Anatomy And Physiology: Muscle

Skeletal muscle: Identify and give examples of where it is found Multiple nuclei, striated, voluntary and involuntary (reflexes) control. Location: attached to bones Function: body movement Smooth muscle: Identify and give examples of where it is found Spindle shaped, single nucleus that is centrally located. Location: walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, eyes, glands, and skin Function: Food movement through digestive tract ect. Cardiac muscle: Identify and give examples of where it is found Striated, single centrally located nucleus. Function: pumps blood Location: Heart Orbicularis Oculi closes eye Orbicularis Oris Compresses and purses lips Zygomaticus Major Retracts and elevates corners of the mouth Platysma Tenses skin of neck, depresses mandible Frontalis Raises eyebrows, wrinkles scalp Occipitalis Tenses and retracts scalp Buccinator Compresses cheeks Masseter Elevates mandible Temporalis Elevates mandible Medial Pterygoid Moves mandible side to side Lateral Pterygoid Moves mandible side to side Genioglossus Depresses tongue Hyoglossus Depresses tongue Styloglossus Retracts tongue Sternocleidomastoid Both together: flexion of neck, one: laterally bends neck to opposite side Origin: Sternum and Clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process Splenius Capitis Both together: extension of the neck, one: rotate and laterally flex neck to same side Erector Spinae Group: Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and Spinalis Extend Vertebral Column Quadratus Lumborum Depress ribs or laterally flex spine Psoas Major Hip flexion O: vertebra T12-L5 I: lesser trochanter femur Iliacus Hip flexion O: Iliac fossa of ilium I: Lesser trochanter femur Diaphragm Expands thoracic cavity and compresses abdominopelvic cavity Rectus Abdominis Flexes trunk, compress abdomen External Oblique Flex trunk, rotates trunk to opposite side, compresses abdomen Transverse Abdominis Stabilizes spine, compress abdomen Internal Oblique Flex trunk, rotates trunk to same side, compresses abdomen Levator Scapulae Elevate scapula O: Cervical vertebra I: Scapula Pectoralis Minor Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferior Rhomboid Major and Rhomboid Minor Adducts scapula. O: vertebra (C7-T4) I: scapula Serratus Anterior Protracts scapula Trapezius Upper fibers elevate scapula, middle fibers retract scapula, lower fibers depress scapula O: Vertebra (C and T), occipital bone I: Scapula Deltoid Abduction of shoulder (anterior fibers-flexion, posterior fibers- extension) O: Scapula and clavicle I: Deltoid tuberosity Coracobrachialis Adduction and flexion of shoulder O: Coracoid process of scapula I: Humerus Pectoralis major adduction, flexion, medial rotation shoulder O: ribs, sternum, and clavicle I: humerus Latissimus dorsi Adduction, extension, medial rotation shoulder O: Spinal column and ilium I: anterior humerus Supraspinatus Abduction shoulder. O: supraspinous fossa I: humerus Infraspinatus Lateral rotation shoulder O: infraspinous fossa I: humerus Teres Minor Lateral rotation shoulder O: scapula I: Humerus Subscapularis Medial rotation shoulder O: subscapular fossa I: humerus Teres major Adduction, extension, medial rotation shoulder O: scapula I: humerus Not part of rotator cuff Biceps brachii Flexion and supination elbow, long head flexion shoulder also Long head O: scapula I: radius Short head O: coracoid process I: radial tuberosity Brachialis Flexion elbow O: humerus I: ulna Brachioradialis Flexion elbow Triceps Brachii Extension elbow, long head extension shoulder also Long head O: scapula Medial and Lateral head O: Humerus All I: olecranon process Pronator Teres Pronation forearm Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexion wrist Palmaris Longus Flexion wrist Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexion wrist Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexion wrist and proximal interphalangeal joints Flexor Digitorum Profundus Flexion wrist and distal interphalangeal joints Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extension wrist Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extension wrist Extensor Digitorum Extension wrist and fingers Extensor Digiti minimi Extension finger 5 Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extension wrist Abductor Pollicis Longus Abduction thumb Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extension thumb Extensor Pollicis Longus Extension thumb Supinator Supinate forearm Gluteus Maximus Extension, lateral rotation hip O: Iliac crest and sacrum I: Iliotibial tract Gluteus Medius Abduction, medial rotation hip O: Ilium I: Greater Trochanter Gluteus Minimus Abduction, medial rotation hip Piriformis Lateral rotation hip Tensor Fasciae Latae Flexion, medial rotation hip, stabilizes hip and knee O: Ilium I: Iliotibial tract Iliotibial tract Not a muscle Adductor Magnus Adduction hip Adductor Longus Adduction hip Gracilis Adduction hip, flexion knee O: pubis I: tibia Biceps Femoris Flexion knee, extension hip Long head- O: Ischial tuberosity I: lateral tibia Short head- O: Femur I: Tibia Semimembranosus Flexion knee, extension hip O: Ishial tuberosity I: medial tibia Semitendinosis Flexion knee, extension hip O: Ishial Tuberosity I: Tibia Sartorius Flexion knee, flexion hip O: Anterior superior iliac spine I: medial tibia Rectus Femoris Extension knee, flexion hip O: Iliac spine I: Patella Vastus Intermeius Vastus Medialis Vastus Lateralis Extension Knee O: Femur I: Patella Gastrocnemius plantarflexion ankle O: condyles of femur I: Achilles tendon Soleus plantarflexion ankle O: Tibia and fibula I: Achilles tendon Achilles tendon Not a muscle Flexor digitorum longus Flex toes 2-5 Tibialis posterior Plantarflexion ankle Flexor hallucis longus Flexion great toe (Hallux) Popliteus flexion at knee Fibularis Longus Fibularis Brevis Eversion ankle/foot Tibialis anterior dorsiflexion ankle O: tibia I: 1st metatarsal and cuneiform Extensor Digitorum Longus extension toes 2-5 Extensor Hallucis Longus Extension great toe (hallux)