Flashcards Table on Roman Art Chapter 7 Flashcards

The Republican Period

The Republic was founded in 509 B.C.E, but most of the works that have survived from that period date from about 200 BCE-27 BCE

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Temple of Portunus, Rome, c. 80 B.C.E, stone

Italic style: stands on a podium and engaged lateral columns emphasize the frontal approach

-the Ionic columns have the slender proportions of Classical Greek temples as well as the white marble stucco, which deliberately evoked the translucent marbles used by Greek architects

-the practice of borrowing Greek forms began early in the Roman Republic

-was constructed by a Greek architect, Hermodorus

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Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, early 1^st century

-sanctuary to the goddess Fortuna Primigenia

-oracular center where priests interpreted divine will by drawing lots

-seven levels each with different purposes

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Augustus of Primaporta, 20 CE; ROMAN (The Early Empire)

Augustus was emperor during the Early Empire

-Roman portrait sculpture turned from the earlier veristic style of the Republic to a more classicizing style associated with ancient Greece

-until his death, portraits of Augustus depict him as an ageless youth

-both the contrapposto stance and the smooth features of his face are strongly reminiscent of Doryphoros from the Greek Classical Age

-shows the tendency in Roman art to express a message through references to earlier works (Cupid, dolphin, breastplate) - by associating Augustus with historical or divine figures, these references projected an image of earthly and divinely ordained power, thereby elevating the emperor above other politicians

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Scenes of Dionysiac Mystery Cult. Second style wall painting from the Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii; 60-50 BCE; ROMAN

-second style painters sought to open up the flat expanse of the wall by including architectural features and figures - in this painting, parts of it are painted to resemble exotic stone -furthermore, figures interact as if on a narrow ledge set against a deep red background, articulated by upright strips of black resembling stylized columns

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Fourth Style wall painting, Ixion Room, House of the Vettii, Pompeii; 63-79 CE; ROMAN

fourth style painting = most intricate of the four, uniting aspects of all three preceding styles to create an extravagant effect

-combines imitation marble paneling, framed mythological scenes resembling panel pictures set into the wall, and fantastic architectural vistas receding into space

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Colosseum, Rome; 72-80 CE

-permanent amphitheater in Rome for the gladiatorial games

-every second opening was an entrance

-genius planning (especially in regards to getting people in and out)

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Arch of Titus, Rome, 81 CE; ROMAN

-stands at the far eastern end of the Roman Forum

-earliest surviving free-standing arch in Rome

-could have been a triumphal monument but it is more likely that it commemorates Titus' divinization after his death

-reliefs located inside the bay

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Relief in bay of Arch of Titus, showing procession of spoils from the Temple in Jerusalem, 81 CE; ROMAN

-the panel marks an important move toward illusionism in the portrayal of space - two ranks of figures appear, carved in different levels of relief; background figures seem to fade into the distance; seems to continue beyond a viewer's line of sight because the procession breaks away abruptly at the sides

-illusion of SPACIAL DEPTH

-panel even bulges out slightly in the center -- so that it seems to turn right in front of a viewer situated inside the arch's bay, making the viewer a part of the action

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Relief in bay of Arch of Titus, showing Titus riding in triumph, 81 CE?; ROMAN

-differing levels of relief

-horses appear in profile but chariot is frontal - giving the illusion that the procession is coming towards the viewer before turning sharply -- not realistic but artist wanted to show that there were 4 horses

-Vespasian's absence shows how Roman visual narratives are not always historically accurate depictions of events --> they are made to express a version of events that serves the patron's ideology

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Column of Trajan, Rome. 106-113 CE; ROMAN

-exploration of space and narrative

-there is a 656-foot continuous narrative relief that winds around the column -- celebrating the emperor's victorious campaigns against the Dacians

-combats rarely occur in the many scenes of the relief -- the geographic, logistic, and political aspects of the campaign receive more attention

-still part of the classicizing phase of Roman sculpture

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Portrait of Livia, 14 CE, marble

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Portrait of Vespasian, c. 75 CE

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Portrait of Domitia Longina, 90 C.E., marble