The ionosphere is thicker during the day when the solar radiation is directly hitting the earth's atmosphere. The parts of earth that are currently experiencing night will have a thinner ionosphere, with the innermost layer of the ionosphere almost completely absent.

At its thickest, the ionosphere exists at around 65 kilometers to 1,000 kilometers above the earth's surface, making it ...

The ionosphere exists due to solar radiation, cosmic rays, and natural radioactivity, it can be assumed that the ionosphere came into existence around the same time the earth was created. In 1926, Robert Watson-Watt, a Scottish physicist introduced the term in a paper in the journal Nature.

The ionosphere was first discovered by scientists as they studied radio signals transmitted ...

The ionosphere maintains the ionic charge through solar radiation, cosmic rays, and natural radioactivity, so as long as the sun continues to burn, the ionosphere on earth will continue to be ionized. Thunderstorms on earth then act as a giant battery. The lightning bolts discharge atmospheric charge that is stored in storm clouds.

The atmosphere will never be completely neutral. A ...

Dark energy cannot be turned into regular energy because they are opposite forces in the universe. Not a lot is known about dark energy and astrophysicists are still trying to figure out what the purpose of dark energy is in the universe.

We know that dark energy and regular energy occupy the same space. There are some theories that dark energy and regular energy need each other to ...

Dark energy and regular energy are always meeting. The two opposing forces occupy the same space constantly. The bigger and more important question to ask is what happens when regular energy exists without dark energy. We know that when matter and antimatter meet, there is an explosion of energy because the two cannot coexist.

Some believe that if regular energy became separated from ...

No, dark energy can not be calculated using the same formulas as regular energy because we know that dark energy does not have the same principles as regular energy. Dark energy is largely a mystery to us, but we do know that it does not follow the same rules as regular energy.

We also know that dark energy and regular energy occupy the same space so they cannot possibly follow the ...

Superconductors can exist at normal temperatures but they will need to maintain zero electrical resistance at normal temperatures. It is only when they are cooled below a characteristic temperature that they are able to achieve zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic flux fields.

This means that the superconductor will conduct electicity perfectly at the specified ...

The sun used energy prodcued from gravity to initiate nuclear fusion. Nuclear fusion occurs when the nuclei of two atoms collide at a very high speed and form a new nucleus. In the context of the sun, the nuclei that are constantly colliding are from hydrogen and helium atoms.

During the process of nuclear fusion, some mass is lost and energy is an output. Nuclear fusion occurs in the ...

The Germans liked to act like they had superior weaponry over the Allies in World War II but in reality, the Germans‘ weapons were less powerful and accurate than the Allies. The Allies has more powerful and better weapons, but more importantly, the Allies forces had momentum, as more and more, allies joined hands against the Germans.

The Allies also had superior intelligence ...

Yes, I would definitely volunteer in the relief efforts after a natural disaster. I think that it is important to help people when they need it the most. People who are impacted by natural disasters are typically not prepared for what has happened to them and need significant help to get their lives back on track.

I think it is especially important to help with natural disaster relief ...