What Are Different Kind Of Joints Flashcards

articulations joints where two bones interconnect List the 4 classifications of joints. 1. Range of motion 2. Synarthrosis 3. Amphiarthrosis 4. Diarthrosis or synovial joint Synarthrosis immovable joints Type of synarthritic joints. Sutures, gomphosis (teeth), synchondrosis (bones tightly fused with cartilage), synostosis (bones fused with bones) Amphiarthrosis slightly moveable (amphi - both, amphibians, slightly land and water) Types of amphiarthritic joints Syndesmosis (bones joined by ligament) and symphysis (pubic symphysis) Diarthrosis freely moveable joints Type of diarthritic joint Synovial joint (shoulder, phalanges) Diarthrosis constains ________ fluid, which fills the joint. synovial = Synovial joint is a type of diarthritic joint, so diarthrosis contains synovial fluid Excess synovial fluid is calls what? water on the knee Three types of "axial" diarthritic joints monaxial, biaxial, triaxial - mon, bi, and tri describe the number of planes they move on Synovial fluid resembles interstitial fluid, thick, viscous solution Functions of synovial fluid Lubrication, nutrient distribution, shock absorption Accessory structures of joint meniscus, fat pads, ligaments, tendons Factors that stabilize joints (discussion question) The greater the range of motion of a joint, the weaker it becomes; Strongest joints permit no movement Factors responsible FOR stablizing joints (discussion question) 1. Presence of collagen fibers 2. The shapes of the articulating surfaces 3. The presence of other bones 4. Tension in tendons Patterns of stabilizing structures varies amoung joints Elbow, dislocation, subluxation Dislocation displacement of a body part Subluxation a partial dislocation or misalignment Flexion bending, decrease angle Extension extending, straightening, increase angle Hyperextension the extension of a part of the body beyond normal limits - tendons or ligaments can tear Adduction (DD) To draw inward toward the median axis of the body or toward an adjacent part or limb (ADD inward) Abduction (BD) To draw away from the midline of the body or from an adjacent part or limb (AB away) Circumduction Spin around - The circular movement of a limb such that the distal end of the limb delineates an arc Supination rotation of the hand or forearm so that the palmar surface is facing upward (SUP=UP) Protation rotation of the hand or forearm so that the surface of the palm is facing downward or toward the back Injury to ligaments Sprain (g - p) = hyperextended, torn ligament Injury to muscles and tendons Strain (St - tendons) = microtears Eversion a turning or being turned outward or inside out (eversion of eyelid) Inversion the turning inward of a part, as the foot Dorsiflexion flexion toward the back; especially : flexion of the foot in an upward direction Plantar flexion movement of the foot that flexes the foot or toes downward toward the sole Opposition A characteristic movement of the primate thumb, in which the pad of the thumb can be placed in contact with the pads of the fingers of the same hand (opposable thumb) Retraction an act or instance of retracting (draw back or in); specifically : backward or inward movement of an organ or part (retractable claws) Protraction the act of moving an anatomical part forward : the state of being protracted; especially : protrusion of the jaws Depression a displacement downward or inward Elevation move or raise to a higher place or position; lift up (shoulders) Lateral flexion Flexion in the direction away from, or farther from, a midline (tilt head side to side) List the classifications of synovial joints Gliding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoidal, saddle, ball and socket Gliding joint Movement: slight nonaxial or multiaxial Ex.: Acromioclavicular and claviculosternal joints/ Vertebrocostal joints Hinge joint Movement: Monaxial Ex: Elbow, knee, ankle, interphalangeal joints Pivot joint Movement: monaxial (rotation) Ex: atlas/axis, proximal radioulnar joint Ellipsoidal joint Movement: biaxial Ex: radiocarpal joint Saddle joint Movement: biaxial Ex: First carpometacarpal joint Ball and socket joint Movement: triaxial Ex: shoulder and hip joint Intervertebral articulation Articulations between superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae are gliding joints What are the movements that can occur across the intervertebral joints of the vertebral column? Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation Which joint permits the greatest range of motion? Shoulder joint (ball and socket joint) Describe the elbow joint. Complex hinge joint, works like a door hinge Why is the elbow joint stable? 1. Bony surfaces of the humerus and ulna interlock 2. Articular capsule is very thick 3. Capsule is reinforced by strong ligaments Describe the hip joint. 1. Sturdy ball and socket joint 2. Capable of flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction, and rotation 3. Very stable joint Describe the knee joint. 1. Transfers weight from the femur to the tibia 2. Hinge joint 3. Permits flexion, extension, and limited rotation Rheumatism (Aging and articulations) any disorder of the extremities or back, characterized by pain and stiffness Arthritis (Aging and articulations) acute or chronic inflammation of a joint, often accompanied by pain and structural changes and having diverse causes, as infection, or injury Osteoarthritis (Aging and articulations) the most common form of arthritis, marked by chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints leading to pain, stiffness, and swelling Rheumatoid arthritis (Aging and articulations) a chronic autoimmune DISEASE characterized by inflammation of the joints, frequently accompanied by marked deformities Gouty arthritis (Aging and articulations) a painful inflammation of the big toe and foot caused by defects in uric acid metabolism meniscus a disk of cartilage between the articulating ends of the bones in a joint