Biology 18

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Chapter 18 biology. Regulation of Gene expression.

Questions and Answers

1.

Differential Gene Expression
- A.
  
  Can regulate the activity of an enzymatic pathway
- B.
  
  Chemical modifications to histones and DNA that affect chromatin structure
- C.
  
  Necessary to generate the variety of cell and tissue types in multicellular eukaryotes
- D.
  
  Binds and activates the trp repressor protein
- E.
  
  Determined in part by sequences in the 5 and 3 untranslated regions of the gene
Correct Answer
C. Necessary to generate the variety of cell and tissue types in multicellular eukaryotes
2.

Non-coding DNA that is bound by transcription factors leading to gene regulation
- A.
  
  Transcription factors
- B.
  
  Genomic imprinting
- C.
  
  Alternative splicing
- D.
  
  Operon
- E.
  
  Control element
Correct Answer
E. Control element
3.

Different mRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcript
- A.
  
  Alternative splicing
- B.
  
  Acetylation
- C.
  
  Corepressor
- D.
  
  Operator
- E.
  
  Inducible operon
Correct Answer
A. Alternative splicing
4.

Operon
- A.
  
  A molecule that cooperates with a repressor to switch an operon off.
- B.
  
  Regulation of specific genes through transcription
- C.
  
  Promotes chromatin packing
- D.
  
  Inactivate repressors
- E.
  
  A cluster of functionally related genes regulated by a single on off switch.
Correct Answer
E. A cluster of functionally related genes regulated by a single on off switch.
5.

A molecule that cooperates what a repressor to switch an operon off.
- A.
  
  Operator
- B.
  
  Corepressor
- C.
  
  Inducer
- D.
  
  Imprinting
- E.
  
  Cordinate control
Correct Answer
B. Corepressor
6.

Transcription factor
- A.
  
  Produced from a gene at another locus
- B.
  
  The switch that is a segment of DNA within the promoter
- C.
  
  Binds another promoter sequence
- D.
  
  Required assistance for eukaryotic RNA polymerase after the chromatin has been modified for expression
- E.
  
  Cell specific regulatory proteins can control which alternative mRNA is transcribed
Correct Answer
D. Required assistance for eukaryotic RNA polymerase after the chromatin has been modified for expression
7.

Molecules that inactivate repressors to turn on transcription
- A.
  
  Repressors
- B.
  
  Inducers
- C.
  
  Enhancers
- D.
  
  Histones
- E.
  
  Enzymes
Correct Answer
B. Inducers
8.

Enzymes attach acetyl groups to positibely charged lysines in the histone tails
- A.
  
  Acetylation
- B.
  
  Methylation
- C.
  
  Corepressor
- D.
  
  Imprinting
- E.
  
  Splicing
Correct Answer
A. Acetylation
9.

Repressor
- A.
  
  Loosens chromatin structure and promotes transcription initiation
- B.
  
  Inhibits expressions of a particular gene
- C.
  
  Produces different molecules from the same primary transcript
- D.
  
  Binds proteins that promote mRNA stability
- E.
  
  Genes for tryptophan synthesis are transcribed
Correct Answer
B. Inhibits expressions of a particular gene
10.

The switch that is a segment of DNA within the promoter:
- A.
  
  Corepressor
- B.
  
  Promoter
- C.
  
  Enhancer
- D.
  
  Operator
- E.
  
  Acetylation
Correct Answer
D. Operator
11.

Promotes chromatin packing
- A.
  
  Acetylation
- B.
  
  Differential gene expression
- C.
  
  Operon
- D.
  
  Epigenetic inheritance
- E.
  
  Methylation
Correct Answer
E. Methylation
12.

Inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence.
- A.
  
  Genomic imprinting
- B.
  
  Epigenetic
- C.
  
  Enhancers
- D.
  
  Transcription factors
- E.
  
  Eukaryotic transcription
Correct Answer
B. Epigenetic
13.

Repressor protein
- A.
  
  Produced from a gene at another locus and can switch off the operons
- B.
  
  A molecule that cooperates with a repressor to switch an operon off
- C.
  
  Binds another promoter sequence
- D.
  
  Affect chromatin structure and the ability of genes to be transcribed
- E.
  
  Loosens chromatin structure and promotes transcription initiation
Correct Answer
A. Produced from a gene at another locus and can switch off the operons
14.

A combination of control elements allows transcription only when all appropriate activator proteins are present
- A.
  
  Alternative RNA splicing
- B.
  
  Repressors
- C.
  
  Operons
- D.
  
  Combinatorial control
- E.
  
  Transcription factor
Correct Answer
D. Combinatorial control
15.

An example of DNA methylation
- A.
  
  Epigenetic inheritance
- B.
  
  Differential gene expression
- C.
  
  Genomic imprinting
- D.
  
  Distal control elements
- E.
  
  Repressor protein
Correct Answer
C. Genomic imprinting
16.

Usually off; molecules inactivate repressors to turn on transcription
- A.
  
  Operator
- B.
  
  Iac repressor
- C.
  
  Enhancer
- D.
  
  Transcriptional activator
- E.
  
  Inducible operon
Correct Answer
E. Inducible operon
17.

Another name for distal control elements
- A.
  
  Corepressor
- B.
  
  Operon
- C.
  
  Enhancer
- D.
  
  Repressor
- E.
  
  Initiator
Correct Answer
C. Enhancer
18.

Proximal control elements
- A.
  
  Sequences of
- B.
  
  Sequences >100 bases away from the core promoter bound by specific transcription factors
- C.
  
  A cluster of functionally related genes regulated by an on-off switch
- D.
  
  The expression of different genes by cells with the same genome
- E.
  
  Chemical modifications to histones and DNA that affect chromatin structure
Correct Answer
A. Sequences of
19.

Transcription is usually on; binding of a repressor to the operator shuts it off
- A.
  
  Inducible operon
- B.
  
  Transcriptional activator
- C.
  
  Methylation
- D.
  
  Repressible operon
- E.
  
  Acetylation
Correct Answer
D. Repressible operon
20.

Transcriptional activator
- A.
  
  The expression of different genes by cells with the same genome
- B.
  
  All of the components of prokaryote and eukaryote genes that allow transcription and translation to occur
- C.
  
  Can be upstream, downstream, or within introns
- D.
  
  Example of DNA methylation control
- E.
  
  Binds another promoter sequence
Correct Answer
E. Binds another promoter sequence

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May 06, 2010

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Biology 18

Differential Gene Expression

Non-coding DNA that is bound by transcription factors leading to gene regulation

Different mRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcript

Operon

A molecule that cooperates what a repressor to switch an operon off.

Transcription factor

Molecules that inactivate repressors to turn on transcription

Enzymes attach acetyl groups to positibely charged lysines in the histone tails

Repressor

The switch that is a segment of DNA within the promoter:

Promotes chromatin packing

Inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence.

Repressor protein

A combination of control elements allows transcription only when all appropriate activator proteins are present

An example of DNA methylation

Usually off; molecules inactivate repressors to turn on transcription

Another name for distal control elements

Proximal control elements

Transcription is usually on; binding of a repressor to the operator shuts it off

Transcriptional activator