What would most likely result if mitosis was not accompanied by cytoplasmic division (Standard 4.1b)

One cell with two identical nuclei

Two cells, each with one nucleus

Two cells, each without a nucleus

One cell with two identical nuclei

One large egg cell and three polar bodies

The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is (Standard 4.1e):

A pituitary hormone which stimulates the growth of the follicle

An ovarian hormone which is responsible for the building up of the uterine lining

A pituitary hormone which stimulates the growth of the follicle

A hormone which is stimulated by the follicle and is responsible for building up the uterine lining

An ovarian hormone which stimulates a follicle to produce an egg

A hormone secreted in the male testes and delivered to the female ovaries

What makes stem cells different from other cells in the body?

They are undifferentiated cells that can turn into a number of different kinds of cells, as needed.

They are larger than other cells.

They can absorb broken cells and repair them.

They are undifferentiated cells that can turn into a number of different kinds of cells, as needed.

They are only found in embryonic cells and are never found in adult cells.

Reproduction And Development Pre-assessment (Grade 8)

1.

Which reproductive adaptation is characteristic of most terrestrial vertebrates but not of most aquatic vertebrates (Standard 4.1 a)?
- A.
  
  External Fertilization
- B.
  
  Internal Fertilization
- C.
  
  Motile Gametes
- D.
  
  External Development
- E.
  
  Fragmentation
Correct Answer
B. Internal Fertilization

Explanation
Most terrestrial vertebrates have internal fertilization, where the sperm fertilizes the egg inside the female's body. This adaptation is necessary on land because it helps protect the eggs from drying out and ensures that the sperm can reach the eggs. In contrast, most aquatic vertebrates rely on external fertilization, where the eggs and sperm are released into the water and fertilization occurs externally. This is because water provides a suitable environment for the eggs and sperm to meet and develop. Therefore, internal fertilization is characteristic of most terrestrial vertebrates but not of most aquatic vertebrates.

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2.

What would most likely result if mitosis was not accompanied by cytoplasmic division (Standard 4.1b)
- A.
  
  Two cells, each with one nucleus
- B.
  
  Two cells, each without a nucleus
- C.
  
  One cell with two identical nuclei
- D.
  
  One cell without a nucleus
- E.
  
  One large egg cell and three polar bodies
Correct Answer
C. One cell with two identical nuclei

Explanation
If mitosis was not accompanied by cytoplasmic division, it would result in one cell with two identical nuclei. This is because mitosis is the process of cell division where the nucleus of a cell divides into two identical nuclei. However, without cytoplasmic division, the cytoplasm would not divide and remain in one cell, resulting in two identical nuclei within that cell.

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1
3.

Which diagram best represents oogenesis in humans (Standard 4.1c)? Diagram 1: Diagram 2:Diagram 3:Diagram 4:
- A.
  
  Diagram 1
- B.
  
  Diagram 2
- C.
  
  Diagram 3
- D.
  
  Diagram 4
- E.
  
  None of the Above
Correct Answer
D. Diagram 4
4.

Which process normally occurs at arrow B (Standard 4.1d):
- A.
  
  Mitosis
- B.
  
  Meiosis
- C.
  
  Germination
- D.
  
  Differentiation
- E.
  
  Gametogenesis
Correct Answer
A. Mitosis

Explanation
Mitosis is the process of cell division that occurs in somatic cells, resulting in the production of two identical daughter cells. It is a crucial process for growth, repair, and maintenance of the body. Arrow B likely represents the stage of mitosis where the chromosomes align at the center of the cell before separating into two daughter cells. This process ensures genetic stability and the distribution of identical genetic material to each daughter cell.

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5.

The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is (Standard 4.1e):
- A.
  
  An ovarian hormone which is responsible for the building up of the uterine lining
- B.
  
  A pituitary hormone which stimulates the growth of the follicle
- C.
  
  A hormone which is stimulated by the follicle and is responsible for building up the uterine lining
- D.
  
  An ovarian hormone which stimulates a follicle to produce an egg
- E.
  
  A hormone secreted in the male testes and delivered to the female ovaries
Correct Answer
B. A pituitary hormone which stimulates the growth of the follicle

Explanation
FSH is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the growth of the follicle. This means that it plays a crucial role in the development and maturation of ovarian follicles, which contain the eggs. FSH is released by the pituitary gland in response to signals from the hypothalamus, and it acts on the ovaries to stimulate the growth and development of the follicles. This process is essential for the production of mature eggs and the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

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6.

After sperm is deposited inside a female, the pathway they follow to reach the egg is (Standard 4.1f):
- A.
  
  G to H to I
- B.
  
  K to I to H
- C.
  
  J to K to H
- D.
  
  H to I to K
- E.
  
