Sociology Final
- 1.
Sociologist refer to the organized patterns of social relationships and social institutions that make up society as the ______.
- A.
Sociological Perspective
- B.
Social Structure
- C.
Interactionist Perspective
- D.
Social Framework
Correct Answer
B. Social Structure -
- 2.
When conclusions are based on systematic and careful observations the study may be said to be _____.
- A.
Biased
- B.
Empircal
- C.
Endogamous
- D.
Stratified
Correct Answer
C. Endogamous -
- 3.
Which of the following was NOT a condition that led to the development of sociology?
- A.
The disappearance of traditional sources of authority.
- B.
Contact between societies was increasing.
- C.
The increasingly important role of religion.
- D.
Rapid social change in Europe.
Correct Answer
C. The increasingly important role of religion. -
- 4.
Positivism refers to?
- A.
Being very certain of one's research methods.
- B.
Thinking very optimistically about society.
- C.
A belief system first suggested by Emile Durkheim.
- D.
Scientific observation and description.
Correct Answer
B. Thinking very optimistically about society. -
- 5.
Alex de Tocqueville referred to the ability of the majority in a democracy to impose its will on everyone else as ____.
- A.
"Manifest Destiny"
- B.
The "tyranny of democracy"
- C.
"Unenlightened Despotism"
- D.
The "tyranny of majority"
Correct Answer
D. The "tyranny of majority" -
- 6.
According to Social Darwinists
- A.
The "survival of the fittest" is the driving force of social evolution.
- B.
Social reform was essential for the protection of the porrest members of society.
- C.
The evolution of society would always create more social problems.
- D.
"Social engineering" was necessary for society to meet the needs of its members.
Correct Answer
A. The "survival of the fittest" is the driving force of social evolution. -
- 7.
Material culture consists of...
- A.
Ideas about what is right and wrong.
- B.
Laws, customs, and ideas.
- C.
Ideas and beliefs of a group of people.
- D.
Objects created in a given culture.
Correct Answer
D. Objects created in a given culture. -
- 8.
Regardless of where it is found in the world, culture...
- A.
Is genetic.
- B.
Is shared.
- C.
Is the same everywhere at all times.
- D.
Is often questioned by those who take part in it.
Correct Answer
B. Is shared. -
- 9.
Which of the following is TRUE about the meaning of symbols?
- A.
They depend on the culture in which they appear.
- B.
They have no influence on human behavior.
- C.
They are inherent in the symbol itself.
- D.
They are always the same, regardless of the context in which they exist.
Correct Answer
A. They depend on the culture in which they appear. -
- 10.
What is the relationship between language and social inequality?
- A.
Language may reproduce the inequalities that exist in society.
- B.
The power relations in a situation provide a context for the meanings of particular expressions.
- C.
The language that people use may alter social stereotypes to some extent.
- D.
All of these choices are true.
Correct Answer
D. All of these choices are true. -
- 11.
Which of the following statements about the values is TRUE?
- A.
Values are not guides for behavior because they are too abstract.
- B.
Values define what is considered desirable and morally correct.
- C.
Societal values are actually realized or achieved most of the time.
- D.
Values most often create conflict.
Correct Answer
B. Values define what is considered desirable and morally correct. -
- 12.
Mechanisms of social control that enforce rules against killing are examples of:
- A.
Norms
- B.
Folkways
- C.
Sanctions
- D.
Mores
Correct Answer
C. Sanctions -
- 13.
Whereas earlier immigrants to the US were predominantly from Europe, today most new immigrants come to the US from _____.
- A.
Southern and Eastern Europe
- B.
South America and the Caribbean
- C.
The Middle East and Africa
- D.
Asia and Latin America
Correct Answer
D. Asia and Latin America -
- 14.
The cultures of groups whose values and norms differ to some extent from those of the dominant culture are called _____.
- A.
Countercultures
- B.
Popular cultures
- C.
Subcultures
- D.
Postmodern cultures
Correct Answer
C. Subcultures -
- 15.
A researcher who lives among the homeless in an effort to understand their norms is an example of:
- A.
Participant observation
- B.
Content analysis
- C.
Unobtrusive observation
- D.
Survey research
Correct Answer
A. Participant observation -
- 16.
In what way does sociological knowledge differ from philosophy and personal belief?
- A.
In the sociological study the theory must be testable.
- B.
Sociology is the one to explore social problems.
- C.
Philosophy and personal beliefs are based on values.
- D.
Sociological is never humanistic and the others are.
