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Motor cortex dysfunction
Cerebellum dysfunction
Basal ganglia dysfunction
Dysfunction of integrated higher motor centre transmission
None of the above
Motor cortex dysfunction
Cerebellum dysfunction
Basal ganglia dysfunction
Dysfunction of integrated higher motor centre transmission
None of the above
Motor cortex dysfunction
Cerebellum dysfunction
Basal ganglia dysfunction
Dysfunction of integrated higher motor centre transmission
None of the above
Motor cortex dysfunction
Cerebellum dysfunction
Basal ganglia dysfunction
Dysfunction of integrated higher motor centre transmission
None of the above
Motor cortex dysfunction
Cerebellum dysfunction
Basal ganglia dysfunction
Dysfunction of integrated higher motor centre transmission
None of the above
Motor cortex dysfunction
Cerebellum dysfunction
Basal ganglia dysfunction
Dysfunction of integrated higher motor centre transmission
None of the above
Motor cortex dysfunction
Cerebellum dysfunction
Basal ganglia dysfunction
Dysfunction of integrated higher motor centre transmission
None of the above
Motor cortex dysfunction
Cerebellum dysfunction
Basal ganglia dysfunction
Dysfunction of integrated higher motor centre transmission
None of the above
Dysarthria
Dysdiadochokinesia
Dysphagia
Dysaesthesia
Dyskinesia
The affected joints are expected to be in flexed holding positions.
Affected joints will tend to release farther if the therapist applies consistent gentle overpressure.
It would not be surprising if the person has dysarthria.
GTO reflex functions are expected to perform normally.
It would not be surprising if the person has chronic constipation.
Finds it too hot.
Is getting nasty "prickly heat" sensations.
Is feeling an intense achiness in the tissues.
Feels that the body part is going numb.
Finds it too heavy.
The GTO reflex is weakened and cannot adequately protect the muscle attachments.
Spastic muscles respond better to light, gentle techniques.
Spastic muscles should not be stretched.
It is too stimulating for the muscle spindle reflexes.
The type of technique will be too painful for spastic muscles and will initiate abnormal withdrawal reflex responses.
Dystonia; basal ganglia
Involuntary; basal ganglia
Vertigo; cerebellum
A "phantom" phenomenon; sensory
Decomposition of movement; cerebellum
The most common vascular damage in the brain is "stroke," which is an infarction.
The bleeding/edema that can result from a CNS lesion often creates more damage than the original problem.
Metal elements such as lead and aluminum are classified as CNS poisons and may be the cause of permanent damage.
Carbon monoxide damages the brain through depriving cells of oxygen.
None of the above (all are true)
A clonic reflex response typical of spasticity.
Impairment of the "righting" reflex.
Reversion to a more primitive reflex response.
A disordered agonist/antagonist reflex relationship.
Flexion dominance.
Neurons.
Astrocytes.
Ependyma.
Microglia.
Oligodendrocytes.
The key problem in spasticity is that basic reflexes and primitive movement patterns lose modification and oversight from higher motor centres.
Because of its integrated higher motor centre origin, spasticity will always affect the whole body.
Individuals with spasticity can often have quite low resting muscle tone.
The person with spasticity will often have a series of reflex reactions in response to one stimulus.
Spastic muscles will react aggressively to stretch, especially rapid stretch, so the massage therapist must proceed slowly, stop the stretch when the clonus begins, reduce the stretch a bit, and wait for the reaction to die down before proceeding.
Hypaesthesia
Dysaesthesia
Hyperasthesia
Paraesthesia
Anaesthesia
True
False
True
False
True
False
True
False
True
False
True
False
True
False