A client with a colostomyRationale: Causes of deficient fluid volume include vomiting, diarrhea, conditions that cause increased respirations or increased urinary output, insufficient IV fluid replacement, draining fistulas, and the presence of an ileostomy or colostomy. A client with congestive heart failure or decreased kidney function, or a client receiving frequent wound irrigations, is at ...
Depressed ST segmentRationale: The normal magnesium level is 1.6 to 2.6 mg/dL. A magnesium level of 1.0 mg/dL indicates hypomagnesemia. In hypomagnesemia, the nurse would note tall T waves and a depressed ST segment. Options B and D would be noted in a client experiencing hypermagnesemia. Prominent U waves occur with hypokalemia.
Test-Taking Strategy: First, you must determine that the client ...
Peas Cauliflower Peanut butter Canned white tunaRationale: The normal magnesium level is 1.6 to 2.6 mg/dL. Common food sources of magnesium include avocado, canned white tuna, cauliflower, green leafy vegetables such as spinach and broccoli, milk, oatmeal, peanut butter, peas, pork, beef, chicken, potatoes, raisins, and yogurt. Bacon is high in sodium. Oranges are high in ...
0.9 NS at an open rateA client who recently had surgery, is vomiting, becomes dizzy when standing up, has a blood pressure of 55/30, and has a pulse of 140 is hypovolemic and requires plasma volume expansion. Isotonic fluids such as 0.9 NS will expand volume. Hypotonic fluids such as 0.45 NS will leave the intravascular space. D5W will metabolize into free water and leave the intravascular ...
Provide reassurance to the client and administer sedativesA client who is anxious and upset, gets lightheaded, and has tingling in the fingers is in respiratory alkalosis. The arterial blood gases include a pH of 7.48, PaCO2 of 29, and HCO3 of 24. Administering sedatives will assist the client to slow breathe and retain more CO2, thus bringing the pH back into normal range. Deep breathing ...
Dehydration.A. (incorrect) Clients who are overhydrated or have fluid volume excess would experience dilutional values of sodium (135-145 mEq/L) and red blood cells (44% to 52%). The levels would be lower than normal, not higher.
B. (incorrect) Anemia is a low red blood cell count for a variety of reasons.
C. (correct) Dehydration results in concentrated serum that causes lab values to ...
A client who is alcoholic receiving total parenteral nutritionA client with osteoporosis taking vitamin and calcium supplements, a client with chronic renal failure awaiting dialysis, and a client with hypoparathyroidism secondary to thyroid surgery are at risk for hyperphosphatemia. Alcoholics and clients receiving TPN are at risk for low phosphorus levels, due to poor intestinal absorption and ...
Broccoli Nuts Canned salmonFish, eggs, and organ meats are high in phosphorus. Broccoli, nuts, and canned salmon are high in calcium. Clients with lung or breast cancer often have elevated calcium levels due to tumor-induced hyperparathyroidism.