Plasma Membrane |
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Des: Outer layer of the cell; composed mainly of lipids and proteins.
Fx: Encloses the cell; regulates what enters and exits, participates in activities such as growth, reproduction, and interactions between cells. |
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Microvilli |
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Des: Short extensions of the cell membrane
Fx: Contains the chromosomes, the hereditary units that direct all cellular activities. |
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Nucleus |
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Des: Large, dark-staining organelle near the center of the cell, composed of DNA and proteins
Fx: Contains chromosomes, the hereditary units that direct all cellular activities. |
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Nucleolus |
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Des: Small body in the nucleus; composed of RNA, DNA, and protein.
Fx: Makes ribosomes |
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Cytoplasm |
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Des: Colloidal suspension that fills the cell from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane
Fx: Site of many cellular activities; consists of cytosol and organelles. |
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Cytosol |
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Des: The fluid portion of cytoplasm
Fx: Surrounds the organelles. |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Des: Network of membranes within the cytoplasm. Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it. Smooth ER does not.
Fx: Rough ER sorts proteins and forms them into more complex compounds; smooth ER is involved with lipid synthesis. |
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Ribosomes |
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Des: Small bodies free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER; composed of RNA and proteins.
Fx: Manufactures proteins. |
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Mitochondria |
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Des: Large organelles with folded membranes inside.
Fx: Convert energy from nutrients to ATP. |
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Golgi Apparatus |
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Des: Layers of membranes
Fx: Makes compounds containing proteins; sorts and prepares these compounds for transport to other parts of the cell or out of the cell. |
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Lysosomes |
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Des: Small sacs of digestive enzymes
Fx: Digest substances within the cell |
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Peroxisomes |
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Des: Membrane-enclosed organelles containing enzymes.
Fx: Break down harmful substances. |
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Vesicles |
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Des: Small membrane-bound sacs in the cytoplasm.
Fx: Store materials and move materials into or out of the cell in bulk. |
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Centrioles |
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Des: Rod-shaped bodies (usually two) near the nucleus.
Fx: Help separate the chromosomes during cell division. |
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Surface Projections |
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Des: Structures that extend from the cell.
Fx: Move the cell or the fluids around the cell. |
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Cilia |
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Des: Short, hairlike projections from the cell.
Fx: Move the fluids around the cell. |
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Flagellum |
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Des: Long, whiplike extension from the cell.
Fx: Moves the cell. |
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