Neurology And Pathophysiology
From the patho study guide
- 1.
Endorphins
- A.
Increase pain sensation
- B.
Decrease pain sensation
- C.
May increase or decrease pain sensation
- D.
Have no effect on pain sensation
Correct Answer
B. Decrease pain sensation -
- 2.
Referred pain from the upper abdominal diseases includes
- A.
The sacral region
- B.
L2-L4
- C.
T8, L1, L2
- D.
The gluteal regions, the posterior thighs and calves
Correct Answer
C. T8, L1, L2 -
- 3.
Norepinephrine
- A.
Inhibits pain in the spinal cord and brain
- B.
Increases excitability of neurons in the dorsal horn of the cord
- C.
Contributes to pain inhibition in the pons and medulla
- D.
Has major inhibitory effects in the spinal cord
Correct Answer
C. Contributes to pain inhibition in the pons and medulla -
- 4.
In the gate control theory of pain
- A.
A closed gate increases pain perception
- B.
Stimulation of large A fibers closes the gate
- C.
Both a and b are correct
- D.
Neither a or b is correct
Correct Answer
B. Stimulation of large A fibers closes the gate -
- 5.
Interleukin-1
- A.
Lowers the hypothalamic set point
- B.
Is an exogenous pyrogen
- C.
Stimulated by exogenous pyrogens
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Stimulated by exogenous pyrogens -
- 6.
Increased serum levels of epinephrine increase body temperature by
- A.
Increasing vasodilation
- B.
Decreasing muscle tone
- C.
Increasing heat production by causing glycolysis and increasing metabolic rates
- D.
Decreasing metabolic rate
Correct Answer
C. Increasing heat production by causing glycolysis and increasing metabolic rates -
- 7.
In heat stroke
- A.
A core temp usually does not exceed 101 F
- B.
Sodium loss follows sweating
- C.
Core temp increases as the regulatory center fails
- D.
Both b and c are correct
Correct Answer
B. Sodium loss follows sweating -
- 8.
Unmyelinated C nociceptors
- A.
Are responsible for transmission of the diffuse, burning sensation
- B.
Transmit fast pain sensations
- C.
Carry well localized sharp pain sensations
- D.
Terminate in the white matter of the dorsal horn
Correct Answer
A. Are responsible for transmission of the diffuse, burning sensation -
- 9.
In hypothermia
- A.
Viscosity of blood is decreased
- B.
Acidosis can develop
- C.
The hypothalamic center prevents shivering
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
B. Acidosis can developExplanation
hypothalamic center stimulates shiveringRate this question:
-
- 10.
NREM and REM sleep are defined by EEG. What are the physiological events?
- A.
During NREM, muscle tone increases
- B.
NREM is initiated by the withdrawal of neurotransmitters from the reticular formation
- C.
During NREM, cerebral blood flow to the cortex is increased
Correct Answer
B. NREM is initiated by the withdrawal of neurotransmitters from the reticular formation -
- 11.
Sleep apnea
- A.
Increases blood oxygen saturation
- B.
Results from airway obstruction during sleep
- C.
Is associated with jet lag
- D.
Produces pulmonary hypotension
Correct Answer
B. Results from airway obstruction during sleep -
- 12.
Endogenous opioids inhibit
- A.
Substance P
- B.
TNF
- C.
Prostaglandin E
- D.
Arginine vasopressin
Correct Answer
A. Substance P -
- 13.
Glaucoma is and results from .
- A.
Clouding of the lens, increased aqueous humor formation
- B.
Decreased intra-ocular pressure, decreased aqueous humor formation
- C.
Increased intra-ocular pressure, decreased aqueous humor
Correct Answer
C. Increased intra-ocular pressure, decreased aqueous humor -
- 14.
Keratitis may cause
- A.
Ulcers of the cornea
- B.
Conjunctival pus
- C.
Hordeolum
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Ulcers of the cornea -
- 15.
Meneiere disease
- A.
Is a complication of chronic middle ear disease
- B.
Affects cochlear function and equilibrium
- C.
Decreases endo-lymphatic pressure within the cochlea
- D.
Is a genetic cause of vertigo
Correct Answer
B. Affects cochlear function and equilibrium -
- 16.
Which is neither an activator nor a depolarizer of primary or first order afferents?
- A.
Bradykinin
- B.
Prostaglandins
- C.
Leukotrienes
- D.
Substance P
Correct Answer
D. Substance P -
- 17.
Third order neurons
- A.
Terminate in the dorsal horn
- B.
Project to the post-central gyrus of the parietal lobe
- C.
Project to the thalamus
- D.
Are concerned with reflexes
Correct Answer
B. Project to the post-central gyrus of the parietal lobe -
- 18.
Deafferentation pain results from
- A.
Surgical resection of a nerve
- B.
Muscle strain
- C.
Infected nerves
- D.
Decreased levels of endorphins
Correct Answer
A. Surgical resection of a nerve -
- 19.
Basic sensation of pain
- A.
Thalamus
- B.
Brainstem
- C.
Cortex
Correct Answer
A. Thalamus -
- 20.
Initiation of pain stimulus
- A.
Nociceptive receptors
- B.
A fibers
- C.
Cortex
Correct Answer
A. Nociceptive receptors -
- 21.
Discrimination and precision
- A.
Thalamus
- B.
Cortex
- C.
A fibers
Correct Answer
B. Cortex -
- 22.
Central apnea
- A.
Sleep initiation disorder
- B.
Sleep breathing disorder
- C.
Sleep wake disorder
Correct Answer
B. Sleep breathing disorder -
- 23.
Insomnia
- A.
Sleep initiation disorder
- B.
Sleep wake schedule disorder
Correct Answer
A. Sleep initiation disorder -
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Jan 03, 2013Quiz Edited by
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Aug 07, 2009Quiz Created by
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