Correct Answer
A. In the sociological study the theory must be testable. -
- 17.
A sociological study explores whether there is any truth in the stereotype that women are bad drivers. This study is based on which type of reasoning?
- A.
Inductive reasoning.
- B.
Applied reasoning
- C.
Deductive reasoning
- D.
Conceptual reasoning.
Correct Answer
C. Deductive reasoning -
- 18.
Which of the following is not a source of sociological research questions?
- A.
Past studies that one may want to expand further.
- B.
Past research that one would like to develop a critique of.
- C.
An observation in everyday life.
- D.
All of these may be a source.
Correct Answer
D. All of these may be a source. -
- 19.
Research that is exactly the same as a previous study, but on a different group of poeple or in a different time or place, is called a _____ study.
- A.
Carbon
- B.
Replication
- C.
Reified
- D.
Spurious
Correct Answer
B. Replication -
- 20.
To study the difference in academic achievement between male and female athletes, one might look at rates of graduation among university students involved in sports. This is an example of _____ research.
- A.
Quantitative
- B.
Qualitative
- C.
Inductive
- D.
Nonscientific
Correct Answer
A. Quantitative -
- 21.
In the statement, "Diet determines one's life expectancy,: diet is the _____ variable.
- A.
Dependent
- B.
Independent
- C.
Intervening
- D.
Control
Correct Answer
B. Independent -
- 22.
A characteristic that may have more than one value or score is called a(n) ______.
- A.
Variable
- B.
Value
- C.
Hypothesis
- D.
Observation
Correct Answer
A. Variable -
- 23.
When variables are used in a research project in order to measure an abstract concept, these variables are called _____.
- A.
Dependent
- B.
Independent
- C.
Intervening
- D.
Indicators
Correct Answer
D. Indicators -
- 24.
Using multiple indicators of a concept likely make the measure more _____
- A.
Reliable
- B.
Valid
- C.
Reactive
- D.
Reflective
Correct Answer
B. Valid -
- 25.
A student is given the same survey three times, each time sitting alone in a room. The student;s results on the survey are different each time. This is an indication that the survey...
- A.
Is not reliable.
- B.
Is not valid.
- C.
Doesn't cover the material it was supposed to.
- D.
Is biased.
Correct Answer
A. Is not reliable. -
- 26.
______ are the expected behaviors associated with a given status in society.
- A.
Roles
- B.
Norms
- C.
Folkways
- D.
Values
Correct Answer
A. Roles -
- 27.
Through the process of socialization we do all of the following, except...
- A.
Learn the customs, habits, and practices of one's society.
- B.
Develop our identity.
- C.
Form our individual personality.
- D.
Experience diversity.
Correct Answer
A. Learn the customs, habits, and practices of one's society. -
- 28.
In regards to the "nature vs. nurture" debate, sociologist would tend to emphasize _______.
- A.
Nature
- B.
Nurture
- C.
Both
- D.
Neither
Correct Answer
B. Nurture -
- 29.
Sociologists have found that religious beliefs influence parenting practices. Research has found that conservative Protestants are more likely than other to...
- A.
Use strict discipline with children.
- B.
Use reasoning with their children.
- C.
Use positive reinforcement.
- D.
Use little or no discipline with children.
Correct Answer
A. Use strict discipline with children. -
- 30.
Recent research indicates that as agents of socialization, sports...
- A.
Are more important sources of identity for men than women.
- B.
Are where many ideas about gender differences are formed and reinforced.
- C.
Have historically been significant in the formation of women's identity.
- D.
Have been less significant in the development of masculine identity than was previously believed.
Correct Answer
B. Are where many ideas about gender differences are formed and reinforced. -
- 31.
According to Carol Gilligan, how do women's moral judgements compare to men's?
- A.
Women do not make moral judgements.
- B.
Men are more likely to make judgements based on relationships rather than circumstances.
- C.
Men and women use the same basic moral reasoning.
- D.
Women's moral judgements are more contextual than men's.
Correct Answer
D. Women's moral judgements are more contextual than men's. -
- 32.
_______ is interested in how social inequality affects the development of an individual's identity.
- A.
Psychoanalytic theory
- B.
Functionalism
- C.
Conflict Theory
- D.
Symbolic interaction
Correct Answer
C. Conflict Theory -
- 33.
Which theorist used the concept of the looking glass self to explain how the self emerges in interaction with others?
- A.
Charles Horton Cooley
- B.
George Herbert Mead
- C.
