Cosmetology: Explain The Basic Concept Of Hair Care Flashcards

When you shampoo a client's hair, your primary purpose is to: cleanse the hair and scalp The scalp and hair need to be cleansed prior to receiving most salon services. Shampoo selection requires assessing the: condition of the client's hair There are various hair and scalp conditions that need to be taken into consideration. pH levels are a measure of: whether a solution is acid or alkaline Acid solutions have pH from 0 to 6.9, and alkaline solutions have a pH from 7.1 to 14. Shampoos called "pH-balanced" are: more acidic Low-pH or acidic products are good for any hair--especially treated hair. The purification process for fresh water is done by: sedimentation and filtration Sedimentation causes matter to sink to the bottom, and filtration removes suspended material. Water is called soft or hard depending on the: amount of minerals present The degree of hardness or softness depends on the kinds and amounts of minerals present in the water. Shampoo's main ingredient is: purified water Water is usually the first ingredient listed. Surfactants are effective because of: the surfactant molecule The attraction between the hydrophilic "head" and the lipophilic "tail" creates a push-pull process that causes oils, dirt, and deposits to emulsify. The molecular process in surfactants works by: lifting off oils and dirt into the water The surfactant molecules' push-pull effect causes deposits to roll up into balls that lift off and can be rinsed off. The hair care product that accounts for the highest dollar expenditure is: shampoo Consumer studies show that the most vigorous growth is found in shampoos retailed through salons. In hair products that are acid-balanced, the pH is: between 4.5 and 5.5 A shampoo can become acid-balanced by the addition of citric, lactic, or phosphoric acid. Conditioning shampoos help the hair with ingredients that restore moisture and elasticity and: add volume Protein and biotin are two agents that boost conditioning shampoos. In some cases, very strong, medicated shampoos: must sit on the scalp for a longer period These shampoos contain special chemicals or drugs that are effective in reducing dandruff and other scalp conditions. The acidic ingredients used in clarifying shampoos: cut through product buildup Ingredients such as cider vinegar cut through product buildup that can flatten hair. In some cases dry or powder shampoos are advisable, such as: for elderly clients An elderly client may experience some discomfort at the shampoo bowl due to pressure on the back of the neck, making a dry shampoo advisable. The combination of a surfactant base with basic colors is the formula for: color-enhancing shampoo These shampoos are similar to temporary color rinses and give slight color changes. For hair that feels dry or damaged, a temporary remedy is: conditioner Conditioners are special chemical agents that deposit protein or moisturizer to restore strength and body. Controlling factors in the hair's texture and structure are: heredity, health, and diet Conditioners are valuable, however, because they can minimize the damage to hair during cosmetology services. The products known as rinse-through finishing rinses are used for: detangling hair after washing These cream rinses are rinsed out after they are worked through the hair for detangling. Deep, penetrating conditioners are left on the hair for: 10-20 minutes These treatments restore protein and moisture Among the ingredients of conditioners are: humectants These are moisture-binding substances that absorb moisture and promote the retention of moisture. The outermost layer of the hair is the cuticle and is made up of: overlapping scales A healthy cuticle lies down smoothly and reflects light. After an alkaline chemical treatment, instant conditioners are used to: restore pH balance The acidic pH of instant conditioners balances the alkalinity of a chemical service A conditioning agent called scalp astringent lotion is used to: remove oil accumulation Scalp astringent lotions are used after a scalp treatment and before styling. Included in the formulation of moisturizers are quaternary ammonium compounds, which: attach to hair fibers Quats attach themselves steadfastly to hair fibers and provide longer-lasting protection than instant conditioners. The product that will increase hair diameter slightly is a: protein conditioner Protein conditioners increase hair diameter with a coating action, adding body to the hair. The purpose of concentrated protein conditioners is to: penetrate the cortex These conditioners are designed to pass through the cuticle, penetrate the cortex, and replace keratin that has been lost. The use of a concentrated protein conditioner adds the following qualities except: improved quality of new hair growth Conditioners cannot change the quality of new hair growth. Use deep conditioning treatments when ________ is needed. equal moisturizing and protein treatment Deep conditioning treatments, also called hair masks or conditioning packs, penetrate the cuticle layer. In order to prevent damage from blow-drying and electric rollers, use: spray-on thermal protectors These conditioning agents are applied to hair prior to thermal services. A dry scalp may be helped by a: scalp conditioner Scalp conditioners, usually in a cream base, are used to soften and improve the health of the scalp. All the following products are recommended for clients with fine, straight hair except: moisturizing shampoo Moisturizing shampoo is generally too heavy for fine hair. All the following products are recommended for dry, damaged hair except: acid-balanced shampoo Acid-balanced shampoo is recommended for medium hair. In addition to stimulating blood circulation to the scalp, correct hair brushing also helps: remove dust, dirt, and spray buildup Brushing also gives hair added shine. Do not brush the hair before giving a: chemical service Brushing the hair may irritate the scalp, which must be avoided before a chemical service. The best hairbrush for cleaning and adding luster to the hair has: natural bristles These have tiny overlapping layers that clean and add luster. To brush hair most effectively: part it into sections Brush each section the full length of the hair shaft three times, then move on to the next section. To provide scalp stimulation, use: massage The two requisites for a healthy scalp are cleanliness and stimulation. To be successful at scalp massage it's important to: know the location of blood vessels Knowing the muscles, the location of the blood vessels, and the nerve points of the scalp and neck guides you to the areas most likely to benefit. All of the following are scalp manipulation techniques except: rapid eye movement Rapid eye movements are part of sleep patterns. When shampooing, always remember to: keep your shoulders back Avoid slumping over the client. When performing a shampoo, all the following items are routinely used except: an infrared lamp An infrared lamp is used when performing scalp treatments. When preparing to shampoo a client, it's important to: examine the client's hair and scalp This helps determine the appropriate shampoo and conditioner. During a shampoo service, always consider: the water temperature Consider the client's preference and always test on your wrist. When manipulating the scalp during a shampoo, use firm pressure if: the client has healthy hair and scalp Manipulation increases blood circulation to the scalp. The next step in the shampoo procedure after applying small quantities of shampoo is to: manipulate the scalp Work your way over the scalp to manipulate the entire scalp. At the end of the shampoo, the cleanup and sanitation process includes: disinfecting combs and brushes Leave them in the disinfectant for the required time. The next step after the hair is shampooed and rinsed is to: apply a conditioner Conditioner is applied and combed through the hair with a wide-tooth comb. Once conditioner has been applied: gently comb it through the hair Use a wide-tooth comb to evenly distribute conditioner through the hair. It may be necessary, when applying a deep conditioning treatment, to: place the client under a heated dryer Some conditioners recommend heat for optimal results. Chemically treated hair, after shampooing, has a tendency to: tangle Chemically treated hair also tends to be drier and more fragile. Shampooing, brushing and scalp massage are appropriate for: hairstyling It is appropriate to shampoo, brush, and massage before styling. If dry shampoo is called for, apply it: directly onto the hair Generally you apply the powder directly to the hair from scalp to ends. Before shampooing clients who are wheelchair bound, always: ask their preferences Disabled clients can tell you best what is most comfortable for them; always keep their comfort and safety in mind. A general scalp treatment is important for: keeping the scalp clean and healthy Recommend a scalp treatment only after performing a scalp examination. During a normal hair and scalp treatment, all the following steps are recommended except: vigorously brushing the scalp Brush the hair for five minutes but do not irritate the scalp with vigorous brushing. It is appropriate to perform a dry hair and scalp treatment for: a deficiency of natural oil Select scalp preparations containing moisturizing and emollient ingredients. For a dry hair and scalp treatment, a useful appliance is: a scalp steamer The scalp steamer resembles a hooded dryer. Increasing blood circulation by kneading the scalp helps to: normalize overactive sebaceous glands Any hardened sebum in the pores of the scalp is removed by the correct degree of pressing or squeezing. An effective therapy during dandruff treatment is: high-frequency current A high-frequency current increases blood circulation to the scalp.