Distance is a scalar quantity because it only has magnitude and no directional component. Scalars are quantities that can be completely described by their magnitude alone, such as temperature or mass. In contrast, vectors have both magnitude and direction, like velocity or displacement. Since distance is simply the length between two points, it does not have a specific direction associated with it, making it a scalar quantity.

Displacement is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction. It represents the change in position of an object from its initial position to its final position. Magnitude refers to the length or size of the displacement, while direction indicates the path or angle of the displacement. Scalars, on the other hand, only have magnitude and no direction.

Speed is a scalar quantity because it only has magnitude and no direction. Scalar quantities are described by a single value, such as speed, temperature, or mass, without any information about the direction in which they occur. In contrast, vector quantities have both magnitude and direction, like velocity or force. Since speed only represents the magnitude of motion without specifying a direction, it is considered a scalar quantity.

If a body covers a full circle, it means that it returns to its original position. Displacement refers to the change in position from the initial to the final position. In this case, since the body ends up at the same position where it started, there is no change in position and therefore the displacement is zero.

Ice is a solid because it is the frozen form of water. At temperatures below zero degrees Celsius, water molecules slow down and form a rigid, crystalline structure, resulting in the solid state of ice. In this state, the molecules are closely packed together and have a fixed shape and volume.

Plasma consists of energetic/excited particles. Plasma is the fourth state of matter, in which atoms are ionized, and their electrons are free to move. These free electrons gain energy and become excited, leading to the presence of highly energetic particles in plasma.

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. They are small organelles found in cells that read the genetic code from the DNA and use it to assemble amino acids into proteins. Proteins are essential for various cellular functions, including cell structure, enzymes, and signaling molecules.

Gold is widely recognized as the most ductile element. Ductility refers to the ability of a material to be stretched into a thin wire without breaking. Gold's remarkable ductility stems from its atomic structure, which allows its atoms to slide past each other easily under stress without losing their cohesive bonds.

Noble gases are a group of chemical elements with very similar properties; they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity. The noble gases include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, and they are located in the far right column (Group 18) of the periodic table. Chlorine, on the other hand, is not a noble gas. It is a halogen, which belongs to Group 17 of the periodic table. Chlorine is a highly reactive element, commonly used in the production of disinfectants and plastics. Unlike noble gases, chlorine forms various compounds through its ability to gain an electron, achieving a stable electronic configuration.

Fluorine is the most reactive element. It is the most electronegative element, meaning it has a strong tendency to gain electrons from other elements. Fluorine's high reactivity is due to its small atomic size coupled with a high effective nuclear charge, which strongly attracts electrons from other substances.