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Magna Carta |
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(1215) Limited the king's power.
-Based on the feudal contract. Kings & leaders are held accountable for their actions.
-Became the basis for English Law & the US Bill of Rights |
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1215 |
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Magna Carta was signed & limited the King's power |
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1607 |
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Establishment of the first English colony in North America at Jamestown |
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Bill of Rights |
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Amendments #1-10 of the U.S. Constitution.
- They protect personal freedoms and property. |
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establishment |
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Creation |
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colony &
colonists |
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the creation of a community of one group of people outside of their homeland or what these people are called |
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Jamestown |
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The first colony from England in North America |
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Virginia House of Burgesses |
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(1619) The 1st representative assembly in the American colonies |
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Representative Assembly |
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a meeting of people who represent (stand for) citizens to make political decisions |
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Mayflower Compact |
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(1620) Written by the Pilgrims who came to America, it said that they would follow the laws they would write |
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consent |
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approval |
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English Bill of Rights |
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(1689) In England, it says the Parliment will make the laws & the king and people will follow the laws.
- It was the basis for the U.S. Bill of Rights |
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Parliament (in England)
Congress (in the United States) |
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These groups are made up of the representatives of the people
- they make decisions in government for the people (this is known as representative democracy)
- these representatives are voted for by the common people |
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sovereign |
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the most powerful politican in a country |
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sovereignty |
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a nation or states supreme power inside its borders |
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monarchy |
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rule by a king or queen |
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absolute monarchy |
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when a king or queen hold all the power in a country (and does not share it) |
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limited monarchy |
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when a king or queen shares power with the people (or with Parliament or Congress) |
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nationalism |
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the feeling of loyalty and attachment to a country |
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common law |
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laws that applies to everyone in a country
(the United States has a common set of laws) |
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individual rights |
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rights that belong to a person, such as:
freedom of speech
freedom of religion
right to a jury trial
innocent until proven guilty |
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republic |
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a type of government in which the leader is not a monarch and some citizens have the right to vote
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popular sovereignty |
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power belongs to the people |
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Articles of Confederation |
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the 1st form of government in the United States
- it was made to bring the states together to end the Revolutionary War
- had a weak central government |
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federalism |
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a type of government in which power (sovereignty) is divided between the national and state governments |
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Judiciary branch |
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one of the 3 branches of government
- this is the courts and judges
- interprets the law |
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Executive branch |
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one of the 3 branches of government
- this is the president, governors, mayors
- carries out the laws |
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Legislative branch |
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one of the 3 branches of government
- this is made up of the officials people vote for to represent them (at the city council, and state and national Senates & House of Representatives)
- makes laws |
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Separation of Powers |
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power is divided between the 3 branches of government (Judicial, Executive, and Legislative) |
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checks and balances |
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no one branch of government can get too much power, because the other two branches will check on it and balance it out |
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represent |
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to stand for |
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Declaration of Independence |
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- written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 in America
- told King George III what he was doing wrong and why the colonists were breaking from England
- expressed desires for a democratic, representative government |
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Revolutionary War |
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the war fought between the American colonists and England from 1775 - 1781 |
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Treaty of Paris (1783) |
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Ended the Revolutionary War
- Colonies were recognized (seen as) independent
- the United States are officially formed!!! |
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grievance |
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complaint
(such as the ones listed by the colonists about King George III in the Declaration of Independence) |
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ratified |
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officially approve or pass
(the states had to each ratify, or approve, of the Constitution before it became official) |
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Louisiana Purchase (1803) |
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Bought from France in 1803
- it doubled the size of the United States |
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surrender |
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to give up
(especially in war) |
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alliance |
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a group (of people or countries) who all want the same thing
- those people or countries are each others allies |
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restrict |
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prevent |
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Samuel Adams |
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Leader of the Boston Tea Party
- Anti-British
- Signed the Declaration of Independence |
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Benjamin Franklin |
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During the Revolutionary War, he went to France to create an alliance that helped the American colonists win the war
- In 1783, he helped with the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Revolutionary War |
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King George III of England |
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Wanted to keep control of the American colonies by fighting against their attempts at independence
- the colonial greviances against him are listed in the 2nd part of the Declaration of Independence |
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Thomas Jefferson |
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A leader of the American Revolution
- Wrote the Declaration of Independence |
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Thomas Paine |
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Wrote an article (Common Sense) that told the American colonists to revolt against England & declare independence |
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George Washington |
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Commander-in-chief of the Contential (colonists') Army
- 1st President of the United States |
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delegate |
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a person who represents a group of people
(also known as a representative) |
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Battles of Lexington & Concord (1775) |
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The first battles of the Revolutionary War |
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amendment |
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change or correction |
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impose |
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force (as in taxes) |
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Battle of Saratoga (1777) |
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the Americans defeat the British
- this is the major turning point in the Revolutionary War |
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Battle of Yorktown (1781) |
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The final battle of the Revolutionary War
- the Americans (with help from France) defeat the British |
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U.S. Constitution |
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Formed the government of the United States
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trial by jury |
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having a jury (12 people) decide if the person on trial is innocent or guilty
(this is a right promised in the Bill of Rights) |
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negotiate |
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agree to (as in treaties or terms of surrender) |
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pardon |
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excuse |
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guarantee |
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promise |
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inalienable rights |
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rights that can not be taken away from a person
(such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness) |
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Republicanism |
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government by elected representatives of the people |
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