Epidemiology Exam 1

251 Questions | By Hillard | Updated: May 21, 2019 | Attempts: 212

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Epidemiology Review for Midterm #1

Questions and Answers

1.

Incidence of a disease in a population
2.

Degree to which a measurement or an estimate based on measurements represents the true value of the attribute that is being measured
3.

ACE
4.

ACHR
5.

Rate of outcome after controlling for a variable(s) across the entire population or both groups of comparison
6.

Subject to which an outcome is attributable (e.g. bacteria, virus, chemicals, etc)
7.

AJE
8.

Finding an association when one does not exist; error of rejecting a true null hypothesis;
9.

AmJPH
10.

Analysis of variance
11.

APHA
12.

Systematic failure to represent equally all classes of cases or persons supposed to be represented in a sample
13.

# of new cases in a time period divided by population at risk in the same period } x100defined as the number of people at risk who develop a certain disease divided by the total number of people at risk
14.

Proportion used to calculate the attributable risk (often used synonymously with attributable risk)
15.

Amount or proportion of disease incidence that can be attributed to a specific exposure
16.

Used to obtain the probability of disease in a group of people with some characteristic of the basis of the overall rate of that disease and of the likelihood of that characteristic in healthy and diseased individuals
17.

Form of selection bias with hospital patients
18.

Error of failing to reject a false null hypothesis; not finding an association when one actually exists
19.

Systematic error in design, conduct or analysis of a study that results in mistaken estimate of an exposure's effect on the risk of disease
20.

Distribution in which there are two peaks
21.

Criterion that an observed, presumably or putatively causal association fits previously existing biological or medical knowledge
22.

Population born during a particular period and identified by period of birth so that the characteristics can be ascertained as it enters successive time and age periodsb
23.

Keeping the observer(s) and/or subjects ignorant of the group to which the subjects are being assigned
24.

Person in the population or study group identified as having the particular disease, health disorder, or condition under investigation
25.

Study in which cases are defined as those with the disease and controls are those without the disease; can study the significance between exposure & non-exposure from the two groups (this study begins with diseased and non-diseased people...current and past)
26.

# of deaths due to disease in time period # of ppl w/disease int hat time period x100determines what percentage of people diagnosed as having a certain disease die within a certain time after diagnosis
27.

Alternative to randomization in that no comparison is made with an untreated group or with a group receiving some other treatment
28.

Incidence in exposed - incidence in non-exposed
29.

Incidence in exposed - incidence in non-exposed incidence in exposed x100
30.

Incidence in population - incidence in non-exposed
31.

Incidence in population - incidence in non-exposed incidence in population x100
32.

Data that can be separated into different categories distinguished by a nonnumeric characteristic
33.

Factors that increase risk for an event
34.

CCDM
35.

CDC
36.

Loss of subjects from a follow-up study
37.

Disease that will last for a considerable amount of time
38.

CIOMS
39.

Bias due to misclassification (ex. measurement error)
40.

Disease characterized by signs and symptoms
41.

Form of study that utilizes randomly assigned data in establishing sound cause-effect association(s) of agent or factor to a disease, condition or death
42.

Set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly interrelated subgroups
43.

Study that compares the incidence of disease between a group of exposed individuals and a group of non-exposed individuals (study begins with exposed and non-exposed individuals) - today & future

Explanation
Cohort, Prospective, Incidence, Longitudinal and Concurrent are the same study: exposure and non-exposure groups are ascertained & followed for several years into the future and incidence is measured.

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4
44.

Outbreak due to exposure of a group of persons to a noxious influence that is common to the individuals in the group
45.

Experiment in which the prevention or therapy is administered to the entire community (example fluoridation of drinking water)
46.

Computed interval with a given probability
47.

Computed interval with a given probability
48.

Term used when variables or factors known to be related or associated with can influence the state of subjects being studiedthe confusion or distortion of measures of association between exposure and outcome due to a third (or more) variable(s)
49.

A variable which is not the exposure of interest or the outcome variable that causes confounding.

Explanation
note: not all variables are confounders

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4
50.

Table of observed frequencies

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May 21, 2019

Quiz Edited by
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Mar 20, 2010

Quiz Created by
Hillard

Epidemiology Exam 1

Incidence of a disease in a population

Degree to which a measurement or an estimate based on measurements represents the true value of the attribute that is being measured

ACE

ACHR

Rate of outcome after controlling for a variable(s) across the entire population or both groups of comparison

Subject to which an outcome is attributable (e.g. bacteria, virus, chemicals, etc)

AJE

Finding an association when one does not exist; error of rejecting a true null hypothesis;

AmJPH

Analysis of variance

APHA

Systematic failure to represent equally all classes of cases or persons supposed to be represented in a sample

# of new cases in a time period divided by population at risk in the same period } x100defined as the number of people at risk who develop a certain disease divided by the total number of people at risk

Proportion used to calculate the attributable risk (often used synonymously with attributable risk)

Amount or proportion of disease incidence that can be attributed to a specific exposure

Used to obtain the probability of disease in a group of people with some characteristic of the basis of the overall rate of that disease and of the likelihood of that characteristic in healthy and diseased individuals

Form of selection bias with hospital patients

Error of failing to reject a false null hypothesis; not finding an association when one actually exists

Systematic error in design, conduct or analysis of a study that results in mistaken estimate of an exposure's effect on the risk of disease

Distribution in which there are two peaks

Criterion that an observed, presumably or putatively causal association fits previously existing biological or medical knowledge

Population born during a particular period and identified by period of birth so that the characteristics can be ascertained as it enters successive time and age periodsb

Keeping the observer(s) and/or subjects ignorant of the group to which the subjects are being assigned

Person in the population or study group identified as having the particular disease, health disorder, or condition under investigation

Study in which cases are defined as those with the disease and controls are those without the disease; can study the significance between exposure & non-exposure from the two groups (this study begins with diseased and non-diseased people...current and past)

# of deaths due to disease in time period # of ppl w/disease int hat time period x100determines what percentage of people diagnosed as having a certain disease die within a certain time after diagnosis

Alternative to randomization in that no comparison is made with an untreated group or with a group receiving some other treatment

Incidence in exposed - incidence in non-exposed

Incidence in exposed - incidence in non-exposed incidence in exposed x100

Incidence in population - incidence in non-exposed

Incidence in population - incidence in non-exposed incidence in population x100

Data that can be separated into different categories distinguished by a nonnumeric characteristic

Factors that increase risk for an event

CCDM

CDC

Loss of subjects from a follow-up study

Disease that will last for a considerable amount of time

CIOMS

Bias due to misclassification (ex. measurement error)

Disease characterized by signs and symptoms

Form of study that utilizes randomly assigned data in establishing sound cause-effect association(s) of agent or factor to a disease, condition or death

Set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly interrelated subgroups

Study that compares the incidence of disease between a group of exposed individuals and a group of non-exposed individuals (study begins with exposed and non-exposed individuals) - today & future

Outbreak due to exposure of a group of persons to a noxious influence that is common to the individuals in the group

Experiment in which the prevention or therapy is administered to the entire community (example fluoridation of drinking water)

Computed interval with a given probability

Computed interval with a given probability

Term used when variables or factors known to be related or associated with can influence the state of subjects being studiedthe confusion or distortion of measures of association between exposure and outcome due to a third (or more) variable(s)

A variable which is not the exposure of interest or the outcome variable that causes confounding.

Table of observed frequencies