Unit Test: Thermodynamics

When heat is absorbed:

• A.

  Molecules move more slowly

• B.

  Molecules move more rapidly

• C.

  There is no change in molecular motion

• D.

  Temperature remains unchanged

When objects are at different temperatures:

• A.

  Heat is not transferred

• B.

  Heat is transferred from the cooler object to the warmer object

• C.

  Heat is transferred from the warmer object to the cooler object

• D.

  Heat transfers from both until equilibrium

Conduction is an example of:

• A.

  Radiation

• B.

  Heat transfer

• C.

  Energy efficiency

• D.

  Energy storage

Specific heat capacity measures:

• A.

  The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of a substance

• B.

  The amount of heat released from a substance during cooling

• C.

  How much heat is in a substance

• D.

  The amount of heat required to melt a substance

Heat is

• A.

  The same as temperature.

• B.

  How hot or cold something is.

• C.

  The transfer of energy from hot to cold.

• D.

  He transfer of energy from cold to hot.

The table lists melting and boiling points of four liquids. If you were to construct a liquid-in-glass thermometer (like the one’s we used in the lab), which liquid you would use if the thermometer was to measure temperatures in the range:           Liquid Melting Point (⁰C) Boiling Point (⁰C) Mercury -38 +356 Ethanol -114 +78 Glycerin +18 +290 Butanol -89 +117a. -30⁰C to +200⁰C

The table lists melting and boiling points of four liquids. If you were to construct a liquid-in-glass thermometer (like the one’s we used in the lab), which liquid you would use if the thermometer was to measure temperatures in the range:           Liquid Melting Point (⁰C) Boiling Point (⁰C) Mercury -38 +356 Ethanol -114 +78 Glycerin +18 +290 Butanol -89 +117b. -60⁰C to +100⁰C

The table lists melting and boiling points of four liquids. If you were to construct a liquid-in-glass thermometer (like the one’s we used in the lab), which liquid you would use if the thermometer was to measure temperatures in the range:           Liquid Melting Point (⁰C) Boiling Point (⁰C) Mercury -38 +356 Ethanol -114 +78 Glycerin +18 +290 Butanol -89 +117c. +90⁰C to +160⁰C     

The table lists melting and boiling points of four liquids. If you were to construct a liquid-in-glass thermometer (like the one’s we used in the lab), which liquid you would use if the thermometer was to measure temperatures in the range:           Liquid Melting Point (⁰C) Boiling Point (⁰C) Mercury -38 +356 Ethanol -114 +78 Glycerin +18 +290 Butanol -89 +117d. -100⁰C to +50⁰C

 The thermos bottle is also known as the vacuum flask. The function of the thermos bottle is to keep hot drinks ____

And cold drinks ___for a long time. 

How is it able to do this? Let us study the design of a thermos bottle. The bottle is made of a double walled glass with a vacuum between the walls. The two inner surfaces facing each other are silvered.  When a hot liquid is poured into such a bottle, it remains at a very nearly the same temperature for many hours. This is because the transfer of heat by _____

, ______  , _______ and ________is severely inhibited.

, ______  , _______ and ________is severely inhibited.

, ______  , _______ and ________is severely inhibited.

State if the following statements are either true or false based on the given situation.   The following materials were used to do an insulator lab similar to the one you planned. The thermometer was placed into the plastic bottle (with a starting inside temperature of around 20^oC). In the first bottle was air, in the second was cotton, and the third was steel wool. The bottles were then placed in the ice water. Every 30 seconds the temperatures were recorded to see how quickly the air cooled. The results are shown in the graph below. According to the results, cotton is the best insulator. ______

Based on the graph, the change in temperature of the air for five minutes is at least 10 degrees. _________

During the first three minutes, steel wool was the worst insulator.______

Cotton’s change in temperature for five minutes is no greater than 3⁰C._____

Cotton is a good insulator because it traps a lot of air. _______

The diagram below shows the formation of sea breezes and of land breezes. Choose A or B and explain how this type of wind is formed. The paragraph you write as an explanation should include as many of the following terms/information as possible: (Level 5/6) Radiation, Conduction, Convection, Specific Heat Capacity, Temperature, Density, Heat Energy, Time of Day (at what time of day does it occur).  

Use the concepts of modes of heat transfer, specific heat capacity, temperature, and/or thermal energy to explain each of the following observation:When you bite into a freshly baked pizza, you are more likely to burn yourself on the sauce than on the crust? Why? After all, the whole pizza, crust and sauce were in the same oven, baked at the same temperature.

Use the concepts of modes of heat transfer, specific heat capacity, temperature, and/or thermal energy to explain each of the following observation:   a)     When the Apollo spacecraft re-entered the Earth’s atmosphere, air friction slowed it down. The friction generated enough heat to warm the outside of a spacecraft up to 7000⁰C. To keep the inside from overheating, Apollo was equipped, on the outside, with a heat shield made of Lithium. Lithium, a metal melts at 180⁰C and boils at 1342⁰C. How did Lithium keep help the spacecraft “cool”? (Hint: Unlike the Space Shuttle, the Apollo spacecraft could not be reused.)