1.
Each child and situation is different, but exposure to violence can overwhelm children at any age and lead to problems in their daily lives. Some children may have an emotional or physical reaction. Others may find it harder to recover from a frightening experience. Exposure to violence—especially when it is --?--can harm children’s natural, healthy development unless they receive support to help them cope and heal.
2.
Children who are in the child welfare system have been affected by abuse, neglect, and/or domestic violence. Many of these children have experienced physical attacks, violations, and injuries. Once in the system, they face other --?-- caused by the very system that was designed to protect them and remedy the situations that brought them into the system in the first place.
3.
Young children bear a disproportionate share of violence and abuse in the home. Exposure to domestic violence (abuse between adult partners in the home) affects many young children. When very young children are exposed to violence, their expectations for a --?-- world is shattered and they may lose the basic trust that a caregiver will emotionally and physically protect them.
4.
Elementary and middle school children exposed to violence may show problems at school and at home. They may:
■ Have difficulty paying attention
■ Become quiet, upset, and withdrawn
■ Be tearful and sad and talk about scary feelings and ideas
■ --?--
■ --?--
■ Want to be left alone
■ Eat more or less than usual
■ Get into trouble at home or school
A. 
Show changes in school performance
B. 
Fight with peers or adults
C. 
D. 
5.
Plan for individualized interventions that take into consideration traumatic experiences for both_____ and children, which may be affecting the current family situation.
6.
Child welfare workers understand the needs that families have, and they advocate for specialized services for those children with severe and persistent trauma-related symptoms. However, these specialized interventions are not a substitute for other needed services.
7.
Children’s reactions to exposure to violence can be immediate or appear much later.
8.
Older children may exhibit the least behavioral changes as a result of exposure to violence.
9.
All cultures have attitudes that support responsible fatherhood. It is important to help each father find aspects of his cultural values that support responsible, violence-free, family behavior. The role of practitioners can be to explore the positive values that each man espouses and use those values to support his process of change.
10.
Children born to immigrant parents are a large and rapidly growing segment of the Nation’s population of children. Few of these children are American citizens.
11.
Children of immigrants are more likely than children of U.S.-born citizens to face economic hardships and significant barriers to healthy social and emotional development. These barriers include exposure to violence and can affect children’s readiness to succeed in --?-- and beyond.
12.
_______and effective interventions that are culturally competent and family-centered can help immigrant and refugee children begin a healing process and ultimately thrive.
13.
Early intervention and treatment play a pivotal role in reducing the impact of exposure to violence on children and their families. Specifically, parent education programs can promote safe, stable, and nurturing relationships between children and caregivers. They can help parents by teaching them to create a _____ environment, to listen to their children, and to assure children and adolescents that whatever happened was not their fault.
14.
Knowing the types of_____parents are coping with (for example, substance addiction or mental disorders) can help identify issues that may affect parenting.
15.
Not all youth who have experienced ______ become teen parents or are involved in abusive relationships in adolescence. However, early exposure to violence is associated with an increased risk of being victimized or perpetrating violence as an adult.
16.
Many people experience harsh events in their childhood. 63% of the people who participated in the ACEs study had experienced at least one category of childhood trauma. Over 20% experienced 3 or more categories of trauma which we call Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs).
What percentage of these people experienced physical abuse?
17.
ACEs seem to account for one-half to two-thirds of the serious problems with drug use. They increase the likelihood that girls will have sex before reaching 15 years of age, and that boys or young men will ___________.
A. 
Be less likely to impregnate a teenage girl
B. 
Be more likely to impregnate a teenage girl
18.
Adversity in childhood causes mental health disorders such as depression, __________ and post-traumatic stress disorders.
19.
The more categories of trauma experienced in childhood, the greater the likelihood of experiencing ________
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
20.
Children are very resilient—but they are not unbreakable. No matter what their age, children are deeply hurt when they are physically, sexually, or emotionally abused or when they _______violence in their homes and communities.