The comb used with thermal irons should ideally be made of: |
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hard rubber
Hard rubber is nonflammable, which is important when you're working with hot irons. |
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Thermal irons are manipulated with a rolling movement of the: |
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fingers
Only the fingers are used as you roll the handles in either direction. |
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A type of thermal curl used to give the hair ends a finished appearance is: |
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end curls
Hair ends can be turned under or over, as desired, for a finished look. |
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Hanging curls are created with thermal irons in a method called: |
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spiral curls
Hanging curls are suitable for medium to long hairstyles. |
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A finished hairstyle can be given ________ by using volume thermal iron curls. |
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lift
Volume thermal iron curls create various degrees of lift or volume in a finished hairstyle, depending on the type of curl used. |
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A volume-base thermal curl is held at a 135-degree angle, rolled in the usual manner, and placed: |
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forward and high on its base
Volume-base thermal curls provide maximum lift and volume. |
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The type of thermal curl known as full-base curls provides: |
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a strong curl with full volume
This curl is placed firmly in the center of its base. |
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To form half-base curls, hold the hair at a: |
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90-degree angle
Half-base curls provide a strong curl with moderate lift or volume. |
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A thermal curl option with only slight lift or volume is provided by the: |
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off-base curl
The off-base thermal curl is held at a 70-degree angle as it is wrapped over the rod, then placed completely off its base. |
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A good thermal curl or wave is ensured when the hair is: |
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clean
The hair should be clean and completely dry to ensure a good thermal curl or wave. |
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One guideline for thermal curling or waving is to avoid fishhooks, which are caused when the: |
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hair ends protrude from the irons
The hair ends should always be curled along with the rest of the strand; otherwise they become bent or folded into fishhooks. |
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Hair pressing is a popular and profitable service that: |
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temporarily straightens hair
Hair pressing temporarily straightens extremely curly or unruly hair. |
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Hair pressing generally lasts: |
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until the next shampoo
Hair pressing is a temporary procedure that lasts until the hair is next shampooed. |
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Hair pressing can be done in three ways; the soft press, hard press, and: |
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medium press
The medium press
removes about 60% to 75% of the curl and is accomplished by applying
the thermal pressing comb once on each side of the hair with pressure. |
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Of the three types of hair pressing, the one that removes the least amount of curl is the: |
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soft press
The soft press,
which removes 50% to 60% of the curl, is accomplished by applying the
thermal pressing comb once on each side of the hair. |
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When pressing the hair, a factor that must be taken into account when setting the temperature of the comb is the hair's: |
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texture
Different textures require different temperatures. Coarse hair or wiry, curly hair requires more heat; fine hair requires less. |
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The hair type that presents the least difficulty during pressing is: |
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medium curly hair
Medium curly hair is the normal type cosmetologists deal with in the salon. It is the least resistant to hair pressing. |
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The least heat and pressure are used when pressing hair that is: |
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fine
Fine hair generally
has only 2 layers, the cortex and the cuticle. To avoid breakage, less
heat and pressure should be applied than for the other textures. |
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The type of hair pressing in which a heated comb is applied twice on each side of the hair is called a: |
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hard press
A hard press removes 100% of the curl. It can also be done by passing a hot curling iron through the hair first (double press). |
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Hair strands that are burned during pressing: |
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cannot be conditioned
Once the hair is burned, it cannot be returned to a healthy state even with conditioning treatments. |
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Coarse hair requires more heat during pressing because it: |
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has the greatest diameter
Because of its great diameter, coarse hair requires more heat and pressure during pressing. |
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When pressing fine hair, you can avoid breakage by using: |
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less heat and pressure
Because fine hair usually has only two layers, the cortex and cuticle, it requires more careful handling. |
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Pressing gray, tinted, or lightened hair with excessive heat may: |
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discolor the hair
Excessive heat on tinted, lightened, or gray (unpigmented) hair may cause discoloration or breakage. |
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Pressing dry, brittle hair without conditioning treatments beforehand may lead to: |
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hair breakage
Hair that has been neglected or damaged is in a weakened state and may not tolerate the heat and pressure of a hair pressing. |
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When pressing, one way to avoid the smoking or burning of the hair is to use: |
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less pressing oil
Too much pressing oil can cause the hair to smoke or burn. |
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A variation of the hard press in which a hot curling iron is passed through the hair before the pressing comb is called: |
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a double press
A double press is a
kind of hard press, except that the first application of heat is done
with a hot curling iron and the second with a pressing comb. |
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Clients whose hair has been pressed may come to the salon between shampoos for: |
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touch-ups
Touch-ups may be necessary if the hair becomes curly again due to perspiration, dampness, or other conditions. |
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Wiry, curly hair is: |
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is difficult to press
Wiry, curly hair
feels stiff, hard, and glassy. Because of the compact construction of
the cuticle cells, it is very resistant to hair pressing. |
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To prepare the hair for pressing, divide it into: |
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Four sections
The hair should be divided into four main sections, then subdivided into 1" to 1-1/2" partings. |
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Your analysis of the client's scalp will tell you if it is normal, flexible, or: |
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tight
A tight scalp can
be made more flexible by the systematic use of scalp massage, hair
brushing, and direct high-frequency current. |
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The kind of hair pressing in which the pressing comb is applied once on each side of the hair is called a: |
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soft press
A soft press removes about 50% to 60% of the curl. |
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Both regular and electric pressing combs should be made of good-quality steel or: |
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brass
Brass and steel hold the heat evenly and are the best materials for a pressing comb. |
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The part of the comb that does the actual hair pressing or straightening is the: |
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back rod
As you draw the
pressing comb through the hair, you make a quick turn so that the hair
wraps itself partly around the comb, and the back rod does the pressing. |
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Depending on the stylist, the application of pressing oil may be done before or after the hair is: |
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thoroughly dried
Some stylists apply pressing oil before the hair is dried with a blow-dryer or hood dryer; other stylists do it afterwards. |
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Effective conditioning treatments include special cosmetic preparations for the hair and scalp, thorough brushing, and: |
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scalp massage
A scalp massage makes the scalp more flexible and helps achieve better results from hair pressing. |
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To remove carbon and give the comb a smooth and shiny appearance, immerse the metal portion in a solution of: |
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hot baking soda
Immersion in a hot
baking soda solution is done after cleaning the comb with an emery
board, fine steel-wool pad, or fine sandpaper. |
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One problem that may be caused by too much hair pressing is: |
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breaking and shortening of the hair
If the hair is pressed too frequently, it becomes weaker and may break and shorten. |
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To remove carbon from a pressing comb, rub it with: |
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an emery board
The carbon can be removed with an emery board, fine steel-wool pad, or fine sandpaper. |
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When pressing shorter hair at the back of the neck and on the temples, do not use: |
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high heat
On shorter hair a hot comb can cause accidental burns on the skin. |
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