Quiz Over Epidemiology
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- 1.
A pandemic is an epidemic affecting or attacking a population of an extensive region, country, or continent.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 2.
The first disease brought to the attention of an epidemiologist is the primary case.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The index case is the first case brought to the attention of an epidemiologist.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The chain of infection includes: infectious agent, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
This is missing the reservoir from which the pathogen exits.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The stage of susceptibility precedes the disease and involves the likelihood a host has of ill effects from an external agent or pathogen.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Host may be able to fend off illness instead of becoming infected in this stage.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The stage of pre-symptomatic disease period is useful for determining the etiologic agent of disease.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Incubation period is helpful when determining the pathogenic cause of disease.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Cowpox is a zoonotic disease.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Zoonotic diseases are spread from animals to humans. Cowpox is spread from cows to humans.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Cholera is a chronic disease.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Cholera is an acute, communicable disease.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Primary deficiency diseases result from the body's inability to use specific nutrients properly.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Primary deficiency diseases result when the person does not consume enough food with nutrients. Secondary deficiency diseases result from poor absorption or usage of nutrients.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Who introduced the term epidemic?
- A.
Jesty
- B.
Sydenham
- C.
Hippocrates
- D.
Lind
Correct Answer
C. Hippocrates -
- 10.
Semmelweis observed high levels of deaths in what population?
- A.
Low income
- B.
People drinking contaminated water
- C.
Mothers
- D.
Cows
Correct Answer
C. MothersExplanation
Semmelweis reduced deaths due to childbed fever in mothers by emphasizing the importance of hand washing.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Doll and Hill assessed the association between _____ and _____ in a ____ study design.
- A.
High fat diets, cancer, case control
- B.
Smoking, cancer, cohort
- C.
Drinking, cancer, cohort
- D.
Smoking, cancer, case control
Correct Answer
B. Smoking, cancer, cohortExplanation
Doll and Hill used a cohort study design. Wynder and Graham studied smoking and cancer using a case control design.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Health is a state of complete _____, _____, and _____ well-being.
- A.
Physical, emotional, and economical
- B.
Physical, mental, and social
- C.
Social, physical, and economical
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Physical, mental, and social -
- 13.
Diseases arise from:
- A.
Infectious agents or environmental stresses
- B.
Inherent weaknesses
- C.
Both A and B
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Both A and B -
- 14.
The capacity of the agent to cause a disease in the infected host is which characteristics of infectious disease agents?
- A.
Pathogenicity
- B.
Infectivity
- C.
Infection
- D.
Virulence
Correct Answer
A. Pathogenicity -
- 15.
The definition of host is
- A.
A person or animal who permits lodgment of an infectious disease agent under unnatural conditions
- B.
Someone who is susceptible to an infection and allows lodgment of an infectious disease agent under natural conditions
- C.
A person or animal who permits lodgement of an infectious disease agent under natural conditions
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Someone who is susceptible to an infection and allows lodgment of an infectious disease agent under natural conditions -
- 16.
Herd immunity is
- A.
Viewed as how many people in a population have gotten immunized
- B.
Resistance of a population to the invasion and spread of an infectious disease
- C.
Resistance of a population to the invasion and spread of a chronic disease
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Resistance of a population to the invasion and spread of an infectious disease -
- 17.
State laws and organizations require one or two beds to be kept, designed, and equpped in a hospital or nursing home for what specific reason?
- A.
Isolation
- B.
Emergency procedures for Zika
- C.
Quarantine
- D.
Just a regulation
Correct Answer
A. IsolationExplanation
Isolation occurs when the person has the disease.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Increasing levels of ____ and higher levels of _____ has produced a change in the emphasis of epidemiologic studies
- A.
Researchers, educational
- B.
Smoking, obesity
- C.
Life expectancy, chronic disease
- D.
Life expectancy, cancer
Correct Answer
C. Life expectancy, chronic disease -
- 19.
Epidemiologists are interested in
- A.
The causes of diseases and how to control them
- B.
The frequency and geographic distribution of diseases
- C.
Individual level symptoms
- D.
All of the above
- E.
A and B
- F.
B and C
Correct Answer
A. The causes of diseases and how to control them -
- 20.
Maternal mortality rates reflect health care access and socioeconomic factors
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 21.
Birth rate is used to project population changes
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 22.
An example of a proximate determinant of fertility is educational status
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 23.
An example of a proximate determinant of fertility is educational status.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 24.
The three measures of population change are fertility rates, mortality rates, and migration rates.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 25.
Death, birth, marriage, divorce, and fetal death are examples of population change factors.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Divorce and marriage do not impact population growth or decline.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Discrete data are measured in fixed amounts.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Discrete data differs in fixed intervals, but is not necessarily measured that way.Rate this question:
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- 27.
A preference rating is an example of discrete qualitative data.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
This would be an example of ordinal data where ranking is important, not numerical value.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The standard deviation describes the variation around the mean of a continuous variable
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 29.
The term "healthy worker effect" refers to populations of employed workers having a lower mortality rate than the general population.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
People who are able to work are likely healthier than those who cannot.Rate this question:
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- 30.
The definition of the ecologic fallacy is
- A.
Failing to account for the ecology of the environment
- B.
Observations made at the individual level may represent the exposure-disease relationship at the group level
- C.
Observations made at the group level may not represent the exposure-disease relationship at the individual level
- D.
None of the above.