Sigmund Freud
- D.
Jean Piaget
Correct Answer
A. Charles Horton Cooley -
- 34.
Symbolic interaction theory suggests that children learn.
- A.
As the unconscious mind shapes their behavior.
- B.
Through taking the role of significant others.
- C.
Only when they identify with the same sex parent.
- D.
As they begin to learning the rules of the game of life.
Correct Answer
B. Through taking the role of significant others. -
- 35.
For Mead, the generalized other represents...
- A.
The unconscious mind.
- B.
People with whom children have a close relationship.
- C.
The repressed feelings and instincts to act badly.
- D.
The roles and expectations of society.
Correct Answer
D. The roles and expectations of society. -
- 36.
Which of the following statements is true about the process of socialization.
- A.
Socialization begins the moments a person is born.
- B.
By adolescence the socialization process is complete.
- C.
Socialization ends when one becomes an adult.
- D.
One's identity becomes fixed during the process of early socialization.
Correct Answer
A. Socialization begins the moments a person is born. -
- 37.
Sociologists who stud the large patterns of social interactions that are vast, complex, and highly differentiated are using ____.
- A.
Microanalysis
- B.
Macroanalysis
- C.
Content analysis
- D.
Organic analysis
Correct Answer
B. Macroanalysis -
- 38.
Which of the following is not a social institution?
- A.
Education
- B.
Family
- C.
Friends
- D.
Religion
Correct Answer
C. Friends -
- 39.
From the perspective of conflict theorists, social institutions...
- A.
Exist to protect the rights of those with less power in society.
- B.
Provide for some members of society more than for others.
- C.
Create meaning for the people who participate in them.
- D.
Hold society together.
Correct Answer
B. Provide for some members of society more than for others. -
- 40.
According to Emile Durkheim, it is _____ that gives groups social solidarity.
- A.
The social macrostructure.
- B.
Collective consciousness.
- C.
Class consciousness.
- D.
Popular culture.
Correct Answer
B. Collective consciousness. -
- 41.
The type of socila solidarity that exists in the US and other industrialized societies is _____ solidarity.
- A.
Communal
- B.
Mechanical
- C.
Organic
- D.
Integrated
Correct Answer
C. Organic -
- 42.
Which of these types of society has the greatest amount of social differentiation?
- A.
Foraging
- B.
Pastoral
- C.
Agricultural
- D.
Horticultural
Correct Answer
C. Agricultural -
- 43.
Postindustrial societies are characterized by...
- A.
The production of information services.
- B.
An increase in manufacturing jobs.
- C.
A large working class of industrial laborers.
- D.
A strict division of labor.
Correct Answer
A. The production of information services. -
- 44.
From a sociological perspective, which of these is not necessarily characteristic of a group?
- A.
Interaction is face-to-face.
- B.
Members communicate with each other.
- C.
Members share goals and norms.
- D.
Members possess an awareness of themselves as "we".
Correct Answer
A. Interaction is face-to-face. -
- 45.
The established position that one occupies within a social structure and that carries with it a degree of prestige is called a(n) _____.
- A.
Status
- B.
Occupation
- C.
Role
- D.
Role set
Correct Answer
A. Status -
- 46.
A status that is occupied from the moment of birth (e.g., your sex or race) is called an ______.
- A.
Acquired Status
- B.
Assumed Status
- C.
Ascribed Status
- D.
Achieved Status
Correct Answer
C. Ascribed Status -
- 47.
Research on interpersonal attractiveness is very clear that....
- A.
Opposites attract.
- B.
There is not pattern to interpersonal attraction.
- C.
Attraction to people who are very similar to us is most common.
- D.
Politics do not matter when it comes to love.
Correct Answer
C. Attraction to people who are very similar to us is most common. -
- 48.
By definition, groups must be at least ____ people.
- A.
2.
- B.
3.
- C.
6.
- D.
9.
Correct Answer
A. 2. -
- 49.
George Simmel is known for his work with:
- A.
Social networks.
- B.
Social institutions.
- C.
Groupthink.
- D.
Group size effects.
Correct Answer
D. Group size effects. -
- 50.
Triadic segregation refers to:
- A.
The tendency for triads to develop into a pair and an isolate.
- B.
The likelihood of dyads to be stable.
- C.
The emergence of coalitions.
- D.
The predisposition for primary groups to be small.
Correct Answer
A. The tendency for triads to develop into a pair and an isolate. -
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Mar 20, 2022Quiz Edited by
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