Chapter 4 - learning about Drug Discovery. Part 4 in your quest for knowledge.
Therapeutic area, major process stages, scientific specialty
Major process stages, scientific specialty, therapeutic area
Scientific specialty, therapeutic area, major process stages
Another term for active pharmaceutical ingredient
A compound that exhibits certain properties that suggest its value as a starting point for drug discovery
A compound that is known to possess certain properties that suggest its value in clinical trials
A compound made of lead, or, in latin, plumbum, atomic #82
A shift to fully automated R&D efforts
A shift to gene and protien based targeting
A shift to greater focus on isomers and alternative formulations of current blockbuster compounds
Reverting back to manually determing the crystalline structures of lead compounds.
Disease, drug
Target, lead compound
Disease, lead compound
Target, active ingredient
This is where pharma companies identify promising compounds to be developed.
This is where pharma companies identify less than promising coumpounds and eliminate them from cost-intensive development
This is where drugs are discovered and is the basis for creating cash flow for the company as a whole.
It isn't a factor in controlling costs.
The research teams have been diversified to bring input in from more types of scientists.
The R&D teams have become more effective at manually identifying promising early stage compounds
Researchers now use computer-based simulation and analysis to identify promising early stage compounds
People are smarter now than they used to be.
To understand how a drug reacts on the body
To determine the level at which the drug is toxic to create a safety threshold for patients using the drug.
To improve the functioning of systems in the body by creating drugs that specifically target foreign antibodies.
To understand the processes associated with a disease and to identigy a drug that can intervene in those processes
In a new therapeutic area, or, a different class of drug entirely
An isomer, or, a generic equivalent
Previously established, or, new/innovative
A bullleye or an X
Harmful to the testing subject, not harmful to the testing subject
Not harmful to the testing subject, harmful to the testing subject
The testing in live animals, the testing of live tissue (from human or animal organs) in the lab
The testing of live tissue (from human or animal organs) in the lab, the testing in live animals
Pre-clinical.
Early Phase 1
Early Phase 2
In the discovery phase
Discovering lead compounds at a later stage.
Optimization of a set of molecules that appear to influence the target.
Optimization of a target that shows promise.
Discovering a secondary useage of a set of molecules/compounds during the optimization period.
In the event a secondary indication is discovered, it is necessary for the target profile to take into account the new usage.
As time goes by, more data becomes available and it is necessary to revise the target profile to align with the new data.
Because researchers realize that they were wrong in the first place.
Side effects often occur in the discovery testing phase and it becomes evident that the drug is not an ideal candidate for a lead compound.
Because it didnt reserve the patent in time so it would be a waste of money to develop the compound.
Because the side effects outweight the benefits.
Because it would be too expensive to develop the compound to a useable formulation.
Because it does not align with the strategic goals of the company; and it becomes an outlicensing candidate.
The selection of the candidate with the most potential from the lead series/selecting a lead series out of a number of different compounds
Optimizing the set of molecules/compound in order to indentify their potential.
The minor modifications made to a team of sled dogs when a new team takes the lead at the Iditarod.
To develop marketing strategies based on the lead series the Discovery team has synthesized.
To develop lead compounds that are based on the strategic goals of the company.
To maintain a strong and clear messaging from discovery through to production.
Come on, Beckett, they don't work closely together at all. Stop trying to trick me.
There is no focus, they're out to discover anything and everything.
Focus is based on commercial imperative or a commitment to leveraging previously acquired intel.
The focus is based on establishing generic bioequivalence.
The primary focus is on the therapeutic area in which the pharma company competes.
On day 1.
When the lead compound(s) is/are identified.
When the compound(s) begin/s to show promise
When the full spectrum analysis con the compound/s has been conducted
The study of gnomes involved with the illicit drug trade.
The study of the pharmacology of genes.
The study of the influence a cocktail of drugs on the entire genomic structure
The study of genes and their relationship to drug action
Testing of preliminary safety
Pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
In vitro and in vivo testing
Has both a high efficacy and level of side effects
Optimally will combine high efficacy with a more favorable side effect profile
Does not need to take into account the level of side effects if the condition is less serious
Is a trade off between safety and efficacy.
True
False