Correct Answer
C. Observations made at the group level may not represent the exposure-disease relationship at the individual levelExplanation
Ecologic studies are prone to this limitation. Generalizations at the population level may not be accurate on the individual level.Rate this question:
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- 31.
____ & ____ include a few number of people and generate hypotheses for larger scale studies.
- A.
Case report & mortality data
- B.
Incidence & risk involved
- C.
Case report & case series
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Case report & case series -
- 32.
The Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is an example of what?
- A.
Ecologic Fallacy
- B.
Retrospective Cohort
- C.
Serial Survey
- D.
Case Control
Correct Answer
C. Serial Survey -
- 33.
The _______ of a disease is defined as the number of cases of illness in a group at a point in time divided by the total number in the group.
- A.
Period Prevalence
- B.
Point Prevalence
- C.
Incidence Prevalence
- D.
Attack Rate
Correct Answer
B. Point Prevalence -
- 34.
Constrictive population pyramids display
- A.
A higher number of young people
- B.
A sub-group of a population
- C.
A lower number of young people
- D.
A lower number of older people
Correct Answer
C. A lower number of young people -
- 35.
The dependency ratio measures
- A.
The number of disabled elderly that each 100 people must support
- B.
The number of dependents old or young that each 1,000 people must support
- C.
The number of dependents old or young that each 100 people must support
- D.
The number of infants that each 100 people must support
Correct Answer
C. The number of dependents old or young that each 100 people must support -
- 36.
The Female Paradox states that
- A.
Female age-standardized morbidity rates for many acute conditions were higher than rates for males, even though mortality was higher in males.
- B.
Female age-standardized morbidity rates for many chronic conditions were higher than rates for males, even though mortality was higher among males
- C.
Female age-standardized morbidity rates for many acute and chronic conditions were hgiher than rates for males, even though mortality was higher among males.
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Female age-standardized morbidity rates for many acute and chronic conditions were hgiher than rates for males, even though mortality was higher among males. -
- 37.
In 2011, life expectancy was highest for what race?
- A.
Black females
- B.
White females and males
- C.
Hispanic males and females
- D.
White males
Correct Answer
C. Hispanic males and females -
- 38.
Acculturation provides evidence that ____ and ____ influence ____.
- A.
Behavioral factors, environmental factors, infant mortality
- B.
Environmental factors, behavioral factors, chronic diseases
- C.
Nativity, emigration, cardiovascular disease
- D.
Environmental factors, behavioral factors, acute conditions
Correct Answer
B. Environmental factors, behavioral factors, chronic diseases -
- 39.
Public health surveillance can prompt
- A.
Control measures
- B.
Isolation measures
- C.
Individual observation
- D.
Isolation effects
Correct Answer
A. Control measuresExplanation
Isolation is a type of a control measure, making control measures the better option.Rate this question:
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- 40.
What is a marker of health status, service provision, or resource availability?
- A.
Contraceptive prevalence
- B.
Mortality
- C.
Birth rate
- D.
Health indicator
Correct Answer
D. Health indicator -
- 41.
Major study designs differ from each other in which of the following ways?
- A.
Data collection methods
- B.
Unit of observation
- C.
Directionality of exposure
- D.
Number of observations made
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the above -
- 42.
The outcome in a group is compared both before and after an assigned intervention using
- A.
Factorial-design
- B.
Within-group design
- C.
Within-population design
- D.
Between-group design
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Within-group design -
- 43.
Restriction when selecting cases in a case-control study may limit what?
- A.
Reliability
- B.
Validity
- C.
Outcome measurements
- D.
Generalizability
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. Generalizability -
- 44.
A risk ratio is used with what kind of study?
- A.
Case-control
- B.
Cross-sectional
- C.
Quasi-Experimental
- D.
Cohort
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. Cohort -
- 45.
An odds ratio of 3.1 suggests that
- A.
3.1x more people will get the disease in the population
- B.
The odds of disease are about 3 times lower among the exposed than among the non-exposed
- C.
The odds of disease are about 3 times higher among the exposed than among the non-exposed
- D.
There is a negative association between the exposure and disease
Correct Answer
C. The odds of disease are about 3 times higher among the exposed than among the non-exposed -
- 46.
When studying chronic diseases, a cohort study generally has the following disadvantage compared to a case-control study:
- A.
It needs a large number of people with potential to develop the disease of interest
- B.
Temporal sequence between exposure and disease can be more clearly established
- C.
Can use recent records or questionnaires to assess exposures and confounders more efficiently
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
A. It needs a large number of people with potential to develop the disease of interest -
- 47.
What is the advantage of a case control study compared to a cohort study?
- A.
Quick and easy to complete
- B.
Useful for studies of rare diseases
- C.
Cost effective
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above -
- 48.
Weaknesses of this type of study include the amount of time and money often required and the lack of feasibility with rare outcomes.
- A.
Cohort
- B.
Case-control
- C.
Case-crossover
- D.
Nested case-control
- E.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Cohort -
- 49.
What type of trial tests a group intervention?
- A.
Clinical
- B.
Therapeutic
- C.
Prophylactic
- D.
Community
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. Community -
- 50.
Which term refers to a conclusion about the causal relationship between a disease and an exposure variable?
- A.
Indirect causal association
- B.
Statistical inference
- C.
Casual inference
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Casual inference -
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Current Version
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May 21, 2019Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
May 03, 2017Quiz Created by
Emilymaebruce24
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