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What is transformation? |
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Process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria. |
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What is bacteriophage? |
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Virus that infects bacteria. |
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What is a nucleotide? |
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a unit that makes up a long molecule of DNA. |
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What is base pairing? |
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A principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine. |
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What is Chromatin? |
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Tightly packed substance consisting of DNA. |
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What is histone? |
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Protein that is inside of DNA. |
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What is replication? |
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When a cell divides itself and then duplicates its DNA. |
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What is DNA polymearse? |
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The principle enzyme involved in DNA replication. |
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What is a gene? |
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coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within the cell. |
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What is messenger RNA? |
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The RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions. |
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What is ribosomal RNA? |
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Location in which the construction of a protein occurs. |
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What is transfer RNA? |
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RNA that transfers each amino acid to the ribosome as it is specified by the messages in mRNA. |
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What is transcription? |
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The process in which RNA molecules are produced. |
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What is RNA polymearse? |
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An enzyme required for transcription to take place. |
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What is a promotor? |
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Regions of DNA that enzymes bind to. |
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What is an intron? |
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A nucleotide in the DNA of Eukaryota genes. |
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What is exons? |
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A DNA sequence that codes for proteins. |
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What is a codon? |
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A three letter "word" in mRNA's genetic code. |
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What is translation? |
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The process of decoding an mRNA message. |
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What is an anticodon? |
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an unpaired base in an tRNA molecule that is complementary to one mRNA codon. |
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What is mutation? |
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Mistakes in DNA where an incorrect base is inserted or a base is skipped. |
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What is point mutation? |
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A gene mutation involving changes in one or a few nucleotides. |
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What is franeshift mutation? |
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A mutation in which a nucleotide is added or deleted in groupings of codons/ |
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What is polyploidy? |
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A condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes. |
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What is operon? |
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A group of genes that operate together. |
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What is an operator? |
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A region in the operon which contains sever copies of DNA- binding protein |
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What is differentiation? |
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Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function. |
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What is hox genes? |
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a series of genes that control the differentiation of the cells and tissues in the embryo. |
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