  E to D to B
Correct Answer
B. K to I to H

Explanation
After sperm is deposited inside a female, they typically follow a pathway from the cervix (K) to the uterus (I) and then to the fallopian tubes (H) where fertilization of the egg takes place. This pathway allows the sperm to travel towards the egg and increases the chances of successful fertilization.

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7.

In humans, what is the ratio of the number of gametes produced from one male primary sex cell to the number of gametes produced from one female primary sex cell (Standard 4.1g)?
- A.
  
  1:1
- B.
  
  1:3
- C.
  
  1:4
- D.
  
  3:1
- E.
  
  4:1
Correct Answer
E. 4:1

Explanation
The correct answer is 4:1. This means that for every one gamete produced from a female primary sex cell, four gametes are produced from a male primary sex cell. This ratio indicates that males typically produce a larger number of gametes compared to females.

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8.

Identical twins may develop as a result of fertilization of (Standard 4.1h):
- A.
  
  One egg by one sperm
- B.
  
  One egg by two sperms
- C.
  
  Two eggs by one sperm
- D.
  
  Two eggs by one sperm
- E.
  
  Two eggs by two sperms
Correct Answer
A. One egg by one sperm

Explanation
Identical twins develop as a result of fertilization of one egg by one sperm. This occurs when a single fertilized egg, also known as a zygote, splits into two separate embryos. The splitting of the zygote can happen at various stages of development, resulting in identical twins who share the same genetic material and are of the same sex. This is different from fraternal twins, which occur when two separate eggs are fertilized by two different sperm.

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9.

The diagrams below represent various processes associated with reproduction. Asexual reproduction is represented by (Standard 2.1d):
- A.
  
  A, only
- B.
  
  B, only
- C.
  
  A and C
- D.
  
  B and D
- E.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
C. A and C

Explanation
The correct answer is A and C. This means that both diagram A and diagram C represent processes associated with asexual reproduction. The explanation for this answer is not available.

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10.

What makes stem cells different from other cells in the body?
- A.
  
  They are larger than other cells.
- B.
  
  They can absorb broken cells and repair them.
- C.
  
  They are undifferentiated cells that can turn into a number of different kinds of cells, as needed.
- D.
  
  They are found only in plants.
- E.
  
  They are only found in embryonic cells and are never found in adult cells.
Correct Answer
C. They are undifferentiated cells that can turn into a number of different kinds of cells, as needed.

Explanation
Stem cells are unique because they are undifferentiated, meaning they have not yet specialized into a specific type of cell. This allows them to develop into various types of cells as needed, such as blood cells, muscle cells, or nerve cells. Unlike other cells in the body, stem cells have the ability to regenerate and repair damaged tissues by replacing old or injured cells. This characteristic makes them crucial in medical research and potential treatments for various diseases and injuries.

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11.

Rate, on a scale of 1 – 4, 1 being the lowest and 4 being the highest, how much you already know about human reproduction and development.

Correct Answer
1
2
3
4

Explanation
The answer "1,2,3,4" suggests that the person knows about all aspects of human reproduction and development, ranging from the basic knowledge (1) to a high level of understanding (4). This answer indicates that the person has a comprehensive understanding of the topic and is familiar with all the relevant concepts and processes involved in human reproduction and development.

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4
12.

Rate, on a scale of 1 – 4, 1 being the lowest and 4 being the highest, how interested are you in human reproduction and development.

Correct Answer
1
2
3
4

Explanation
The question asks the respondent to rate their interest in human reproduction and development on a scale of 1 to 4, with 1 being the lowest and 4 being the highest. The answer options provided include all possible ratings, from 1 to 4, allowing the respondent to choose the level of interest that best represents them.

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4

Reproduction And Development Pre-assessment (Grade 8)

Which reproductive adaptation is characteristic of most terrestrial vertebrates but not of most aquatic vertebrates (Standard 4.1 a)?

What would most likely result if mitosis was not accompanied by cytoplasmic division (Standard 4.1b)

Which diagram best represents oogenesis in humans (Standard 4.1c)? Diagram 1: Diagram 2:Diagram 3:Diagram 4:

Which process normally occurs at arrow B (Standard 4.1d):

The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is (Standard 4.1e):

After sperm is deposited inside a female, the pathway they follow to reach the egg is (Standard 4.1f):

In humans, what is the ratio of the number of gametes produced from one male primary sex cell to the number of gametes produced from one female primary sex cell (Standard 4.1g)?

Identical twins may develop as a result of fertilization of (Standard 4.1h):

The diagrams below represent various processes associated with reproduction. Asexual reproduction is represented by (Standard 2.1d):

What makes stem cells different from other cells in the body?

Rate, on a scale of 1 – 4, 1 being the lowest and 4 being the highest, how much you already know about human reproduction and development.

Rate, on a scale of 1 – 4, 1 being the lowest and 4 being the highest, how interested are you in human reproduction and development.